辐射和高温应激条件下对大鼠体内生物活性物质的影响及发生机制的初…

Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，经过０．６，０．８，１．０Ｇｙ＾６０Ｃｏ射线一次均匀全射照射，用放免分析的方法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮（ＡＬＤ），以及经过３８℃，４８℃高温受热处理后，用放免分析的方法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮和皮质醇的变化。结果表明：照射后大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ未出现应激性升高，醛固酮只在１．０Ｇｙ剂量照射后３小时出现应激性升高；高温处理后，大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ及皮质醇有升高趋势，而醛固酮     

急性高海拨地区大鼠心钠素与肾素——血管紧张素——醛固酮系统的 …

为了探讨急性高海拔地区机体对低压，低氧环境的适应机制，将海拔１０ｍ处的平原大鼠快速带至海拔２２６１ｍ再带入海拔３８００ｍ处，用放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆心钠素、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮的浓度。结果发现：（１）随海拔递增，大鼠血心钠素浓度逐渐升高，肾素及血管紧张素Ⅱ的含量也呈上升趋势，醛固酮浓度逐渐下降，统计学处理有显著性差别；（２）急进高海拔，心钠素降低了醛固酮对肾素，血管紧张素Ⅱ的反应性，使醛固酮     

急进高海拔ANP与RAAS的相关性研究

目的 探讨急进高海拔心钠素与肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统的变化及相互关系，以及二在急性高原适应中的意义。方法 将30只雄性Wister大鼠，由海拔10m的青岛市快速带至海拔2261m的西宁市，再带入海拔3800m的青海省天峻县，用放射免疫法测定不同海拔大鼠血浆心钠素与肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮的浓度，并分析二的相关性。结果 随海拔递增，(1)大鼠血浆心钠素浓度逐渐升高(P均＜0．01)；(2)肾素及血管紧张素Ⅱ的含量也呈上升趋势(P＜0．01)，仅青岛与西宁的血管紧张素Ⅱ有显性差异(P＜0．05)；(3)醛固酮浓度逐渐下降，青海与西宁有显性差异(P＜0．05)，青岛与天峻有显性差异(P＜0．01)，西宁与天峻无显性差异(P＞0．05)。结论 急进高海拔，心钠素降低了醛固酮对肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ的反应性，使醛固酮处于低水平状态，上述改变对急性高原适应有非常积极的作用。     

急进海拔地区大鼠肾素—血管紧张素—醛固酮系统的功能对比性研究

为探讨急进高海拔地区要体对低压,低氧环境的适应机制,将海拔１０ｍ处的平原大鼠快速带至海拔２２６１ｍ再带入海拔３８００ｍ处,用放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆肾素,血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮的浓度,结果发现：（１）随海拔高度递增,大鼠肾素及血管紧张素Ⅱ含量呈上升趋势;在酮浓度逐渐下降,统计学处理有显著性差异;（２）急进高海拔地区,醛固酮对血管紧张素Ⅱ的反应钝化,使醛固酮处于低水平状态。上述结果提示：急进高海拔地区,     

急进高海拔地区大鼠肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的功能对比性研究

为探讨急进高海拔地区机体对低压、低氧环境的适应机制,将海拔１０ｍ处的平原大鼠快速带至海拔２２６１ｍ再带入海拔３８００ｍ处,用放射免疫法测定大鼠血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮的浓度。结果发现：（１）随海拔高度递增,大鼠肾素及血管紧张素Ⅱ含量呈上升趋势,醛固酮浓度逐渐下降,统计学处理有显著性差异;（２）急进高海拔地区,醛固酮对血管紧张素Ⅱ的反应钝化,使醛固酮处于低水平状态。上述结果提示：急进高海拔地区,机体对水、电解质的调节会发生变化,这些变化有利于急性高原适应     

