B超引导经皮肝穿刺射频治疗肝癌

目的：探讨B超引导经皮肝穿刺射频（PRFA）治疗肝癌的价值。方法：1999年10月－2000年3月对70例肝癌患者进行了B超引导PRFA治疗,并于治疗后每个月进行肿瘤标记物和B超检查,治疗后1个月复查MRI或CT。结果：患者肝功能分级Child A级53例,B级15例,C级2例,原发性肝癌53例,继发性肝癌17例,原发性小肝癌（小于等于5cm,未手术）21例,其中AFP阳性17例,PRFA术后转阴12例,明显降低4例,未降低1例。MRI显示肿癌完全凝固性坏死16例,根治率76．2％,小肝 癌各组PRFA术后3,6个月生存率均为90．5％－100％,大肝癌各组术后3,6个月生存率分别为66．7％－72．7％和27．6％－72．7％,结论：射频作为肿瘤透热治疗的一种方法,对于肝癌尤其是无手术指征,或有手术指征但位于肝中央区,临近腔静脉或肝门区的小肝癌,PRFA具有微创,时间短,安全方便,疗效可靠,对于大肝癌,PRFA可与肝动脉介入化疗栓塞联合应用,以提高疗效。     

术中B超在肝癌手术中的价值

我院从１９９２年３月至１９９７年１２月在７３例肝癌手术中应用了术中Ｂ超检查，有关情况报告如下。临床资料本组７３例肝癌，均经手术和病理检查证实。其中男性６９例，女性４例，平均年龄４７（２９～６５）岁。原发性肝细胞癌６９例，肝内胆管癌２例，转移性肝癌和肝脏恶性淋巴瘤各１例，肿瘤直径小于ｓｃｆｎ者１２例，５～１０ｃｍ者９例，大于１０ｃｍ者５２例。原发性肝细胞癌合并肝硬化９３％（６８／７３），乙肝病毒标志物阳性９７％（７１／７３），ＡＴｈ阳性８４％（６２／７３）。术中采用日本ＡｌｌＨＮＳ５ｌＪ－５００型…     

术中B超在肝癌全方位深部冷冻中的运用

我院1988年5月至1996年12月使用自制的全方位肝癌冷冻机对肝癌进行深部冷冻治疗,由于术中B超的使用及其他技术的改进,避免了术后胆瘘及肝表面出血,报道如下。临床资料一、一般资料：本组51例,均为中晚期肝癌。25例仅行全方位冷冻治疗,26例在行冷冻治疗的同时行术中B超监测。二、方法：手术在气管插管全麻下进行,手术切口同肝叶切除术,游离肝附着韧带,探查肝癌肿块及肝外情况。使用5－MHU术中探头（Siemans）检查肝脏及癌肿情况,确定癌肿范围及与大的血管、胆管之间的关系。B超引导下避开胆管及血管,分别向癌肿内刺入多个冷冻针…     

中央型微小肝癌术中B型超声引导肝切除术

中央型微小肝癌是由于癌灶小（直径＜２ｃｍ）且位置深在,术中肉眼或手触摸难以发现,给手术切除癌灶带来诸多困难。应用术中Ｂ型超声,对中央型微小肝癌癌灶的定位及指导切肝范围具有重大意义。我院自１９９１年８月至１９９８年９月手术切除中央型微小肝癌２３例,取得...     

术中B超检测肝内结石的作用

评估术中超声在肝内结石手术中的应用。方法:200例肝内结石病人行术中B超检查(IOUS),以确定结石部位、分布,显示狭窄与扩张的部位,决定手术方式。待认为结石取净后,再行IOUS,如发现残石,再行B超引导下取石,直到结石取净或小残石无法取出。结果:本组行不同方式的肝叶切除99例,胆肠吻合82例,单纯“T”管引流98例,术毕残石率为20％,术后胆镜取净结石12例,自行排出6例,出院时残石率11％。结论:IOUS显示肝内结石清晰,定位准确,无损伤,术中可反复使用,可显示隐蔽结石、异位肝管内结石和易被忽视的尾叶结石。     

