14例脾修补及脾动脉结扎治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床观察

脾外伤时极易破裂出血，为了保留脾脏，我院在１９９４年９月至１９９７年１２月对１４例脾破裂患者行脾修补及脾动脉结扎术，取得良好效果。现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料男１１例，女３例，年龄１２～４７岁，平均３２岁，全部为外伤性脾破裂患者，脾损伤分级均...     

外伤性脾破裂41例非手术治疗体会

在腹部闭合性损伤中，脾破裂最为常见。传统的治疗方法为脾切除术。但随着现代医学的深入研究，发现脾脏具有重要的生理功能，因而探讨非手术治疗脾破裂已成为保留脾脏的一种重要措施。本文对我们１９９４年１月至１９９９年１月间非手术治疗４１例脾破裂的体会进行总结。１　临床资料１－１　一般资料本组共４１例，其中姜堰市中医院收治２８例；贵州铜仁地区武陵山心血管医院收治１３例。男３０例，女１１例。年龄１０～５０岁，平均３１岁。受伤至就诊时间３０分钟至３８小时不等，平均７小时。受伤原因为交通事故伤１６例，坠落伤１８例…     

外伤性脾破裂90例伤情和临床分析

在腹部闭合性损伤中，外伤性脾破裂颇为常见。其发生率占各种腹部损伤的２０％～４０％［１］，而其死亡率为１０％～２５％瞩。故对此类损伤及时诊断及正确处理尤为重要。本组收集１９９０～１９９６年间外伤性脾破裂９０例，对其致伤因素，伤情及临床特点进行回顾性分析，旨在提高对该病的诊断率。临床资料１．一般资料９０例中男性８２例，女性８例，年龄１６～６９岁，平均３８岁。８２例为真性脾破裂，占９１％；８例为延迟性脾破裂，占６％。９０例均行手术治疗并全部治愈。２．致伤因素交通事故伤４６例（５１．１％），其中汽车致伤…     

外伤性脾破裂的治疗体会

脾脏在闭合性腹部外伤中受伤率最高，约占整个腹部外伤的４５％犤１犦。本院于１９９２年至２０００年共收治外伤性脾破裂３２例，抢救体会如下。临床资料１．一般资料：本组男２６例，女６例。年龄：１１～６７岁，平均３２岁。均为闭合性损伤。致伤原因为：车祸１８例，斗殴８例，坠落伤６例。受伤至就诊时间：１～２４小时３０例，４８～７２小时２例。２．临床表现：全部患者均有不同程度腹痛，有腹膜刺激症２４例，休克１４例，左肩牵涉痛４例。３２例均行腹腔穿刺，阳性２２例，阳性率６８．８％。合并伤：颅脑损伤３例，肝破裂１例，…     

外伤性肝脾破裂48例报告

外伤性肝脾破裂是普外科常见的急腹症，及时诊断及正确处理十分重要。我院外科１９８８年２月至１９９５年１０月收治腹部闭合性损伤引起的肝脾破裂患者４８例，现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料本组病例中男３４例，女１４例，年龄６～６８岁，平均３５岁。其中肝破...     

腹部大血管损伤诊治探讨

腹部大血管损伤虽较少见，但病情十分危重，诊断、治疗困难，死亡率高达３４％～６１％犤１犦，值得重视。本院自１９９５年２月至１９９９年８月共收治７例，现将诊治体会报告如下。临床资料１．一般资料：本组７例，男６例，女１例；年龄１８～５０岁，平均３２．５岁。开放性损伤（刀刺伤）２例，闭合性损伤５例（坠落伤２例，车祸３例）。受伤至就诊时间１０～６０分钟。２．临床表现：全部病例均休克，１例入院时血压测不出，６例为１２～４／５．３２～１．３２kPa。开放性损伤１例肠管外露，伤口大量流血伴血尿，另１例伤口大量流血…     

闭合性腹部伤致输尿管中段破裂三例报告

闭合性腹部伤致输尿管中段破裂三例报告曹乐云，万春友，姬世岚，金鸿宾腹部钝伤致闭合性输尿管中段损伤罕见，我院收治３例，占同期泌尿系损伤病人的１．５％．报告如下．例１．男性，３０岁．重物砸伤后１６小时由外院转来．诊为急性创伤失血性休克，左侧血气胸伴连枷胸...     

肝损伤45例诊治体会

我院自１９８８年９月至１９９８年８月共收治肝损伤４５例,现将诊治体会报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料男３２例,女１３例,年龄１１～６９岁。开放性损伤１２例,闭合性损伤３３例。单纯性损伤１６例（３５．５％）,合并伤２９例（６４．５％）。其中后腹膜血肿...     