高温与电离辐射对胎鼠脑核酸,蛋白质的影响

为探索高温和电离辐射对胎脑的影响，用孕第９天小鼠给予４２℃和１．０Ｇｙ处理，孕第１８天取胎脑，测量ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ和蛋白质含量。结果表明，１．０Ｇｙ照射组、照射＋４２℃组对照组比，胎脑核酸和蛋白质有明显减少。４２℃＋照射组与４２℃组比，胎鼠脑核酸和蛋白质含量没有显著性变化。提示辐射可引起胎脑核酸、蛋白质含量减少，预先４２℃１０分钟处理孕鼠，随后再经较大剂量电离辐射的照射，胎仔表现出交叉适应性反应。     

反复低温暴露对大鼠血压影响机制的研究

[目的]通过观察低温暴露后大鼠血压的变化，探讨肾素-血管紧张素系统（renin-angiotensin system．RAS）在其中的作用。[方法]选择6-7周龄体重200-250g雄性SD大鼠18只，适应性饲养1周后随机分为对照组（25℃、相对湿度45％）、低温组（4℃、相对湿度45％）和低温高湿组（4℃、相对湿度80％），分别暴露于相应环境中4h/d，持续14d。每天监测大鼠体重、血压、心率的变化。实验暴露14d后，应用放射免疫分析法测定大鼠血浆和下丘脑血管紧张素Ⅱ（angiotensinⅡ，AngⅡ）水平，下丘脑肾素活性（renin activity，RA）以及血浆醛固酮（aldosterone，ALD）水平。[结果]实验暴露14d后，低温组和低温高湿组大鼠血压较对照组明显升高，且差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；低温组和低温高湿组下丘脑AngⅡ水平高于对照组，且差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。[结论]低温导致大鼠血压升高，可能与循环和脑RAS活性增强有关。     

急进高原环境人群血浆血管活性物质的变化

目的：探讨急进高原低氧环境,正常适应人群血浆肾素（ＰＲＡ）,血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＴ－Ⅱ）,醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）,心钠素（ＡＮＰ）的变化及其在高原适应中的生理意义。方法：以急进高原的健康人群为对象,年龄１８０－２１岁,均为男性。采用放射免疫法测定血浆ＰＲＡ,ＡＴⅡ,ＡＬＤ,ＡＮＰ浓度。结果：进驻高原后血浆ＰＲＡ,ＡＬＤ,ＡＮＰ浓度显著低于进驻高原前（统计结果分别为：ｔ＝３．０３０４,Ｐ〈０．０１,ｔ＝４．１     

急、慢性吸烟对大鼠肺代谢花生四烯酸血管紧张素及其血管反应性的影响

大鼠急性吸烟５ｍｉｎ及慢性吸烟３０天后，观察离体肺代谢外源性花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）、转化血管紧张素Ⅰ（ＡⅠ）及其血管反应性的变化．结果发现大鼠离体灌流肺吸烟５ｍｉｎ时注入ＡＡ，流出液中前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的代谢物６－酮－ＰＧＦ１ａ和血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）的代谢物ＴＸＢ２及肺动脉灌注压增值（★　ｐａ）与对照组无明显差异；注入ＡⅠ后，★Ｐｐａ低于对照组，而ＡⅠ转化为ＡⅡ的量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．吸烟３０天后的大鼠离体肺，同样注入ＡＡ或ＡⅠ时，★Ｐｐａ均无明显改变，而流出液中６－铜－ＰＧＦ１ａ和ＡⅡ的量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明吸烟可以改变肺的代谢功能，急性吸烟可降低肺对血管紧张素的反应性．     

缺氧下冻伤对大鼠血清血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶活性的影响

实验观察了在模拟海拔６０００ｍ缺氧冻伤对大鼠血清血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性的影响。大鼠血清ＡＣＥ活性以Ｕ（ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ－１·ｍｉｎ１）表示。致冻前，缺氧习服缺氧冻伤（ＦＨＡＣ）组和急性缺氧冻伤（ＦＡＨ）组大鼠血清ＡＣＥ活性分别为５０．０±５．８和６０．０±６．７Ｕ（Ｐ＞０．０５）明显低于平原冻伤（ＦＮ）组的７８．１±４．０Ｕ（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）；冻后４ｈ，ＦＡＨ组和ＦＨＡＣ组大鼠血清ＡＣＥ活性均呈现较冻前增高趋势；冻后２４ｈ，ＦＡＨ组与冻前无差异，而ＦＨＡＣ组冻后７２ｈ仍呈增长趋势。结果表明：单纯缺氧暴露可使大鼠血清ＡＣＥ活性降低，而缺氧复合冷损伤则使大鼠血清ＡＣＥ活性呈现增高趋势，提示可能有内皮细胞损伤，缺氧习服缺氧冻伤后内皮细胞损伤可能较重     

