Parastomal hernia repair with acellular dermal matrix.

PURPOSE: Treatment of parastomal hernia is often complicated by a high recurrence rate and likelihood of wound contamination. We reported an initial series of parastomal hernia repairs performed with acellular dermal matrix. METHODS: We reviewed a series of 11 patients who had parastomal hernia repairs with acellular dermal matrix and recorded the type of ostomy, previous repair, associated intestinal pathology, type of repair performed, perioperative complications, and rate of recurrence. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2006, 11 patients underwent parastomal hernia repair with acellular dermal matrix by the senior author. Nine of 11 patients had associated Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and 3 had recurrent parastomal hernias that had failed initial repair. Mean follow-up was 8.7 months (range: 1-21 months). Two patients developed wound infections that did not require implant removal and healed with local wound care. Three patients developed recurrent hernias. CONCLUSIONS: Parastomal hernia with acellular dermal matrix results in recurrence rates comparable to those reported in the literature for synthetic mesh repair. It offers the advantages of avoiding stoma relocation and of not requiring implant removal in cases of wound infection.     

Parastomale Hernienversorgung mit prothetischer Netzplastik

After stoma formation, parastomal hernia develops in 30–50% of patients, with one-third of these require operative correction. Recurrence rates are very high after suture repair of parastomal hernias or relocation of the stoma. Open or laparoscopic mesh repairs have resulted in much lower recurrence rates. Long-term follow-up of the various techniques for parastomal hernia repair is lacking, as are randomized trials. A prophylactic prosthetic mesh placed in a sublay position at the index operation has reduced the rate of parastomal hernia in randomized trials. A prophylactic mesh in an onlay position, a sublay position, and an intraperitoneal onlay position has also been associated with low herniation rates in non-randomized studies. Although several questions within this field still have to be answered, it seems obvious that use of a mesh represents a suitable measure for the prevention of parastomal hernia as well as parastomal hernia repair.     

Acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm): new material in the repair of stoma site hernias

Parastomal hernias are a common complication after ileostomy or colostomy formation and can lead to complications, such as intestinal obstruction and strangulation. When a parastomal hernia presents, repair of the defect can pose a challenge to the surgeon to choose a repair that both reduces complications and recurrence rates. We present three cases of parastomal hernia repair using acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm) as reinforcement to the primary hernia repair. We prospectively followed three patients who presented with parastomal hernia after ostomy formation in 2001-2002. The patients underwent repair of the parastomal hernia using primary fascial repair with reinforcement using AlloDerm as an on-lay patch. Two patients were followed for 6 months and 1 year, respectively, and remained hernia-free. One patient presented 8 months later with symptoms of intestinal obstruction that were relieved by nasogastric tube decompression and bowel rest. The patient subsequently returned 3 months later with intestinal obstruction and recurrent parastomal hernia that necessitated an operation for relocation of the stoma and repeat hernia repair. Repair of parastomal hernias using AlloDerm acellular dermal matrix as a substitute for a synthetic graft showed resilience to infection and, more importantly, tolerated exposure in an open wound without having to be removed. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to see if this material reduces the incidence of hernia recurrence.     

Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair

Repair of parastomal represents a significant challenge for the hernia surgeon. Repair of these hernias is indicated because of an ill-fitting appliance, cosmetic deformity, inability to maintain proper hygiene and complications from the hernia itself such as incarceration or strangulation. Recent reports in the literature have shown that primary fascial repair can occur in 46% of patients and relocation of the stoma is associated with a 40% recurrence rate. For this reason, the use of polypropylene mesh has been applied to this repair. The recurrence rate with this open technique will still incur a failure rate of 20–29%. Additionally there are other complications such as obstruction, fistulization or mesh erosion with this biomaterial. The laparoscopic approach to this hernia may offer a new choice for this difficult problem. We have used ePTFE to repair 12 parastomal hernias with three different approaches. There have been eight colostomy, two ileostomy and two urostomy hernias. Follow-up ranges from 3–39 months (average 20 months). There has been one recurrence that required two repairs (8%). Other complications included enterotomy (one patient), ileus (one), seroma (one), and death from postoperative aspiration (one). The laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernias appears to be a promising technique for this complex dilemma.Presented at the meeting of the American Hernia Society, Orlando, FL, February 2004     

Intraperitoneal ePTFE mesh repair of parastomal hernias

Parastomal hernia represents a common complication of colostomy formation. Surgical techniques such as facial repair and stoma relocation have almost been abandoned because of high recurrence rates. Extraperitoneal prosthetic mesh repair had better results but was accompanied by high rates of mesh contamination. A new technique, with intraperitoneal onlay position of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was therefore established. We report herein two cases of symptomatic large parastomal hernias treated in our department.     