48例外伤性脾破裂围手术期处理体会

４８例外伤性脾破裂围手术期处理体会钱云，姚卫国我院外科１９８８年１月～１９９２年１２月共收治外伤性脾破裂４８例，现就其围手术期处理体会讨论如下。本组男３８例，女１０例。年龄９～６８岁。４７例系闭合性损伤，开放性损伤１例，多发伤７例，其中并肋骨骨折、后...     

十二指肠损伤24例临床分析

十二指肠损伤在腹腔脏器损伤中较少见，随着交通事故的增多，其发病率有增加的趋势。我院近１０年来收治十二指肠损伤２４例，报告如下。１．一般资料　本组２４例为１９８８年９月至１９９９年２月收治的住院患者。男２１例、女３例；年龄１０～６２岁。术前能作出诊断者６例（２５％），１８例（７５％）未能在术前诊断。２．十二指肠损伤的临床资料　本组腹部闭合性损伤１９例，其中撞伤１７例，挤压伤２例；腹部开放性损伤５例，其中刀刺伤３例，坠落伤２例。损伤部位：十二指肠球部与降部交界处３例，降部１２例，横部８例，升部１例。…     

Nonoperative management of blunt splenic trauma in the adult: a community hospital's experience

Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury has been infrequently selected for adults. Nonoperative management was initially utilized in seven adult patients (23%) with blunt splenic injury during a 6-year period. Two patients eventually failed nonoperative management and required surgical intervention. No morbidity or mortality has been recorded in the remaining five patients (16%) successfully followed after 32.6 months. No added morbidity was sustained by the two patients who failed nonoperative management during the delay of surgical intervention. Hospitalization was briefer in the nonoperative group. Our experience indicates that blunt splenic injury can be successfully nonoperatively managed in an adult population seen at a community hospital.     

Management of blunt splenic injury in patients with concurrent infectious mononucleosis

Selective nonoperative management is appropriate for most blunt splenic injuries in adults and children, but the efficacy of this approach is unknown when injury occurs in patients with concurrent infectious mononucleosis. We have reviewed our experience during the past 23 years with the selective nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in these patients. Medical record review identified nine patients with blunt splenic injury and infectious mononucleosis from 1978 to 2001, representing 3.3 per cent of our total trauma population with blunt splenic injury treated during that interval. Two patients underwent immediate splenectomy because of hemodynamic instability. Seven patients were admitted with the intent to treat nonoperatively. Five patients were successfully managed nonoperatively. Two patients failed nonoperative management and underwent splenectomy, one because of hemodynamic instability and one because of an infected splenic hematoma. Concurrent infectious mononucleosis does not preclude the successful nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury. This small subset of patients may be managed nonoperatively using the same criteria as for patients whose splenic injuries are not complicated by infectious mononucleosis.     

Nonoperative management of blunt splenic and hepatic trauma in the pediatric population: significant differences between adult and pediatric surgeons?

Although operative management was the preferred method of treating blunt abdominal trauma in the past, recent literature and practice recommend a nonsurgical approach to most pediatric splenic and hepatic injuries. The majority of data supporting the safety and efficacy of this nonoperative approach are derived from university trauma programs with a pediatric center where care was managed by pediatric surgeons only. To evaluate the applicability of this approach in a regional trauma center where pediatric patients are managed by pediatric and non-pediatric surgeons we reviewed the experience at a Level II community trauma center. Fifty-four children (16 years of age or less) were admitted between April 1992 and April 1998 after sustaining blunt traumatic splenic and/or hepatic injuries. There were 37 (69%) males and 17 (31%) females; the average age was 11 years (range 4 months to 16 years). Of the 54 patients 34 (63%) sustained splenic injuries, 17 (31%) sustained hepatic injuries, and three (6%) sustained both splenic and hepatic injuries. All of these injuries were diagnosed by CT scan or during laparotomy. The average Injury Severity Score was 14.9 with a range from four to 57. Of the 47 patients initially admitted for nonoperative management one patient failed nonoperative management and required operative intervention. In our study 98 per cent (46 of 47 patients) of pediatric patients were successfully managed nonoperatively. Complications of nonoperative management occurred in two patients. Both developed splenic pseudocysts after splenic injury, which required later operative repair. These data are comparable with those from university trauma programs and confirm that nonoperative management is safe in a community trauma center. The majority of children with blunt splenic and hepatic trauma can be successfully treated without surgery, in a regional trauma center treated by nonpediatric trauma surgeons, if the decision is based on careful initial evaluation, aggressive resuscitation, and close observation of their hemodynamic stability.     