STUDIES ON THE CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY OF ETHANOL

Male subjects (n = 10) were given ethanol (0.75 g/kg) at fourequally spaced times in the 24 hr cycle (9 am, 3 pm, 9 pm, 3am) in random order. Blood ethanol concentrations were monitoredby breath analysis and measurements were made of the blood orplasma levels of ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, pyruvate, lactateand cortisol. Blood pressure, heart rate and body temperaturewere measured before and at 60 and 120 min after ethanol administrationand the effects of ethanol on a number of behavioural parametersand mood were studied. After ethanol ingestion, there was asignificant decrease in body temperature, systolic blood pressure,plasma cortisol and pyruvate levels, whilst acetate levels andthe lactate:pyruvate ratio were significantly increased. Standingsteadiness, critical flicker fusion threshold and divided attentiontracking control were significantly impaired under ethanol andself-report data indicated a significant decrease in alertness,co-ordination, concentration and attentiveness. Although a significantlyhigher peak blood ethanol concentration was attained at the9 am session, other time-of-day differences did not reach significanceand the pharmacokinetics of ethanol were essentially unchanged.Since the only significant diurnal variations in the responseto ethanol identified in this study (apart from the subjectiveresults) were for plasma cortisol concentrations and body temperature(both of which are well known to exhibit diurnal rhythmicity),it appears that major circadian variability in the metabolicand/or behavioural effects of ethanol is unlikely to occur.     

GENOTYPES OF ALDH2 RELATED TO LIVER AND PULMONARY DISEASES AND OTHER GENETIC FACTORS RELATED TO ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

Genetic factors related to the development of alcoholic liverand pancreatic diseases (ALD and APD) and of alcohol-inducedasthma were analyzed. The development of ALD is geneticallycontrolled and is directly associated with the polymorphismsof the genes of acetaldehyde (Ac-CHO) and ethanol-metabolizingenzymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and cytochrome P4502E1.The development of ALD and APD may also be genetically linkedwith the induction of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GTT) by alcohol.Alcohol-induced asthma is related to the genotypes of ALDH2and is caused by rapid elevation of blood Ac-CHO. ALDH1 playsa very important role in the oxidation of Ac CHO in blood.     

不同胎龄AGA儿脐血及足月AGA儿7天内血清T_3、T_4、TSH、胰岛素、皮质醇及生长激素水平

本文报告了32周以后不同胎龄适于胎龄(AGA)儿脐血及足月AGA儿7天内血清中T_3、T_4、TSH、胰岛素、皮质醉及生长激素的水平,推荐作为我国南方的正常参考值;并发现T_3、T_4及TSH水平随胎龄增加而上升,胰岛素则随胎龄增加而下降,皮质醇和生长激素水平在不同胎龄间无明显变化。足月AGA儿出生后,T_3、T_4、TSH和生长激素有一过性升高,晚岛素和皮质醉则出现下降。     

持续气道内正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者顽固性高血压疗效分析

目的：探讨持续气道内正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者顽固性高血压的临床疗效。方法：本研究将收治的重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并顽固性高血压患者采用持续气道内正压通气治疗,并比较治疗前后的PSG监测指标、睡眠血压、夜间血压、清晨血压、醛固酮（ALD）,血浆肾素活性（VRA）等。结果：40例患者在经过3个月的治疗后,其AHI、AI、HI、最低SpO2、平均SpO2、SpO2〈90％百分比等指标较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．05）。40例患者在经过CPAP治疗3个月后血压、血浆ALD浓度等指标均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论：持续气道内正压通气治疗可显著改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并顽固性高血压患者的血压并降低血浆ALD浓度,减轻其危害,值得临床推广使用。     