Recurrent parastomal hernia and middle incisional hernia: surgical treatment through midline incision with wide prosthetic mesh

Parastomal hernia is a frequent complication of stoma surgery. The results of parastomal hernia repair however are poor, showing an high incidence of postoperative recurrences. In the last years, hernia repair with prosthetic mesh has given better postoperative results. The parastomal hernia, however, is associated with middle incisional hernia. The authors review the problem of surgical repair of parastomal hernia and report a case of recurrent parastomal hernia associated to middle incisional hernia. The technique of surgical repair using, through midline incision, one, wide, prosthetic polypropylene mesh, in sublay position, according to Rives' technique, is described. The mesh has been incised in a trasverse direction for the stoma crossing. At 6 years follow-up the patient does not show postoperative recurrence. According literature and the authors' results, the parastomal hernia might be considered an incisional hernia and, therefore, a sing of diffuse abdominal wall disease. The Rives' surgical technique might be the gold standard for treatment of parastomal hernia, even if not associated to incisional hernia. The more complexity of Rives' technique compared to local fascial mesh repair is compensated by the result of total abdominal wall reinforcement.     

Erosion and perforation of colon by synthetic mesh in a recurrent paracolostomy hernia

Parastomal hernia, particularly when recurrent, presents a troublesome problem to the surgeon. Since the late 1970s, prosthetic-mesh repairs have been used increasingly, though, as yet, there is no consensus on the best technique of repair. We report a case of failure of a polypropylene-mesh repair of a recurrent parastomal hernia, complicated by erosion of the mesh edge into the colon proximal to the stoma. This entailed further resection of the colon, excision of the mesh and relocation of the colostomy. The case highlights the potential for serious morbidity from this form of repair and the need for careful assessment of symptoms before contemplating a surgical approach to any type of parastomal hernia. Electronic Publication     

Single-Center Experience With Parastomal Hernia Repair Using Retromuscular Mesh Placement

Background

Parastomal hernias (PHs) are frequent complications of enterostomies. We aimed to evaluate our outcomes of open PH repair with retromuscular mesh reinforcement.

Methods

From 2006 to 2013, 48 parastomal hernias were repaired in 46 consecutive patients undergoing open retromuscular repair. Surgical technique included stoma relocation, retromuscular dissection, posterior component separation, and retromuscular mesh placement. All stomas were prophylactically reinforced with cruciate incisions through mesh. Main outcome measures included demographics, perioperative details, wound complications (classified according to the CDC guidelines), and recurrences.

Results

There were 24 male and 22 female patients with a mean age of 61.8 and body mass index (BMI) of 31.7 kg/m². Twenty-four patients had recurrent PH with an average of 3.8 prior repairs. Ostomies included 18 colostomies, 20 ileostomies, and 10 ileal conduits. Thirty-two patients had a concurrent repair of a midline incisional hernia. All patients underwent mesh repair with either biologic (n?=?29), lightweight polypropylene (n?=?15), or absorbable synthetic mesh (n?=?2). There were 15 superficial surgical site infections (SSIs) and 6 deep SSIs. There was one case of an ischemic ostomy requiring surgical revision. No mesh grafts required removal and there were no mesh erosions. At a mean follow-up time of 13 months, five patients (11 %) developed a recurrence; three patients required re-repair.

Conclusion

In this largest series of complex open repairs with retromuscular mesh reinforcement and stoma relocation, we demonstrate that this results in an effective repair. This technique should be considered for complex parastomal hernia repair.     

Randomized clinical trial of the use of a prosthetic mesh to prevent parastomal hernia

BACKGROUND: Parastomal hernia is a common complication following colostomy, and repair with a prosthetic mesh is associated with the lowest recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect on stoma complications of using a mesh at the primary operation. METHODS: Patients undergoing permanent colostomy were randomized to have either a conventional stoma or the addition of a mesh placed in a sublay position. A large-pore lightweight mesh with a reduced polypropylene content and a high proportion of absorbable material was used. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were randomized to have a conventional stoma and 27 to have the mesh. No infection, fistula formation or pain occurred (observation time 2-28 months). At the 12-month follow-up, parastomal hernia was present in eight of 18 patients without a mesh and in none of 16 patients in whom the mesh was used. CONCLUSION: A lightweight prosthetic mesh in a sublay position at the stoma site was not associated with infection or other early complications. Preliminary results indicate that the mesh prevented the development of parastomal hernia.     

