HHV-6和VEGF-C在口腔鳞癌组织中的表达及其相关性

目的探讨人类疱疹病毒6型(HHV-6)和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)mRNA及其蛋白表达水平与口腔鳞癌的关系,初步探讨HHV-6感染与VEGF-C表达水平的关系。方法用实时定量PCR技术和免疫组织化学方法检测口腔鳞癌组织中HHV-6和VEGF-C mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果口腔鳞癌组织中HHV-6和VEGF-C mRNA及其蛋白表达水平显著高于正常口腔组织(P0.05);在相同口腔鳞癌组织中HHV-6与VEGF-C mRNA的表达水平显著正相关(P0.001);口腔鳞癌组织中HHV-6和VEGF-C的表达水平与淋巴结转移具有显著相关性(P0.05)。结论口腔鳞癌的发生与HHV-6的感染有关,其感染可能引起VEGF-C的高表达。     

口腔鳞癌及癌前病变组织中p27、p53蛋白的表达

目的　探讨 p2 7、p5 3蛋白表达在口腔鳞癌发生发展中的意义。 方法　应用免疫组化S P法分别检测 9例口腔正常黏膜 ,11例单纯性增生、2 6例癌前病变及 5 4例鳞癌组织中p2 7、p5 3蛋白的表达。 结果　p2 7蛋白在口腔正常黏膜和单纯性增生组织中呈高表达 ,在癌前病变和鳞癌组织中高 (低 )表达率分别为 6 1 5 % (38 5 % )、2 5 9% (6 1 1% ) ,在鳞癌中阴性表达率为 13% ;p2 7蛋白的表达与鳞癌的组织分化程度、临床分期相关 (P <0 0 5 )。p5 3蛋白在正常黏膜、单纯性增生及轻、中度不典型增生中未见表达 ,在重度不典型增生和鳞癌中可见 2 8 6 %和 4 8 1%的阳性表达 ,二者差异有高度显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;在鳞癌中 p5 3蛋白表达与组织分化程度相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ;p2 7和p5 3表达在鳞癌中呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。 结论　p2 7蛋白表达的减少在口腔鳞癌的发生发展中起着重要作用 ,并与其预后因素密切相关。p5 3蛋白的表达在癌前病变向鳞癌转变过程中起重要作用。综合分析 p2 7、p5 3表达有助于口腔鳞癌的早期诊断和患者预后的估计。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor induces an invasive phenotype in human squamous cell carcinomas

Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1 has been shown to prevent invasion of experimental squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). To directly investigate the role of VEGF in tumor invasion, we stably transfected human SCC-13 cells, which are characterized by a noninvasive phenotype in vivo, with expression vectors containing murine VEGF(164) in sense (SCC/VEGF+) or antisense (SCC/VEGF-) orientation or with vector alone (SCC/vec). SCC/vec cells formed slowly growing, well-differentiated tumors with well-defined borders between tumor and stroma, after intradermal or subcutaneous injection. In contrast, SCC/VEGF+ tumors were characterized by rapid tumor growth, with small cell groups and single cells invading into the surrounding tissue, and by admixture of blood vessels and tumor cells in areas of tumor invasion. We detected an increase in tumor vessel density and size in VEGF-overexpressing tumors, resulting in a more than fourfold increase in total vascular areas. In contrast, SCC/VEGF- clones formed noninvasive, sharply circumscribed tumors with reduced vascular density. These findings demonstrate that selective VEGF overexpression was sufficient to induce tumor invasiveness, and they provide further evidence for an active role of the tumor stroma in cancer progression.     

