黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎误诊为胆囊癌十例分析

目的 分析黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC）误诊为胆囊癌的原因.方法 分析我院1996-2005年间确诊为黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的33例的临床资料,其中10例在术前和术中误诊为胆囊癌.结果 10例患者中B超和CT均诊断为胆囊癌5例,慢性胆囊炎1例;B超诊断为胆囊癌而CT诊断为慢性胆囊炎2例;B超诊断为慢性胆囊炎而CT诊断为胆囊癌2例;术中均见有胆囊壁增厚,胆囊与肝、大网膜等周围组织粘连.3例行胆囊切除＋肝部分切除术,6例行胆囊切除＋肝部分切除术＋肝十二指肠韧带清扫术,1例行部分胆囊切除＋胆囊空肠吻合＋横结肠部分切除.术后病理为黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎.结论 黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎影像学表现和肉眼所见易误诊为胆囊癌.确诊需依赖病理检查.术中冰冻组织学检查有助于明确病变性质.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的临床诊断与治疗

提高黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（ｘａｎｔｈｏｇｒａｎｕｌｏｍａｔｏｕｓｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｉｔｉｓ，ＸＧＣ）的诊治水平。方法回顾性总结１９９８年１月至１９９７年１月本院经病理诊断的３８例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的临床资料。结果３８例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎占同期１５８３例胆囊切除术的２．４％，术前均未作出明确诊断３８例均有右上腹疼痛史，其中３１例有压痛，８例扪及肿大胆囊，１０例有不同程度的恶心，呕吐，黄疸及３８例均有右     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎78例临床分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatouscholecystitis,XGC）的病因、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析1985年1月至2012年12月78例经病理确诊的XGC患者的临床资料。结果78例患者均行B超检查,其中50例同时行CT检查,术前诊断：慢性结石性胆囊炎60例,胆囊癌伴胆囊结石8例,胆囊占位性病变10例。术前诊断胆囊结石的68例中胆囊颈结石并嵌顿者达67例,占98．5％,由于胆汁淤积、渗入破损的胆囊壁,可引起XGC的发生。78例均行手术治疗：胆囊切除术48例,胆囊部分切除或大部切除术13例,胆囊切除加肝脏部分楔形切除术12例,胆囊与周围粘连成块状误诊为胆囊癌行肝脏部分切除术5例;其中合并胆总管结石17例同时行胆总管切开取石术;损伤肝总管2例同时行胆管空肠Roux—en—Y形吻合术。78例手术或易或难,可顺利完成,无严重并发症。结论XGC是一种特殊类型慢性胆囊炎,并伴黄色肉芽肿形成。术前诊断困难,术中快速冷冻或术后石蜡切片病理检查是诊断的关键手段。     

术前误诊为胆囊癌的黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎诊治分析

目的 探讨术前误诊为胆囊癌（GBC）的黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的诊断和治疗方式。方法回顾并收集2014年3月至2021年8月浙江省人民医院经病理科诊断为XGC且术前临床诊断为GBC的12例患者临床表现、实验室检查和影像学检查。结果 11例患者（91.7%）行腹腔镜手术,其中2例（16.7%）中转开腹;1例患者直接行开腹手术。手术方式：3例行单纯胆囊切除术;3例胆囊切除+肝脏部分切除;3例胆囊切除术+横结肠内瘘修补术;3例胆囊切除术+胆总管探查术+T管引流。病理检查示：所有患者术中见胆囊壁局部增厚伴肿大;10例（83.3%）胆囊与周围组织粘连明显;4例（33.3%）肝门区淋巴结增大。术后1例患者出现切口感染,1例患者腹腔积液伴感染,均无远期并发症。结论 XGC是一种胆囊良性疾病,但极易误诊为GBC,术前的准确诊断具有挑战性。因此,临床医师、放射科医师在考虑诊断GBC时应考虑XGC的可能性,当怀疑为XGC时应尽早进行手术治疗。腹腔镜腹部探查和术中冰冻检查可有效避免GBC误诊和漏诊。     

胆囊壁增厚型黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎11例诊治经验

胆囊壁明显增厚的黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎影像学表现和术中所见与进展期胆囊癌非常相似,易误诊为胆囊癌而错误实施不必要的扩大性根治手术.本组回顾性分析11例胆囊壁明显增厚的黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,探讨其临床病理特点.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的临床诊断及治疗