术中B超引导下的肝内结石手术

182例肝内结石病人行术中B超检查(IOUS)，以确定结石部位、分布，显示狭窄与扩张的部位，决定手术方式。待认为结石取净后，再行IOUS,了解有无残石，如发现结石，再行B超引导下取石，直到结石取净或小残石无法取出。本组行不同方式的肝叶切除87例，胆肠吻合术82例．单纯“T”管引流术98例，术毕残石率2087％，术后胆镜取净结石11例，自行排出5例，出院时残石率1208％。IOUS显示肝内结石清晰，定位准确，无损伤，术中可反复使用，可显示隐蔽的结石、异位结石和易被忽视的尾叶结石。     

肝内胆管结石应用术中B超的价值

自１９９１年１０月～１９９２年１１月，作者应用术中Ｂ超指导肝内胆管结石的治疗４５例。其中指导硬质胆镜取石３０例；肝切除术１１例；肝实质切开取石４例。本文对其在肝内胆管结石治疗中的实用价值进行了讨论。     

B超普通探头引导肝穿刺无水酒精注射治疗肝癌1500例

报道１９８９年４月至１９９８年３月利用Ｂ超普通探头引导经皮肝穿刺瘤内注射无不酒精治疗原发性,转移性肝癌１５００例,共注射１０５４７次,治疗结果：〈３ｃｍ和３－５ｃｍ直径肝癌患者的１年及３年的生存率分别为１００％,８１％和９２％,４８．９％,未发生严重并发症。该方法具有操作简便,适应证广,副作用少,疗效较好,经济负担少,患者地接受等特点。     

术中胆镜及B超在肝内胆管结石诊治中的应用

目的　探讨术中胆镜及B超在肝内胆管结石诊治中的价值。　方法　术中采用纤维胆道镜及B超检查对常规器械取石后的肝内胆管进行残余结石的判断 ,并在纤维胆道镜及B超指示下取出残石。　结果　 4 7例肝内胆管结石应用术中常规器械取石后的残石率为 2 9 8% (1 4 / 4 7) ,经纤维胆道镜检查取石后的残石率下降到 1 0 6 % (5 / 4 7) (χ2 =5 2 6 7,P <0 0 5 ) ,经B超检查及取石后残石率为 4 7% (1 / 2 1 ) (P <0 0 5 )。　结论　术中应用纤维胆道镜及B超检查能有效降低肝内胆管结石手术的残石率     

Equine sperm nuclei with different ploidy levels: relationship between the nuclear DNA content and the nuclear area

The aims of this study were to estimate the ability of the Feulgen reaction to identify equine sperm nuclei with different ploidy levels, to determine the frequency of haploid, diploid and polyploid sperm nuclei in the semen of fertile equines and to evaluate the relationship between the nuclear DNA content and the nuclear area. Determination of the ploidy level of Feulgen-stained spermatozoa using a scanning microspectrophotometer was very similar to the subjective estimations made with a light microscope. This indicates that the Feulgen reaction is a simple, inexpensive and reliable technique to recognise the ploidy level of equine spermatozoa. The incidence of diploid and polyploid spermatozoa, determined with a light microscope in 11 fertile equines, was 0.17 ± 0.08% and 0.027 ± 0.027% respectively. DNA content values obtained by microspectrophotometry in the only equine that presented polyploid spermatozoa allowed us to discriminate between haploid, diploid and polyploid subpopulations. Measurement of the nuclear area discriminated only two subpopulations: one including the haploid and diploid subpopulations and the other including the polyploid one. The similarity between the area of the haploid and diploid sperm nuclei suggests that the increase in DNA content is anisotropic, with a privileged direction of growth perpendicular to the nuclear flattening plane.     

DNA甲基转移酶的作用及甲基化在肿瘤发生中的作用

表遗传学(epigenetics)调节与肿瘤相关基因的转录调控密切相关.DNA甲基化就是基因表遗传学调节的重要机制之一.DNA异常甲基化与肿瘤的发生和演进关系密切,而DNA甲基化是由DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)催化发生并维持的.因此,深入研究DNA甲基转移酶的作用对认识异常甲基化的发生以及异常甲基化在肿瘤的发生和演变中的作用有着重要意义.     