Surgery of recurrent parastomal hernia: direct repair or relocation?

Purpose Parastomal hernia is a common late complication after stoma creation. The management options are many; unfortunately, most literature suggests unsatisfactory results. There are few studies comparing the outcomes after repair of parastomal hernias especially in recurrent cases, and the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after repair of recurrent parastomal hernias between direct repair (DR) and relocation (RL). Method We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent direct repair or RL for recurrent parastomal hernia during the period between 1990 and 2005. Perioperative data and re‐recurrence rates were obtained and analysed with appropriate statistical methods. Results With mean follow‐up time of 2 years, 50 operations were available for evaluation; 27 (54%) DR and 23 (46%) RL [five same‐side RL (SSRL) and 18 opposite‐side RL (OSRL)]. There were no deaths and there were similar complication rates between groups. Four of five (80%) SSRL had a re‐recurrent parastomal hernia. Considering only DR with OSRL, although OSRL had longer operative time and hospital stay than DR, the re‐recurrence rate was lower (38%vs 74%; P = 0.02). However, with Kaplan–Meier calculated and longer predicted follow‐up time, re‐recurrence rates were similar (Log rank P = 0.09). Conclusion Recurrent parastomal hernia repair is associated with high re‐recurrence rates.OSRL seems to have promising short‐term outcomes; however, whether these results hold up long‐term remains unclear. Therefore, larger cohorts of patients with longer follow‐up or prospective randomized trials are needed.     

腹壁造瘘口旁疝44例防治体会

目的探讨腹壁造瘘口旁疝的防治方法.方法回顾性分析44例腹壁造瘘口旁疝的临床特点及修补方法.结果采用局部缝合23例,网片修补16例,重新造瘘加补片5例.39例均恢复良好,5例发生切口感染.41例获得随访,随访时间6～108个月,平均49个月.复发3例,复发率为6.8%.结论造瘘口旁疝的发生与多重因素有关,应当改善围手术期患者营养状况,治疗伴发的疾病,改进操作技术以预防造瘘口旁疝的发生;手术是惟一的治愈方法,对于巨大造瘘口旁疝需用网片修补,必要时应重新移位造瘘.     

Is parastomal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh safe?

BACKGROUND: Concern over the safety of polypropylene mesh in parastomal hernia repairs has led some to avoid its use. We reviewed our rate of complications and outcomes with polypropylene mesh. METHODS: From January 1988 through May 2002, 58 patients underwent parastomal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh. After closure of the fascia, the stoma was pulled through the center of the mesh, which was placed either above or below the fascia. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for the development of complications. RESULTS: There were 31 end colostomies, 24 end ileostomies, and 3 loop transverse colostomies. Mean follow-up with 50.6 months. Overall complications related to the polypropylene mesh was 36% (recurrence 26%, surgical bowel obstruction 9%, prolapse 3%, wound infection 3%, fistula 3%, and mesh erosion 2%). None of the patients had extirpation of their mesh. Complications were significantly associated with younger age (59.6 versus 67 years, P = 0.04). Cancer patients with stomas had fewer complications (P = 0.02, odds ratio 0.34). Inflammatory bowel disease, stomal type, mesh location, urgent procedures, steroid use, and surgical approaches were not significantly associated with an increased complication rate. Of the 15 patients with recurrence, 7 underwent successful repair for an overall success rate of 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Parastomal hernia repair with polypropylene mesh is safe and effective.     

The surgical treatment of the parastomal hernia using prolene mesh

Parastomal herniation is a frequent complication in enterostomy. The therapeutic strategy consists in three approaches: local fascial repair, relocation of the stoma, local repair of the parietal defect using nonabsorbable meshes. In our clinic between 1997-2002 we used monofilament meshes placed in sublay position at four patients with parastomal herniation. At three patients we used midline laparotomy placing the mesh round the colostomy on preperitoneal space, after preparing the hernia sack. The size of the mesh goes beyond the parastomal parietal defect with 3-5 cm. At the fourth patient we placed the mesh round the preperitoneal segment of the colon using a combined intraperitoneal and parastomal procedure, the size of the mesh going beyond parastomal parietal defect in this case too with 3-5 cm. The immediately and delayed results was favorable. CONCLUSIONS: The parastomal herniation's surgical repair applying prolen mesh can be a therapeutic alternative with good results.     

