胰腺中段切除术29例临床分析

目的探讨胰腺中段切除术在治疗胰腺颈体部良性肿瘤中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院胰胆外科2007年2月1日至2012年2月1日期间行胰腺中段切除术的29例患者的临床资料。结果29例病例无围手术期死亡,手术时间为（165±45）min（125～270min）;术中出血量为（173±88）mL（50～450mL）;术后病理报告均为良性肿瘤。术后出现不同程度胰瘘10例（A级9例,B级1例）,均经非手术治疗治愈;术后出现胰腺远侧断面活动性出血1例,经二次手术止血,效果仍欠佳,遂行第三次手术,剖腹探查见胰肠吻合口漏、胰肠吻合口出血,故行胰体尾加脾切除术,术后恢复良好,痊愈出院。29例患者中获随访21例,随访时间3个月～4年,平均16个月,均未出现糖尿病等相关并发症。结论胰腺中段切除术是治疗胰腺颈部及体部良性肿瘤及低度恶性肿瘤的一种合理术式,可较好地保存术后胰腺的内、外分泌功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗胰头部良性肿瘤2例报告并国内文献复习

目的：探讨保留十二指肠的胰头切除术（DPPHR）治疗胰头部良性肿瘤的价值。 方法：报告中国医科大学附属第一医院于2011年度实施2例DPPHR的临床资料,并结合国内近10年中9篇文献报道共66例DPPHR的资料,对所有68例DPPHR的并发症及手术疗效进行回顾性分析。 结果：68例中13例（19.2%）发生术后并发症,其中胰瘘10例（14.7%）,十二指肠瘘1例（1.5%）,胃瘫1例（1.5%）,胆系感染1例（1.5%）,均非手术治疗治愈。住院时间11~57 d,平均17 d,无住院期间病死病例。有随访资料44例,随访时间3个月至6年,均无复发。 结论：DPPHR是治疗胰头部良性肿瘤安全、有效的术式。     

开放、腹腔镜及机器人胰十二指肠切除术评价与合理选择

开放胰十二指肠切除术（OPD）仍然是治疗胰头部及壶腹部周围病变的标准术式,其术后病死率已经明显降低,但并发症发生率仍很高,其中包括切口感染等切口相关并发症。腹腔镜和机器人胰十二指肠切除术（LPD和RPD）视野清晰、出血少,具有明显的微创优势。经过严格训练,并选择合适的病例,LPD和RPD均安全可行,可获得与OPD相近的肿瘤治疗近期和远期效果。LPD目前已可成为常规术式。机器人手术系统设备昂贵,缺乏力反馈,技术要求高,但操作更精细,缝合较腹腔镜手术更有优势,更适合用于胰管、胆管直径细小的病例。腹腔镜手术切除标本后再使用机器人手术系统进行消化道重建的杂交手术有一定现实意义。建立由同时掌握开放、腹腔镜及机器人手术技术的外科医生为主导,影像科、消化内科、肿瘤内科和病理科等医生共同参与的多学科综合治疗协作组（MDT）模式,是合理选择开放、腹腔镜和机器人胰十二指肠切除术的关键。     

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的治疗

胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎已被视为胰腺癌的癌前病变,并且可以导致胰管、胆管及十二指肠梗阻,其与胰头癌的鉴别诊断困难,然而二者的预后截然不同。因此,胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎一旦诊断明确即应积极手术治疗,以切除病变,缓解疼痛症状,改善病人的生活质量。胰头部肿块型慢性胰腺炎的手术方式是直接针对胰头的,不同的手术方法包括胰十二指肠切除术（保留或不保留幽门的Whipple 手术）和保留十二指肠的胰头切除术（Beger手术及其改良术式）。手术方式尽可能采用胰十二指肠切除术,不仅切除了胰头部肿块、解除了胆道、胰管及十二指肠的梗阻,而且也去除了胰头癌的潜在病因;如胰头肿块巨大,行胰十二指肠切除术有极大风险,可考虑行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术。     

Chronic pancreatitis—diagnosis and treatment：Ulm Experience

慢性胰腺炎以累及胰腺内外分泌组织的渐进性改变为主要特点,在西方国家多由酗酒所致.10%～30%的病人表现为胰头炎性包块并致胰头部增大,上腹部阵发或持续性疼痛为主要临床表现,还可因炎性肿物压迫胰管、胆总管、十二指肠、门静脉而致相应症状,亦为外科治疗的主要适应证.保留十二指肠的胰头切除(次全切除胰腺头部),保留了胃十二指肠、胆囊及胆总管,并最大限度地保留胰腺.手术主要包括显露胰头、胰头次全切除及消化道重建三个方面.如胆管下端炎性狭窄明显可打开胆管并与空肠袢吻合,如胰管狭窄扩张明显可同时纵行切开胰管至体尾部并行胰肠侧侧吻合.Partmgton-Rochelle手术(胰肠侧侧吻合引流)常因减压效果不佳、合并胆管狭窄、最终形成胰头炎性包块或胰腺癌而失败,故胰腺空肠侧侧吻合仅适于胰头无炎性占位且胰管显著扩张者;Frey手术胰头部切除范围过小,实际为改良的引流术式;Kausch-Whipple手术或保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除对慢性胰腺炎病人而言术式过大.与Whipple术及保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术比较,保留十二指肠的胰头切除病人在术后疼痛缓解、体重增加、内外分泌功能等方面均显著优于前者.在为期14年的随访中,行保留十二指肠的胰头切除病人90%疼痛完全缓解;急性发作率由术前的69%降为12.5%;内分泌功能亦有5%～15%的改善;63%～88%的病人恢复至原有工作.依Karnofsky指数,72%的病人术后生活质量良好.保留十二指肠的胰头切除在一定程度上可改变慢性胰腺炎的自然病程.     