跳伞应激对空降兵物质代谢激素影响分析

采用放射免疫方法，探讨５０名空降兵在跳伞前、６８名跳伞后血浆皮质醇、生长激素、胰岛素、胰高血糖素等物质代谢激素的变化。结果发现，与跳伞前相比，血浆皮质醇呈增高趋势，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），胰高血糖素略为增加，但无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。这些结果提示跳伞期间空降兵处于高度应激状态，同时这些激素的变化为评价跳伞应激提供参考资料。     

Effects of dietary fat and endurance exercise on plasma cortisol, prostaglandin E2, interferon-gamma and lipid peroxides in runners

OBJECTIVE: Exercise and the neuroendocrine and oxidative stress it elicits on immune function is modulated by dietary fat intake. The effects of increasing dietary fat on endurance exercise-induced alterations 80% of VO2max for 2 hours) in the plasma levels of cortisol and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipid peroxides were investigated. As higher levels of cortisol, PGE2 and lipid peroxides could be immunosuppressive, the effects of different levels of dietary fat on these measures in runners were determined. METHODS: Healthy trained runners (males and females) consumed serially 15% fat diet (of daily energy), 30% fat diet and 40% fat diets for four weeks each. In the last week of each diet period the subjects ran to exhaustion at 80% of their VO2max and blood was drawn pre- and post-run. Cortisol, IFN-gamma, PGE2 and lipid peroxides were determined using standard techniques. RESULTS: Pre-exercise levels of plasma cortisol were elevated, IFN-gamma was unchanged and PGE2 and lipid peroxides decreased on the 40%F diet compared to 30%F and 15%F. Post-exercise levels of plasma cortisol (p < 0.004), PGE2 (p < 0.0057) and lipid peroxide levels increased (p < 0.0001) after endurance exercise on all diets. The rates of increase of plasma cortisol levels during exercise were similar on all three diets. Although absolute cortisol levels were higher in the high fat group, the rate of increase of plasma cortisol level during exercise was similar on each diet. The dietary fat levels did not affect IFN-gamma, however, PGE2 and lipid peroxides decreased with increasing fat at baseline at 40%F level (p < 0.01; 30%F vs. 40% F: p < 0.002; 15%F vs. 40%F: p < 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Data from the present study suggest that higher levels of fat in the diet, up to 40%, increase endurance running time without adverse effects on plasma cortisol, IFN-gamma, and lipid peroxide levels.     

锌对热暴露大鼠血浆与肝、肾上腺中锌、铜、铁含量的影响

目的：　测定热暴露大鼠血浆、肝、肾上腺 Ｚｎ 、 Ｃｕ 、 Ｆｅ 含量以探讨锌对热暴露动物某些微量元素的影响。方法：　４８ 只７ ～８ 周龄雄性 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠随机等分为高锌（ Ｈ Ｚ） 、中锌（ Ｍ Ｚ） 和低锌（ Ｌ Ｚ） 三组。每组大鼠再等分为两部分,一部分用于高温暴露,另一部分用于室温对照。每公斤高、中、低锌饲料锌含量测定值（ ｍ ｇ） 分别为９２ ．２ 、４５ ．６ 、２１ ．７ 。三组大鼠在室温下预饲相应饲料１４ｄ 后,将高温暴露大鼠转入高温室（ Ｔｄ Ｂ４０ ．５ ℃, Ｔｗ ｂ３０ ．８ ℃） 连续暴露３ｈ 后,即刻断头取样。用 Ａ Ａ Ｓ 火焰法测定样品中 Ｚｎ 、 Ｃｕ 、 Ｆｅ 含量。结果：　（１） 与室温对照值比,热暴露３ｈ 后,血浆 Ｚｎ 、 Ｆｅ 浓度下降, Ｃｕ 浓度升高,肝 Ｚｎ 和肾上腺 Ｃｕ 含量增加;（２） 在室温对照值之间, Ｈ Ｚ 组血浆锌浓度显著高于 Ｌ Ｚ 组;（３） 在热暴露值之间, Ｈ Ｚ 组肾上腺 Ｃｕ 含量显著或非常显著地高于 Ｍ Ｚ 组与 Ｌ Ｚ 组。结论：　（１） 补锌主要影响热应激大鼠体内微量元素 Ｚｎ与 Ｃｕ 的代谢或分布,而对 Ｆｅ 的影响较小;（２） 高锌（９２ ．２ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 饲料） 摄入可使热应激大鼠血浆 Ｚｎ 浓度升高、肾上腺     