钝性脾损伤非手术治疗探讨

目的 探讨钝性脾损伤非手术治疗的监测和治疗方法.方法 回顾分析2005年9月至2008年4月连续收治的95例钝性脾损伤患者中行非手术治疗的82例(86.3%)患者的临床资料.其中75例应用经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流、监测腹腔出血,38例行非术中自体血回输.全部病例随访3周～8个月.结果 82例非手术治疗全部成功,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ级钝性脾损伤34例、55岁以上者6例、损伤严重度评分≥16分者14例.37例腹腔出血量500 ml,引流腹腔血量30～2400 ml.38例回输自体血量共23 300 ml,平均613 ml.随访除脾介入术后并发脾假性囊肿1例外,无延迟出血、腹腔感染等并发症发生.结论 大多数血流动力学稳定的钝性脾损伤可通过非手术治疗治愈.运用经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流回收并监测腹腔出血及非术中自体血回输技术,可明显提高钝性脾损伤的非手术治疗率和成功率.     

Nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in adults 55 years and older: a twenty-year experience

The nonoperative management of splenic injury secondary to blunt trauma in older patients remains controversial. We have reviewed our experience from January 1978 to December 1997 with selective nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in adults 55 years and older. Criteria for nonoperative management included hemodynamic stability with any transient hypotension corrected using less than 2,000 cm3 crystalloid infusion, a negative abdominal physical examination ruling out associated injuries, and a blood transfusion requirement of no more than 2 units attributable to the splenic injury. During the study period, 18 patients over age 55 with radiographic confirmation of a splenic injury met the above criteria for nonoperative management. Their mean age was 72 years (range 56-86), and 13 of the 18 were female (72%). The mean Injury Severity Score was 15 (range 4-29), with the mechanism of injury equally divided between automobile crashes (9) and falls (9). During a similar time period, 15 patients 55 years or older with splenic injury composed an operative group; these patients did not differ with respect to age (mean 68 years), sex (60% female), or mechanism of injury. CT scans of 8 patients managed nonoperatively were available and graded using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma classification, with a mean score of 2.3 (range 2-3). Eight of the 18 nonsurgical patients received blood transfusions. None of the 18 patients who met the criteria for nonoperative management "failed" the protocol, and none were taken to the operating room for abdominal exploration. Two patients (11%) died of associated thoracic injuries after lengthy hospital stays, one at 10 days and one at 24 days. We conclude from our data that nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury in patients age 55 years and older is indicated provided they are hemodynamically stable, do not require significant blood transfusion, and have no other associated abdominal injuries.     

Nonoperative management of blunt splenic trauma in adults

The management of isolated blunt splenic trauma in adults is controversial. The authors present a series of 17 patients with blunt splenic trauma who were selected for nonoperative management. Only one patient eventually required surgery, for a ruptured spleen. Complications included pneumonia (two cases) and pleural effusion, atelectasis and ileus (one case each). There were no deaths. Five patients required transfusion, for a total of 17 units of blood. The mean length of hospital stay was 9.4 days. Comparison with a group of 17 patients treated operatively during the same period showed that those treated nonoperatively had fewer complications, required less blood and had a similar length of hospital stay. The authors conclude that nonoperative management of selected patients with isolated blunt splenic trauma is safe, if the patient's condition is closely monitored.     

Nonsurgical management of solid abdominal organ injury in patients over 55 years of age

Age greater than 55 is often stated to be a contraindication to nonoperative management of intraperitoneal solid organ injury, based upon failures in early experiences of nonoperative therapy. Refinements in the criteria for nonoperative management of hepatic and splenic injuries have yielded improved success rates compared with those in initial reports, raising questions as to the validity of an age-related contraindication. A retrospective chart review of patients more than 55 years of age sustaining blunt hepatic and/or splenic injury at two urban Level I trauma centers was performed. Patients were stratified into three groups in which selection criteria could not consistently be determined: those managed nonoperatively, those managed operatively, and those who died within 24 hours. The purpose of this review is to identify whether age is a determinant for nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injury. Eighty-eight patients were identified (mean age, 68.7 +/- 9.8), 17 of whom died in the emergency department or after operative intervention. Of the remaining 71 patients, 37 were originally managed nonoperatively (mean age 69.9 +/- 9.1, mean Injury Severity Score 19.9), 24 sustained hepatic injuries (grades I-IV), 12 sustained splenic injuries (grades I-III), and one patient sustained both organ injuries. Three patients with multisystem trauma died from complications unrelated to their solid organ injury (one brain death, one septic death, and one respiratory arrest). A single patient, with a grade I liver injury, required delayed exploration (for a persistent, unexplained metabolic acidosis) and underwent a nontherapeutic celiotomy. All but one of the 37 patients were successfully treated nonoperatively, for a 97 per cent success rate. We conclude that hemodynamically stable patients more than 55 years of age sustaining intra-abdominal injury can be observed safely. Age alone should no longer be considered an exclusion criterion for nonoperative management of intra-abdominal solid organ injury.     