保留十二指肠的胰头切除术治疗胰头部良性病变14例分析

目的探讨保留十二指肠的胰头切除术在治疗胰头部良性病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2012年12月期间于笔者所在医院行保留十二指肠的胰头切除术的14例胰头部良性病变患者的临床资料,对该术式的手术效果及术后并发症发生情况进行评价。结果 14例患者均顺利完成手术,无手术死亡。手术时间4.0-6.5h,平均5.2h;术中失血100-1000 mL,平均450 mL;术后3例（21.4%）发生并发症,其中胰瘘2例,胆汁漏1例,均经非手术治疗治愈;住院时间12-62d,平均17d,无住院期间死亡病例。术后获访13例,随访时间为6个月-2年,中位数为13.5个月。随访期间均无复发,均无糖尿病、胃排空障碍等远期并发症发生。结论保留十二指肠的胰头切除术是治疗胰头部良性病变安全而有效的术式。     

改良的保留十二指肠胰头切除术

作者报道了一种改良的保留十二指肠胰头切除术及应用这种手术治疗３例胰头部良性病变患者的初步经验。与Ｂｅｇｅｒ法相比，改良法仅在十二指肠内缘、胆胰管汇合旁残留少许的胰腺组织，免除头侧的胰肠吻合，简化了手术操作。患者术后４～６天经口进食，无十二指肠梗阻症状，术后恢复顺利。术后消化功能正常，胰腺内分泌功能与术前基本相同。该方法可作为胰头部良性病变的首选术式。作者还就如何保全十二指肠血运的问题进行了探讨。     

56例原发性十二指肠肿瘤术式选择与分析

目的探讨原发性十二指肠肿瘤的手术方式及术式,改进以提高治疗水平。方法 7例原发性十二指肠良性肿瘤中3例行肿瘤局部切除术,2例行标准胰十二指肠切除术,2例行十二指肠节段切除术;49例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中29例行标准胰十二指肠切除术,2例行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术;4例行十二指肠节段切除术,3例行局部肿瘤切除术;11例行旁路手术。结果本组患者无手术死亡病例,49例恶性肿瘤中术后并发症5例,并发症发生率10.2%。术后随访时间2～78个月,中位随访时间36个月。7例原发性十二指肠良性肿瘤患者术后5年生存率100%;49例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者,29例行标准胰十二指肠切除术后患者1、3、5年生存率分别为82.8%(24/29)、58.6%(17/29)、34.5%(10/29);9例行肿瘤局部切除术及十二指肠节段切除术后患者1、3、5年生存率分别为55.6%(5/9)、33.3%(3/9)、11.1%(1/9);11例旁路手术后患者1年生存率为9.1%(1/11),生存时间6～19个月,中位生存时间仅11个月。结论胰十二指肠切除术是原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤首选术式,良性肿瘤可行肿瘤局部切除术或十二指肠节段切除术,对晚期患者可采用旁路手术以改善预后。     

胰头囊性肿瘤的手术策略15例报告

目的探讨胰头部囊性肿瘤的治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年12月收治的15例胰头部囊性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果上腹饱胀不适及黄疸为胰头部囊性肿瘤患者最主要的症状。术前超声检出率为80%（12/15）,CT检出率为100%。所有患者均接受手术治疗,手术方式包括肿瘤局部切除、胰十二指肠切除、保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除及胆总管空肠吻合。术后并发症率53.3%（8/15）,随访率86.7%。结论对胰头部囊性肿瘤,术前CT或MRI检查及术中冰冻病理检查非常重要,根据上述情况采取个体化的手术方式。     

保留十二指肠胰头切除术治疗胰头良性肿瘤1例

<正>保留十二指肠胰头切除术(duodenum preserving resection of head of pancreas,DPRHP)由Beger 1972年首先提出并应用于临床,该术主要用以治疗胰头部良性肿瘤及慢性胰腺炎。近期我院行本手术1例,为胰头良性肿瘤,现报告如下。     

Duodenal-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas and pancreatic head resection with second-portion duodenectomy for benign lesions,low-grade malignancies,and early carcinoma involving the periampullary region