回顾性分析近5年来收治的9例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）患者的临床资料。术前 B超检查9例，CT检查4例，MRI检查3例，ERCP检查1例，但均误诊。术中冷冻病理确诊7例，另2例诊断为急性胆囊炎。术后石蜡病理确诊9例。5例行胆囊切除术，1例行胆囊切除加胆总管探查T管引流术，1例行胆囊大部切除加十二指肠瘘修补术，2例行胆囊切除加胆囊床部肝组织切除。术后并发胆瘘1例，切口感染1例。全组无死亡病例。笔者体会：术中冷冻切片检查和术后病理检查是XGC诊断的关键，施行以切除胆囊为主的手术治疗。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治探讨

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的诊断与治疗。方法回顾17例XGC的临床资料。结果术前B超检查17例,反复CT检查6例,均未能明确诊断,全部病例均术后病理确诊。手术方式：12例行胆囊切除术,2例行胆囊大部切除术,3例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除术和肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫术,17例均治俞。结论XGC是一种少见的特殊型的慢性胆囊炎,影像学检查易与胆囊癌混淆,确诊依赖病理检查,手术切除是早期诊断治疗的的最佳方法。术中冰冻切片病理检查,避免手术盲目扩大化。     

经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流在老年急性胆囊炎病人中的应用

目的总结经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流（ＰＴＧＣＤ）对老年急性胆囊炎的治疗经验。方法回顾性地分析１９９２年１月至１９９６年１２月期间接受ＰＩＧＣＤ治疗的１１例老年急性胆囊炎病人的临床资料。结果接受ＰＴＧＣＤ治疗的老年病人１１例,男６例,女５例,年龄６０－８０岁。Ｂ超检查显示所有病人胆囊壁增厚,胆囊增大,其中９例有胆囊结石。超声引导下ＰＴＧＣＤ后２４～４８小所有病人临床症状迅速缓解,未发生与穿刺操作有关的并发症。２例病人于置管后的第３和第５天导管移位脱出,但未发生胆汁性腹膜炎,因症状消失而出院。４例病人于ＰＴＧＣＤ后１—３个月行择期胆囊切除,３例院外死于与胆道无关疾病,其余病人保持无症状。结论ＰＴＧＣＤ可作为治疗老年急性胆囊炎的一项简便、安全、有效的方法。     

MRI鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊癌的临床价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊癌的临床价值。方法回顾性分析四川省人民医院经术后病理确诊的7例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎患者和13例胆囊癌患者的MRI图像资料并进行对照研究。观察的主要内容包括:1胆囊壁最大厚度;2胆囊壁是弥漫性增厚或局限性增厚;3胆囊壁强化方式(均匀或不均匀);4胆囊壁"夹心饼干"样强化;5胆囊壁内结节;6胆囊壁黏膜线完整情况;7胆管有无梗阻;8胆囊或胆囊管内有无结石;9邻近肝脏是否受侵;10周围脂肪间隙是否清楚;周围淋巴结有无肿大。结果黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊癌的胆囊壁"夹心饼干"样强化、胆囊壁内有无结节、胆囊壁黏膜线完整情况、胆管梗阻及淋巴结肿大的影像特征比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而二者的胆囊壁最大厚度、胆囊壁增厚类型、胆囊壁强化方式、有无胆囊或胆管结石、邻近肝脏浸润、周围脂肪间隙是否清楚的影像特征比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MRI检查对鉴别诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊癌具有重要价值。     

术中冰冻检查在诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎中的作用

目的探讨术中冰冻切片检查在诊断黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranu lom atous cholecystitis,XGC)中的作用。方法统计我院10年间确诊XGC的33例病例,其中9例行术中冰冻切片检查。结果9例患者术前均行B超及CT检查,术前诊断为慢性结石性胆囊炎3例,胆囊癌5例,胆囊占位1例。所有患者的术中所见均有胆囊壁明显增厚,胆囊与肝脏胆囊床面、大网膜等周围组织明显粘连。行术中冰冻切片检查后,快速病理回报提示,3例明确诊断XGC,4例为慢性胆囊炎性病变,2例提示胆囊壁蜂窝组织炎样改变。4例行胆囊切除术,4例行部分胆囊切除术,1例行胆囊癌根治术。术后病理均诊断为XGC。结论XGC是一种特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎性病变,在临床上非常少见。胆囊慢性炎症使胆囊壁增厚,并与肝脏或临近组织粘连浸润,影像学上和大体上易误诊为胆囊癌。确诊XGC需依赖病理检查。术中冰冻切片检查可明确病变性质,排除胆囊恶性病变,对手术方式的选择有直接影响,避免了术中盲目扩大切除的可能。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治(附22例报告)