Repair of parastomal hernias using polypropylene mesh.

Parastomal hernias are a common complication of ostomy construction. We have developed a method of repair that uses two strips of polypropylene prosthetic mesh through a midline incision. The medical records of 19 patients who underwent parastomal hernia repair were retrospectively reviewed. All nine patients operated on for this condition by the senior author (R.G.P.) (group 1) underwent repairs with this technique. All ten patients operated on by other surgeons in our center (group 2) underwent repairs in which the stoma was moved, the fascia was directly repaired through a parastomal incision, or the fascia was repaired via a midline incision. No patients in group 1 had recurrences while five patients in group 2 had recurrences. Neither group developed strictures or stomal prolapse. Our method of repair is technically easy and has excellent results. It is especially suitable in very large hernias in which incisional hernia is likely in the original stoma site if the stoma is moved.     

Parastomal hernia: short-term outcome after laparoscopic and conventional repairs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes after laparoscopic and conventional parastomal hernia repairs. A retrospective review of parastomal hernia repairs was performed. Conventional repairs included primary suture repair, stoma relocation, and mesh repair. Laparoscopic repairs included the Sugarbaker and keyhole techniques. Forty-nine patients underwent repair of symptomatic parastomal hernias: 19 ileostomies, 13 colostomies, and 17 urostomies. Thirty patients underwent 39 conventional repairs. Nineteen patients underwent laparoscopic surgical repairs. Operative times were longer for laparoscopic repair (208 +/- 58 vs 162 +/- 114 minutes, P = .06). The mean length of stay was 6 days for both groups (P = .74). The mean follow-up was shorter in the laparoscopic group (20 vs 65 months, P < or = .001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of surgical site infections (11% laparoscopic vs 5% conventional, P = .60) or complication rates (63% laparoscopic vs 36% conventional, P = .67). Laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair is a feasible operation with similar short-term outcomes to conventional repairs.     

Parastomal hernia

BACKGROUND: Parastomal hernia following formation of an ileostomy or colostomy is common. This article reviews the incidence of hernia, the technical factors related to the construction of the stoma that may influence the incidence, and the success of the different methods of repair. METHODS: A literature search using the Medline database was performed to locate English language articles on parastomal hernia. Further articles were obtained from the references cited in the literature initially reviewed. RESULTS: Parastomal hernia affects 1.8-28.3 per cent of end ileostomies, and 0-6.2 per cent of loop ileostomies. Following colostomy formation, the rates are 4.0-48.1 and 0-30.8 per cent respectively. Site of stoma formation (through or lateral to rectus abdominis), trephine size, fascial fixation and closure of lateral space are not proven to affect the incidence of hernia. The role of extraperitoneal stoma construction is uncertain. Mesh repair gives a lower rate of recurrence (0-33.3 per cent) than direct tissue repair (46-100 per cent) or stoma relocation (0-76.2 per cent). CONCLUSION: The incidence of parastomal hernia is between 0 and 48.1 per cent, depending on the type of stoma and length of follow-up. No technical factors related to the construction of the stoma have been shown to prevent herniation. If repair is required, a prosthetic mesh technique should be considered. Further randomized clinical trials (particularly of extraperitoneal stoma construction) are needed.     

Laparoscopic repair for recurrent parastomal hernia of an end stoma using the sandwich technique while preserving an ileal conduit: A case report

IntroductionParastomal hernia is a common complication following stoma creation. The surgical approaches included local repair by suture, stoma relocation and mesh-based techniques; but none has been able to provide satisfactory results.Presentation of caseA 60-year-old asian female was referred complaining of abdominal pain and constipation caused by recurrent parastomal hernia of an end stoma. She had undergone total cystectomy with creation of an ileal conduit at the age of 53 years, and laparoscopic sigmoid colostomy at the age of 55 years. Parastomal hernia of an end stoma had developed postoperatively, and she had undergone recreation of colostomy at the same place with fasciorrhaphy at the age of 59 years, but parastomal hernia recurred 6 months later because of split fascia sutures. Laparoscopic repair for recurrent parastomal hernia was conducted using the sandwich technique while preserving an ileal conduit. The patient has been followed postoperatively for more than 3 years without any sign of recurrence.DiscussionAlthough further cases are required to get definitive conclusions, we suppose that the laparoscopic sandwich technique can be useful for parastomal hernia.ConclusionWe herein report a case of recurrent parastomal hernia treated laparoscopically while preserving an ileal conduit using the sandwich technique which combines the keyhole and Sugarbaker techniques. This is a quite rare case report of laparoscopic repair for recurrent parastomal hernia in a patient with an ileal conduit.     