Non-operative management of adult blunt splenic injuries

Objective:To investigate the indication of non-operative management of adult blunt splenic injuries. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all adult patients ( age > 15 years) with blunt splenic injuries admitted to the department of vascular surgery of Pellegrin hospital in France from 1999 to 2003. We managed splenic injuries non-operatively in all appropriate patients without regard to age. Results: During the 4 years, 54 consecutive adult patients with blunt splenic injuries were treated in the hospital. A total of 27 patients with stable hemodynamic status were treated non-operatively at first, of which 2 patients were failed to non-operative treatment. The successful percentage of non-operative management was 92.6%. In the 54 patients, 7 of 8 patients older than 55 years were treated with non-operative management. Two cases developing postoperatively subphrenic infection were healed by proper treatment. In the series, there was no death. Conclusions: Non-operative management of low-grade splenic injuries can be accomplished with an acceptable low-failure rate. If the clinical and laboratory parameters difficult for surgeons to make decisions, they can depend on Resciniti' s CT ( computed tomography) scoring system to select a subset of adults with splenic trauma who are excellent candidates for a trial of nonoperative management. The patients older than 55 years are not absolutely inhibited to receive non-operative management.     

A statewide, population-based time-series analysis of the increasing frequency of nonoperative management of abdominal solid organ injury.

Emergency operative intervention has been one of the cornerstones of the care of the injured patient. Over the past several years, nonoperative management has increasing been recommended for the care of selected blunt abdominal solid organ injuries. The purpose of this study was to utilize a large statewide, population-based data set to perform a time-series analysis of the practice of physicians caring for blunt solid organ injury of the abdomen. The study was designed to assess the changing frequency and the outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatments for blunt hepatic and splenic injuries. METHODS: Data were obtained from the state hospital discharge data base, which tracks information on all hospitalized patients from each of the 157 hospitals in the state of North Carolina. All trauma patients who had sustained injury to a solid abdominal organ (kidney, liver, or spleen) were selected for initial analysis. RESULTS: During the 5 years of the study, 210,256 trauma patients were admitted to the state's hospitals (42,051 +/- 7802 per year). The frequency of nonoperative interventions for hepatic and splenic injuries increased over the period studied. The frequency of nonoperative management of hepatic injuries increased from 55% in 1988 to 79% in 1992 in patients with hepatic injuries and from 34% to 46% in patients with splenic injuries. The rate of nonoperative management of hepatic injuries increased from 54% to 64% in nontrauma centers compared with an increase from 56% to 74% in trauma centers (p = 0.01). In patients with splenic injuries, the rate of nonoperative management increased from 35% to 44% in nontrauma centers compared with an increase from 33% to 49% in trauma centers (p < 0.05). The rate of nonoperative management was associated with the organ injury severity, ranging from 90% for minor injuries to 19%-40% for severe injuries. Finally, in an attempt to compare blood use in operatively and nonoperatively treated patients, the total charges for blood were compared in the two groups. When compared, based on organ injury severity, the total blood used, as measured by charges, was lower for nonoperatively treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: This large, statewide, population-based time-series analysis shows that the management of blunt injury of solid abdominal organs has changed over time. The incidence of nonoperative management for both hepatic and splenic injuries has increased. The study indicates that the rates of nonoperative management vary in relation to the severity of the organ injury. The rates increase in nonoperative management were greater in trauma centers than in nontrauma centers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this newer approach to the care of blunt injury of solid abdominal organs is being led by the state's trauma centers.     

A comparison between operative and nonoperative management of blunt injuries to the liver and spleen in adult and pediatric patients

Nonoperative management of blunt trauma involving the liver and spleen has been accepted in stable pediatric patients but has been controversial in adult patients. The purpose of this study was to compare nonoperative management of blunt liver and spleen injuries in adult patients with a similar group of adult patients treated operatively and with a group of pediatric patients treated nonoperatively. A 5-year retrospective study was carried out on all hemodynamically stable patients who came to our institution with blunt abdominal trauma. There were 20 adults treated operatively (group I), 25 adults treated nonoperatively (group II), and 34 pediatric patients treated nonoperatively (group III). The mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score for group I was 5.1; group II, 3.1; and group III, 7.9. Delayed splenectomy was required in four adult patients in group I and in one patient in group III. There were no deaths. The mean total blood requirement was 6.0 units for group I, 2.8 units for group II, and 1.7 units for group III. The average hospital stay was 19.1 days for group I, 12.6 days for group II, and 9.2 days for group III. These data suggest that the outcome of adult patients whose blunt liver and spleen injuries are managed nonoperatively is comparable with that of pediatric patients treated nonoperatively and is as good as that of adults undergoing early laparotomy.