目的　探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎 (XGC)的诊断和治疗。方法　对我院 1 990年 2月 -2 0 0 0年 3月间收治的 2 2例XGC作回顾性分析。结果　XGC占同期胆囊标本的 1 .4% (2 2 1 5 2 3 )。临床表现与一般胆囊炎类似 ,B超示胆囊壁不规则隆起或增厚 7例 ,CT检查 5例怀疑为胆囊癌 ,肿瘤标志物检查 1例铁蛋白 (SF)轻度升高 ;伴黄疸 4例中 1例合并胆总管结石 ,1例合并胰头癌。术前全部误诊。术中冰冻切片检查 1 0例 ,4例确诊为XGC ,其余为术后病理诊断。行胆囊大部切除术 2例 ,胆囊切除加肝边缘不规则切除术 2例 ,其余行单纯胆囊切除。全部治愈。结论　XGC是一种特殊类型的胆囊炎 ,临床表现不典型 ,易与胆囊癌相混淆 ,术前难于诊断。组织病理学检查是确诊的重要手段。胆囊切除是常用的术式 ,不能排除胆囊癌时应扩大手术范围。本病预后良好     

Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: 15 Years’ Experience

The demographic and clinical aspects of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) over a period of 15 years are reviewed. The review entailed examining 12,426 clinical files of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy, including 182 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of XGC. Altogether, 1.46% of the cholecystectomies performed were done on patients with a diagnosis of XGC. XGC presented in patients over the age of 32, with a male/female ratio of 2:1. Thickening of the gallbladder wall, seen on ultrasonography and computed tomography scans, was demonstrated in 100% of the cases. A total of 17% of the cases presented in acute form. Obstructive jaundice was observed in 23% of the patients, 11 of which cases were associated with choledocholithiasis (30% of these patients had jaundice) and the rest with extrinsic obstruction of the bile tract (Mirizzi syndrome). XGC was associated with lithiasis in 85% of the cases. A malignant lesion was suspected during operation in 30% of the cases, requiring histopathologic examination during surgery. Carcinomatous lesions were found in 3% of the cases. Surgical difficulty was reported in 65% of the cases, resulting in the performance of partial cholecystectomy in 35%. XGC is an infrequent form of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, the clinical presentation of which is similar to that of cholecystitis; given the thickening of the gallbladder wall, it makes cholecystectomy difficult. As XGC may resemble adenocarcinoma, differentiation is essential by means of intraoperative histologic examination to ensure optimal surgical treatment.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治探讨

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的(XGC)的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾10例XGC的临床资料。结果 B超检查10例，CT、检查3例，术前全部误诊，术后病检确诊10例。9例行胆囊切除，1例行胆囊大部切除，其中2例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除并肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫，1例加胃大部切除。9例治愈，1例死亡。结论 XGC是一种少见特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎，影像学检查易与胆囊癌混淆，确诊依赖病理检查，手术切除胆囊是早期诊断治疗的最佳途径。术中冰冻切片病检．避免手术盲目扩大化。     

��ɫ��ѿ���Ե������뵨�Ұ��ļ�����ϼ����о���

??Differential diagnosis and management strategies of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma WANG Guang-yi, SUN Xiao-dong, QIU Wei.Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Corresponding author: WANG Guang-yi, E-mail??wgymd@
sina.com
Abstract Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare type of cholecystitis, and the etiopathogenesis of XGC is not fully understood. It is difficult to differentiate XGC from gallbladder carcinoma by symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings because of uneven thickening gallbladder wall and severe adhesions with surrounding organs, especially in some cases associated with gallbladder carcinoma. Preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis rate is poor. Preoperative and intraoperative fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen pathology is important to the intraoperative surgical management. Because of a high conversion rate (laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy) and incidence of complications with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open surgery is suggested. The appropriate surgical procedures should be performed according to intraoperative frozen pathology results.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊结石的关系