Lateral repair of parastomal hernia.

INTRODUCTION: Parastomal hernia is a common complication of stoma construction. Although the majority of patients are asymptomatic, about 10% require surgical correction. AIMS: We describe a new surgical approach for the repair of parastomal hernias, which avoids both the need for laparotomy and stoma mobilization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine patients (4 female) with parastomal hernia underwent surgical repair. Median age was 55 years (range 38-73 years). There were 8 para-ileostomy herniae and one paracolostomy hernia. A lateral incision was made approximately 10 cm from the stoma, and carried down to the rectus sheath. The dissection was carried medially towards the stoma, and around the defect in the abdominal musculature. The hernia sac was excised when possible and the fascial defect closed with non-absorbable, monofilament suture. A polyprolene mesh was placed round the stoma by making a slit in the mesh. The skin was closed with subcuticular monofilament absorbable suture. RESULTS: All patients returned to normal diet on the first postoperative day, and were discharged from hospital within 72 h. There were no wound infections, and no recurrences after a median follow up of 6 months (range 3-12 months). DISCUSSION: The technique we describe is simple and avoids the need of laparotomy. The mucocutaneous junction of the stoma is not disturbed, reducing the risk of contamination of the mesh, stenosis or retraction of the stoma. Grooving of the stoma and difficulty in fitting appliances is avoided because the wound is not placed near the mucocutaneous junction. This approach may be superior to other mesh repairs for parastomal hernia.     

Prevention of parastomal hernia by the placement of a mesh at the primary operation

Introduction  Parastomal hernia is a well known clinical problem, and up to 50% of all patients having a stoma will eventually develop a parastomal hernia. There are many surgical options available for the repair of a parastomal hernia, but the prevention of hernia development has only recently received scientific attention. The most encouraging results have included the use of a mesh inserted at the primary operation. We have, therefore, chosen to review the literature regarding the results of operative techniques, including mesh placement, for the prevention of a parastomal hernia. Materials  We performed a systematic literature search and found five publications which, in total, included 112 patients having a prophylactic mesh during their stoma formation. One study was a randomized controlled trial which included 54 patients, of which, 21 patients had a prophylactic mesh. The remaining four studies were prospective observational series. Results  Three of the 112 patients had a hernia recurrence within the follow-up period, which ranged from 2 to 48 months. One of the 52 patients that had a sublay mesh placed at the primary operation and two of 60 patients that had an onlay mesh developed a hernia. There were no infections or other serious complications related to the mesh in any of the studies. Conclusion  The results of placing a prophylactic mesh when performing a permanent stoma in the elective situation are very promising. However, the data are preliminary and with relatively short follow-up times. Therefore, it should be confirmed in larger, double-blinded, controlled randomized clinical trials whether there are short- and long-term advantages of placing a mesh at the primary operation, and where the mesh should be placed in the abdominal wall.     

Preventing parastomal hernia with a prosthetic mesh

HYPOTHESIS: Parastomal hernia is a common complication following colostomy. The lowest recurrence rate has been produced when repair is with a prosthetic mesh. This study evaluated the effect on stoma complications of using a mesh during the primary operation. DESIGN: Randomized clinical study. METHODS: Patients undergoing permanent colostomy were randomized to have either a conventional stoma or the addition of a mesh placed in a sublay position. The mesh used was a large-pore lightweight mesh with a reduced polypropylene content and a high proportion of absorbable material. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients had a conventional stoma, and in 27 patients the mesh was used. No infection, fistula formation, or pain occurred (observation time, 12-38 months). At the 12-month follow-up, parastomal hernia was present in 13 of 26 patients without a mesh and in 1 of 21 patients in whom the mesh was used. CONCLUSIONS: A lightweight mesh with a reduced polypropylene content and a high proportion of absorbable material placed in a sublay position at the stoma site is not associated with complications and significantly reduces the rate of parastomal hernia.