早中期食管鳞状细胞癌中Notch1与血管内皮生长因子C的表达及其意义

Objective To study the expression of Notch1 and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in early metaphase esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relationship with the clinicopathological characters. Methods Tissue slices of 40 ESCC and 8 normal esophagus tissues were collected during esophagectomy in our hospital from May 2007 to December 2007. The expression of Notch1 and VEGF-C was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between Notch1 and VEGF-C and the relationship with the clinicopathological characters were discussed. Results Compared in early metaphase ESCC to that in normal tissue, Notch1 was obviously low expressed [47.5%(19/40) vs 100.0%(8/8) ,P=0.006) ], and VEGF-C was high expressed[ 67.5%(27/40) vs 0.0%(0/8) ,P=0.000]. Notch1 expression rate in different phase ESCC was 80.0%(8/10, well-differentiated), 50.0%(7/14, moderate-differentiated), 25.0%(4/16, poor-differentiatedwhile),respectively. The positive expression rate of Noch1 decreased with the decrease of differentiation degree (P=0.023), but there was no significant differences between infiltration degree and lymph node metastasis(P＞0.05).While VEGF-C expression rate was 30.0%(3/10, well-differentiated), 71.4%( 10/14, moderate-differentiated),81.3% (13/16, poor-differentiated), respectively. The expression of VEGF-C increased with the decrease of differentiation degree(P=0.024). VEGF-C expression in lymph nodes metastasis group was higher than that in no lymph nodes metastasis group [ 100.0 % (16/16) vs 45.8 % ( 11/24 ), P=0.000 ]. Compared with T2 group, the positive rate of VEGF-C expression was higher in T3-T4 group in ESCC tissue [ 82.1%(23/28) vs 33.3% (4/12),P=0.000 ]. Correlation was negative between Notch 1 and VEGF-C (r=-0.486, P=0.003). Conclusions Notch 1may be one of the anti-oncogenes in early metaphase ESCC. The aberrant low expression of Noch1 may lead to aberrant high expression of VEGF-C.     

早中期食管鳞状细胞癌中Notch1与血管内皮生长因子C的表达及其意义

目的 研究Notch1与血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)在早中期食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 收集2007年5月至12月在本院行食管癌根治术的40例早中期ESCC和8例正常食管组织病理标本,免疫组化方法检测Notch1和VEGF-C的表达,并探讨其与临床病理特征的关系,分析Notch1和VEGF-C表达的相关性.结果 与正常食管组织比较,早中期ESCC组织Notch1表达阳性率下降[47.5%(19/40)比100.0%(8/8),P=0.006)],而VEGF-C表达升高[67.5%(27/40)比0.0%(0/8),P=0.000].高、中、低分化ESCC组织中Notch1表达阳性率分别为80.0%(8/10)、50.0%(7/14)、25.0%(4/16),Notch1表达阳性率随肿瘤分化程度降低而降低(P=0.023),但在肿瘤浸润程度和淋巴结转移中差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).高、中、低分化ESCC组织中VEGF-C表达阳性率分别为30.0%(3/10)、71.4%(10/14)、81.3%(13/16),VEGF-C表达阳性率随分化程度的降低而升高(P=0.024).淋巴结转移阳性组VEGF-C表达阳性率高于淋巴结转移阴性组[100.0%(16/16)比45.8%(11/24),P=0.000].与T2分期组比较,T3～T4分期组ESCC组织VEGF-C表达阳性率升高[82.1%(23/28)比33.3%(4/12),P=0.000].Notch1与VEGF-C表达呈负相关(r=-0.486,P=0.003).结论 Notch1在早中期ESCC中表现为抑癌基因,其异常低表达可能是引起VEGF-C异常高表达的因素之一.     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在肝癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的 探讨人肝癌细胞株血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及其受体的表达,进一步认识VEGF在肝癌血管形成中的作用机制,方法 以人脐静脉血管内皮细胞系ECV304和小鼠成纤维细胞系L929作为对照,采用免疫组化染色及RT-PCR,检测体外培养的人肝细胞肝癌细胞系SMMC7721、HHCC和HepG2中VEGF及其受体的表达。结果 SMMC7721、HHCC和HepG2细胞均有VEGF的表达。同时VEGF受体1（Flt-1)在SMMC7721细胞中也有表达;而HHCC和HepG2细胞则表达VEGF的受体2（KDR）。结论 在肝癌的血管形成中可能存在VEGF的自分泌机制。     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体在子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体fms样酪氨酸受体-1 (flt-1)和含插入区的激酶受体(KDR)在子宫内膜癌血管生成中的作用及其与内膜癌分化程度的关系.方法采用免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法对23例子宫内膜癌及6例正常绝经期子宫内膜中VEGF、flt-1、KDR蛋白质及其mRNA进行检测,并对少数病例行Western印迹分析,以检测VEGF亚型在内膜癌组织的分布,用内皮细胞标志Ⅷ因子标记内膜癌组织中的微血管密度.结果 VEGF、flt-1、KDR蛋白质及其mRNA主要分布在子宫内膜癌组织血管内皮细胞及癌细胞胞质内.VEGF蛋白质在中分化(G2)、低分化(G3)内膜癌血管内皮细胞及癌细胞上的表达高于高分化内膜癌(G1)及正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05), VEGF mRNA在不同分化程度内膜癌组织的表达差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),但均大于正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05);flt-1蛋白质及flt-1mRNA在G3内膜癌血管内皮细胞的表达高于G1、G2及正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05),在癌细胞的表达差异无显著性意义(P>0.05) ,但均高于正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05);KDR蛋白质在子宫内膜癌组织血管内皮细胞及癌细胞上的表达较强,但不随分化程度发生变化,其mRNA在中分化(G2)、低分化(G3)内膜癌血管内皮细胞及癌细胞上的表达高于正常绝经期子宫内膜(P<0.05).G3子宫内膜癌组织的血管密度(48个±12个)高于G1(27个±14个)、G2(26个±16个)及正常绝经期子宫内膜(26个±11个,P<0.05).结论 VEGF、flt-1、KDR及mRNA在子宫内膜癌中的表达形式提示其与癌组织血管生成及血管通透性相关,VEGF及其受体是与子宫内膜癌旺盛生长相关的因子之一.     