目的研究黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）与胆囊结石的关系，探讨胆囊结石在XGC发病中的作用。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2005年12月33例经病理确诊为XGC的临床资料。结果33例均行B超检查，其中20例行CT检查。全部行手术治疗。术中发现合并胆囊结石32例，单发胆囊结石ll例，多发胆囊结石21例。26例胆囊结石直径≥1．0cm；20例结石位于胆囊颈部，占所有合并胆囊结石病例的62．5％。此外，5例合并胆总管结石，3例合并Mirizzi综合征，无一例合并肝内胆管结石。结论XGC是一种特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎症，伴有黄色肉芽肿形成，重度增生性纤维化，以及泡沫状组织细胞为特征，临床上非常少见，术前诊断困难。需依赖病理检查确诊。几乎所有的XGC均合并胆囊结石。胆囊结石会引起胆汁淤积，使胆汁渗入破损的胆囊壁，从而可能引起XGC的发生。胆囊颈部结石嵌顿很可能在XGC的发病中起着重要作用。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊癌的鉴别诊断及术中决策

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎是一种少见类型的胆囊炎,发病机制尚未完全清楚。因其胆囊壁弥漫性不均匀增厚及向周围器官浸润等特点而与胆囊癌难以鉴别,其病史体征、肿瘤标记物及影像学特点均不典型,加之部分病例合并有胆囊癌,术前难以做出确定性诊断。术前和术中细针穿刺冰冻病理学检查的诊断率相对较高,对手术方式选择有重要参考意义。因腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术中中转开腹率及并发症发生率很高,故临床多选择开腹胆囊切除术,依术中所见及冰冻病理学检查结果选择恰当的术式。     

Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: Analysis of 108 Patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) and the results of surgical treatment. This retrospective study concerns clinical, radiological, and surgical data as well as histopathological findings and postoperative results of 108 patients with XGC who were identified after evaluating 7916 cholecystectomy specimens between 2004 and 2014 in a single institute. One hundred eight patients with XGC were evaluated (56 males and 52 females, mean age 62.3 years). Clinical findings at referral included acute and chronic cholecystitis, Mirizzi’s syndrome, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis. Ultrasound was performed in all patients, CT in 25, contrast-enhanced MRI in 29, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in 25 patients. None of the patients were diagnosed preoperatively, but mild-moderate degrees of wall thickening were present in most. Fifty-four patients received open cholecystectomy, while 54 received laparoscopic intervention, among whom 23 were converted to open. Partial cholecystectomy was performed in 11 patients. Two patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma were treated with radical cholecystectomy. XGC has nonspecific clinical and radiological findings; thus, preoperative diagnosis is generally absent. Open cholecystectomy is the recommended treatment modality. Conversion to open is frequently necessary after laparoscopy. Complete cholecystectomy is the ultimate goal; however, partial cholecystectomy may be preferred to protect the structures of the hepatic hilum.     

Mirizzi syndrome caused by xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Report of a case

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. In severe cases, inflammation extends to adjacent structures, and XGC is sometimes confused with a malignant neoplasm. We recently diagnosed XGC as the preoperative cause of Mirizzi syndrome in a patient based on the clinical course. The patient was admitted because of obstructive jaundice, with gallbladder carcinoma as the suspected cause. The gallbladder was swollen with gallstones and the serum level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was 3070 U/ml at admission. A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) was done, and the common hepatic duct as well as the right and left hepatic ducts were found to be obstructed. Later, the CA19-9 level and swelling of the gallbladder decreased and the obstruction of the bile ducts disappeared. A cholecystectomy was performed and the intraoperative pathohistological diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis was made from frozen sections. The pathohistological diagnosis of XGC was made from paraffin-embedded sections. Mirizzi syndrome such as that seen in our patient is a rare complication of XGC. XGC occassionally causes extensive inflammation; thus, performing a conventional cholecystectomy can be unsafe. However, in our opinion, a total, not subtotal, cholecystectomy should be done whenever possible because the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma accompanied with XGC is higher than that with ordinary cholecystitis or gallstones.