DNA甲基化与胃癌抑癌基因研究进展

DNA甲基化是基因表达调控的一种方式,抑癌基因启动子高甲基化可以使其表达失活,最后导致肿瘤发生。胃癌的发生与多基因异常表达密切相关,其中抑癌基因甲基化是胃癌发生、发展的重要机制之一。     

DNA content of Ovis musimon spermatozoa

To our knowledge, the value of the haploid DNA content (C-value) of Ovis musimon (mouflon) has not been previously published. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to determine the C-value and the nuclear area of O. musimon sperm cells and compare both parameters with those of Ovis aries. Feulgen reaction, which is specific and stoichiometric for DNA, was carried out on semen smears. The C-value and sperm nuclear area were determined using microspectrophotometry and Gallus domesticus erythrocytes as standard species. The C-value of O. musimon was 3.02 ± 0.04 pg, and the sperm nuclear area was 23.92 ± 0.89 μm(2). The C-value and the sperm nuclear area of O. aries were 3.07 ± 0.03 pg and 22.98 ± 0.86 μm(2) respectively. The O. musimon C-value was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of O. aries, indicating that both species may have a very close phylogenetic relation.     

肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的探讨肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓手术治疗的安全性及效果。方法回顾2007年1月至2011年12月之间71例肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者,行手术切除加门静脉取栓术的病例资料,分析手术治疗安全性及效果。结果71例肝癌门静脉癌栓患者术后平均住院天数为25．2d（11～60d）,平均手术时间230min（95-420min）,平均失血量和输血量分别为740ml（100-3500ml）和420ml（0-4600m1）,平均肝门阻断时间为8．7min（0-35min）,术后的平均生存期为15．3个月,1年生存率为51．7％,2年生存率为34．5％,3年生存率为6．9％。全组术后发生并发症13例,均治愈,无围术期死亡患者。结论肝癌伴门静脉癌栓患者行肝癌切除和门静脉取栓是安全的,可明显延长患者的生存期。     

Mucin-producing pancreatic tumors: A study of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry

Nuclear DNA content in eight surgically resected mucin-producing pancreatic tumors (MPPT) consisting of two mucinous intraductal adenocarcinomas (MIDAC), two mucinous intraductal adenomas (MIDA), one mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCAC), and three mucinous cystadenomas (MCA) were measured by flow cytometry using paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The technique of Shutte was used for the preparation of paraffin-embedded tissue into single dissociated nuclei, while the method of Vindelov was used for staining the isolated nuclei with propidium iodine. Clinicopathologically, the four patients with MIDAC or MIDA were all male and had cystic lesions with a dilated pancreatic duct at the head of the pancreas, while the four patients with MCAC or MCA were all females and had cystic tumors at either the body or tail of the pancreas. All eight patients with MPPT had no metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and were all still alive without recurrence. In an analysis of nuclear DNA content, seven of eight patients had DNA diploid tumors while one patient with a MIDAC perforating the duodenum and choledochus had a DNA aneuploid tumor. Thus, these findings suggest that DNA diploid patterns in MPPT might be associated with a favorable prognosis in MPPT although some patients whose MPPT invaded the surrounding organs might have DNA aneuploid tumors.     

Cellular DNA content and histopathological analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma with multiple nodules

Multiple tumors within the liver are a characteristic feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigated alterations in the histologic type and DNA content of multiple nodules of HCC. Both a pathologic examination and flow cytometric DNA analysis were performed on 49 resected specimens of multinodular HCC. The results showed that 35 cases had multiple metastatic satellite nodules around the main tumor (group 1), while 14 had two solitary nodules in different segments without satellite nodules (group 2). In group 1, 28 out of 35 (80.0%) showed a single DNA index while 7 (20.0%) revealed two different DNA contents in the main tumor. The histological type, cytological grade, and DNA index were equivalent between the main and satellite tumors in 100%, 88.6%, and 97.1% of the cases, respectively. In group 2, all tumors showed a single histological type, cytological grade, and DNA index in each nodule. The histological type was identical in 85.7% of the pairs of nodules, but the cytological grade and DNA index were different in 42.9% and 85.7%, respectively. The patients in group 2 showed a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than that in group I (64.8%vs 27.2%,P<0.05). This study thus indicates that the cytological grade and DNA content are useful in distinguishing multicentric occurrence from intrahepatic metastasis in HCC.     

Application of circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer

Precision medicine has been well recognized since it was proposed, and the invention of liquid biopsy meets the needs of this era. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), one of the most promising components of liquid biopsies, has quickly become the focus of research in recent years because of its unique advantages in clinical application. This article reviews the clinical application of ctDNA in breast cancer detection in recent years and its potential clinical value.