缺锌大鼠对光电刺激的不同反应及相关机理的探讨

目的：研究缺锌对大鼠光和电敏感性的影响及其可能的机制。方法：以Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠建立缺锌模型，用避暗箱观察其对光和电的敏感性，并分别测定其脑组织５－羟色胺及外围血液中乙酰胆碱和皮质醇的含量。结果：缺锌使大鼠对光的敏感性明显降低，而对电的敏感性增强，同时其脑组织５－羟色胺及外周血液中乙酰胆碱和皮质醇含量升高。结论：上述神经递质和激素的变化可能是缺锌大鼠对光和电敏感性发生变化的机理。     

舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、芬太尼对全麻患者气管插管时心血管反应的影响

目的观察舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼、芬太尼全麻诱导期患者气管插管时心血管反应,以及血浆血管紧张素(AngⅡ)、肾素活性(PRA)和醛固酮(ALD)水平变化,了解这三种药物对全麻诱导期患者气管插管时心血管反应的影响,为临床上选择全麻诱导期患者气管插管用药提供临床依据。方法将60例择期全麻手术患者随机分为芬太尼组、瑞芬太尼组、舒芬太尼组,每组各20例,分别采用芬太尼、瑞芬太尼和舒芬太尼行麻醉诱导。于诱导前、插管后3min记录收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并同时抽取静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆血管紧张素(AngⅡ)、肾素活性(PRA)和醛固酮(ALD)水平。结果芬太尼组、瑞芬太尼组插管后3min的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR和插管前相比显著升高(p<0.05),舒芬太尼组插管后3min的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR和插管前相比无显著差异(p>0.05)。芬太尼组、瑞芬太尼组插管后3min的AngⅡ、PRA、ALD和插管前相比显著升高(p<0.05),舒芬太尼组插管后3min的AngⅡ、PRA、ALD和插管前相比无显著差异(p>0.05)。结论舒芬太尼抑制插管时应激反应的效果优于瑞芬太尼和芬太尼,瑞芬太尼和芬太尼抑制插管时应激反应的效果相当,舒芬太尼更有利于血流动力学和肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的稳定。     

Maternal body composition, offspring blood pressure and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

We tested the hypothesis that women who are thin or have poor pregnancy weight gain have offspring with higher blood pressure and examined whether this link is mediated by increased secretion of cortisol. We studied a cohort of 388 children born in Kingston, Jamaica. From hospital records we obtained information about their mother's body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy. At age 8.5 years we measured the children's fasting plasma cortisol concentrations and blood pressure and assessed their mother's anthropometry. There were no relationships between the mother's BMI or weight gain during pregnancy and offspring blood pressure. However, mothers with a greater subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness ratio (SSTR) had offspring with higher blood pressure (5.6 mmHg systolic and 3.7 mmHg diastolic increase per unit change in SSTR, P = 0.002 and P = 0.008 respectively). Fasting plasma cortisol concentrations correlated with the children's systolic (r = 0.33, P < 0.0001) and diastolic pressures (r = 0.12, P = 0.02) independently of age, gender, weight or socio-economic status and were also predicted by the mother's SSTR. These findings suggest that maternal truncal obesity rather than thinness is associated with raised blood pressure in the offspring, and that this link may be mediated by increased cortisol secretion.