Interleukin-6 signalling regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C synthesis and lymphangiogenesis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Lymph node metastasis is associated with resistance to conventional therapy and poor survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although lymphangiogenesis is well known to be associated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis in various cancers, the precise mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in OSCC are largely unknown. IL-6, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to play active roles in various cancers, including OSCC. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of IL-6 signalling in lymphatic metastasis and to evaluate the efficacy of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-human IL-6 receptor antibody, as an anti-lymphangiogenic agent for OSCC. This investigation confirmed that levels of expression of IL-6 protein and VEGF-C mRNA in OSCC tissues were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC, as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. In vitro studies showed that IL-6 regulated VEGF-C mRNA expression in a human OSCC cell line, SAS cells, through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway. In addition, treatment with tocilizumab led to markedly reduced VEGF-C mRNA expression and OSCC-related lymphangiogenesis in SAS xenografts. Together, these data suggest that tocilizumab acted as expected: it inhibited lymph node metastasis in OSCC by reducing tumour lymphangiogenesis.     

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor and mast cells with angiogenesis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

We investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular density in 54 cases of invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in ten samples of normal laryngeal tissue using immunohistochemistry methods. The study also focused on the distribution of mast cells in and around the SCCs. The microvascular density in laryngeal carcinoma tissue was higher than that in normal tissue (P=0.02). VEGF was localized in SCCs, stromal cells, endothelial cells, minor salivary glands, and non-cancer epithelium adjacent to the tumor. VEGF expression in the tumor cells was found in 13 of 54 cases (24.1%), whereas mast cells around the carcinomas were VEGF positive in all 54 cases. Staining of VEGF in SCCs was strong in the area of high microvascular density (P=0.0002). Using a multi-labeling subtraction immunostaining method, VEGF-positive stromal cells were classified mostly as mast cells and, in a few instances, as macrophages. VEGF staining in SCCs was associated with the mast cell count (P=0.0001). There was no distinct correlation between VEGF expression and pTNM stage of an SCC. In conclusion, the results suggest that VEGF might be an important angiogenic factor in cancer invasion. Laryngeal cancer cells and mast cells may control the angiogenic response by releasing VEGF. Received: 22 March 1999 / Accepted: 14 September 1999     

血管内皮生长因子受体3和Podoplanin在人结肠癌组织中的表达

目的:观察血管内皮生长因子受体3(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3,VEGFR-3)和Podoplanin在人结肠癌组织中的表达,以探讨二者标记淋巴管的特异性。方法:选择55例人结肠癌组织标本,应用免疫组织化学法观察VEGFR-3和Podoplanin在人结肠癌组织中的表达。结果:Podoplanin主要表达于淋巴管内皮细胞上,微血管极少着色;VEGFR-3主要表达于淋巴管内皮细胞上,另外在小血管内皮也有较丰富的表达。结论:Podoplanin在淋巴管内皮细胞的表达具有较高特异性,可以用来标记淋巴管。     

血管内皮生长因子C及其受体表达与肝细胞癌侵袭转移的关系

目的 研究人肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)及VEGFR-3表达与HCC临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 取HCC石蜡切片标本50例及正常肝组织标本15例,免疫组化法检测止常肝组织及HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达,分析其与HCC临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 (1)HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达阳性率高于正常肝组织(62%比26.7%,34%比6.7%,40%比0%,P均<0.05).(2)HCC组织中,VEGF-C表达与肝内转移、门静脉癌柃形成及肝门淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);VEGFR-2表达与肝内转移及门静脉癌栓形成有关(P<0.05);VEGFR-3表达与肝门淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05).结论 HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达与HCC的侵袭及转移有密切关系.     

血管内皮生长因子受体在膀胱癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子受体在膀胱癌中的表达及与临床病理因素的相关性。方法：免疫组化法采用链霉菌抗生物素一过氧化物酶连接法(SP法)对50例膀胱癌标本，20例正常膀胱组织标本中血管内皮生长因子受体的表达进行检测。结果：血管内皮生长因子受体在大多数膀胱癌组织中表达(74％)，而且其表达水平与病理分期及组织分级呈正相关。在正常膀胱组织中无1例表达(0％)。结论：膀胱癌组织中血管内皮生长因子受体阳性表达，提示其在膀胱癌的血管生成中起着重要作用。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in basal cell tumours and in squamous cell carcinomas of canine skin

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated immunohistochemically in 20 basal cell tumours (BCTs) and 15 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of canine skin. VEGF was identified in all the SCCs and was particularly striking in those occurring on the toe. On the other hand, VEGF was absent in the great majority of BCTs, occurring only in those of the solid type. The results suggest that presence of VEGF is a useful additional criterion for evaluating malignancy and growth potential in tumours of these types.     

Expression of p53 in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa: correlation with expression of Ki67

Aim—To study p53 expression in relation to proliferative status in normal and nondysplastic, dysplastic and malignant lesions of the oral mucosa.     

Effect of p53 gene transfection on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in endometrial cancer cells

It has been reported that tumor suppressor gene p53 regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, but the relation between them in endometrial carcinoma remains unclear. We investigated VEGF expression in 11 endometrial carcinoma cell lines and the effect of p53 gene transfection on VEGF expression in the p53-mutated endometrial carcinoma cell line, HEC-50B. Immunoblotting for detecting VEGF, p53, and beta-actin was performed. Wild type p53 gene was transfected using the SuperFect method. The mean VEGF value of 0.8 +/- 0.3 (n = 6) in p53 wild-type group was significantly lower than the 1.6 +/- 0.8 (n = 5) that was found in the p53 mutant group (P < 0.05). Levels of VEGF in the culture medium were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). VEGF levels in the p53 gene-transfected HEC-50B cells and the conditioned medium were decreased at 48 h after p53 gene transfection. VEGF expression was downregulated by p53 in endometrial carcinoma cells.     

食管鳞状细胞癌p53基因突变与p53蛋白过度表达的关系

p53基因是各种人类肿瘤包括食管癌中最常见有突变的基因之一。我们应用激光显微切割,聚合酶链反应（PCR）-杂合性缺失（LOH）,PCR-单链构象多态性分析（SSCP）,p53测序及免疫组织化学方法,检测了食管癌高发区中国山西省的56例患者食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）中p53基因缺失、突变及p53蛋白表达情况,旨在更好理解p53基因突变等变化在食管癌发生发展过程中的作用。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinomas

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor that may be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Only a few data concerning the role of VEGF in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are available, and no studies have yet evaluated its prognostic value. The aim of the present study was to assess VEGF expression in a large series of renal tumors with a long follow-up, correlated with the usual histoprognostic factors and survival. VEGF immunostaining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue from 74 renal carcinomas (62 conventional renal cell and 12 papillary carcinomas). Positivity of immunostaining was semi-quantitatively scored by two pathologists. Angiogenesis was evaluated by immunostaining with anti-CD34 antibodies on serial sections. Cytoplasmic VEGF expression was detected in tumor cells in 35% (26/74) of RCCs, including 18 out of the 62 (29%) conventional RCCs and 8 out of the 12 (67%) papillary carcinomas (P=0.02). In the group of conventional RCCs, VEGF expression was positively correlated with both nuclear grade (P=0.05) and size of the tumor (P=0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between VEGF expression and microvascular count (P=0.04). Finally, cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in the group of patients with conventional RCCs expressing VEGF (log rank test, P=0.01). In the Cox model, VEGF expression was a significant independent predictor of outcome, as well as stage and nuclear grade. This study suggests that VEGF is involved in angiogenesis in conventional RCCs and appears to be a potential prognostic factor in these tumors. Received: 9 July 1999 / Accepted: 18 October 1999