HYPOTHESIS: Duodenal-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas (DPRHP) and pancreas head resection with segmental duodenectomy (PHRSD) can be alternatives to standard pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign periampullary lesions. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patients requiring surgery for benign and borderline malignant tumors of the periampullary region. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS: Duodenal-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas (n = 8) and PHRSD (n = 7) were performed in 15 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of benign and borderline malignant tumors of the periampullary region (ie, 11 pancreas head lesions [2 intraductal papillary mucinous tumors, 4 serous cystadenomas, 2 insulinomas, 1 epidermal cyst, 1 metastatic renal cell carcinoma, 1 nonfunctioning islet cell tumor/parapaillary] and 4 duodenal lesions [3 adenomas and 1 adenocarcinoma]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical factors (operation time and blood loss), postoperative complication, postoperative pancreatic insufficiency (eg, development of diabetes mellitus and steatorrhea or elevated stool elastase values), weight change, and recurrence of disease. RESULTS: No differences were noted in the mean operation time and estimated blood loss between the 2 procedures. Major postoperative complication constituted the following: bile duct stricture (n = 1) in DPRHP and delayed gastric emptying (n = 1) and postoperative bleeding (n = 1) in PHRSD. Newly developed diabetes mellitus occurred in 1 patient. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (steatorrhea) was observed in 1 patient after PHRSD. Patients with early duodenal carcinoma and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors with a borderline malignancy are still alive without evidence of recurrence. There was no hospital or long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas is recommended first for a benign or low-grade, early malignant pancreatic head lesion; PHRSD can be an option for a lesion of the ampullary-parapapillary duodenal area as well as the pancreatic head. Duodenal-preserving resection of the head of the pancreas can be converted to PHRSD if ischemia of the second portion of the duodenum occurs. We found benign periampullary lesions could be conservatively treated with DPRHP and PHRSD, which could substitute for classic pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

保留十二指肠的胰头近全切除术治疗胰头部良性肿瘤

目的:探讨保留十二指肠的胰头近全切除术治疗胰头部良性肿瘤的价值。
方法:回顾性分析2004年1月—2009年12月4例施行保留十二指肠的胰头近全切除术患者的临床资料,均保留了胃肠道的完整性、肝外胆道、胆囊和Oddi括约肌的功能,仅在壶腹周围和胆管后方保留有少量胰腺组织。
结果:病理证实1例为导管内乳头状黏液瘤,1例为内分泌肿瘤,2例为实性假乳头状瘤。术后2例发生胰瘘,经过非手术治疗治愈。围手术期无死亡。随访8~20个月,均未发现复发征象。
结论:对于胰头部良性肿瘤,特别是摘除困难的,保留十二指肠的胰头近全切除术是合理的选择。

     

胆总管取石术后发生下端梗阻的原因分析及处理

目的分析胆总管探查取石术后发生下端梗阻的原因及采取的对策效果,为临床治疗胆总管结石及解决梗阻提供参考,减少胆总管探查取石术后发生下端梗阻。方法收集2013年1月至2015年12月间在深圳市第六人民医院行胆总管探查取石术后发生下端梗阻19例病人的一般资料及术前、术中和术后的临床资料,分析胆总管探查取石术后发生下端梗阻的原因,之后对病人采取的医疗对策并随访效果。结果 1胆总管下端良性狭窄引起的下端梗阻5例,行内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗,术后随访6个月行腹部彩超、生化检查复查,结果显示均无异常。2胆总管下端嵌顿性结石引起的下端梗阻9例,行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)+EST术治疗,术后随访6个月均无异常。3胰头部病变引起的下端梗阻5例,其中胰头慢性胰腺炎2例,行胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗,术后随访6个月无异常,复查腹部CT胰头无明显炎性改变;肝胰壶腹癌1例,胰头癌2例,均行胰十二指肠切除术治疗,术后随访1年均无复发转移。结论对于不具有典型胆总管结石临床表现的病人,或者胆总管结石直径明显小于胆总管内径,而胆总管却有明显扩张的病人,应该引起重视。术前、术中均应该进行严格排查,术中应"重探查、轻取石",找到胆总管梗阻的真正原因。     

Resection of the inferior head of the pancreas: Report of a case

We developed a new technique for partial resection of the head of the pancreas with an end-to-side pancreaticoduodenostomy, while preserving the duodenum, the common bile duct, and the upper part of the head of the pancreas around the duct of Santorini. A resection of the inferior head of the pancreas was performed in a patient with an intraductal mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas. This procedure is considered to be appropriate for treating both benign disease and noninvasive malignant disease involving either the uncinate process or the duct of Wirsung, because it removes both the uncinate process and the pancreatic tissue around the duct of Wirsung. We thus believe that a resection of the inferior head of the pancreas with an end-to-side pancreaticoduodenostomy can help play a significant role in the management of patients with benign diseases and localized malignant tumors of the pancreas.     

胆肠胰结合部及其邻近区域外科手术的改进

目的: 总结几种胆肠胰部新型手术及其疗效 。方法及结果: 分析9例行胆肠胰部手术的特点及疗效。其中胰头部胰管及近邻手术3例;胆总管下端及壶腹部手术3例;十二指肠及近邻手术3例。根据各病例的病理及临床特点,设计并实施相应的新型手术方法,如胰头后侧径路主胰管切开取石术,胰头下部切除、钩突胰管空肠Roux-Y吻合术、经壶腹胆总管末端穿透伤直视下修补术、十二指肠节段切除术等,均获良好疗效 。结论: 本文介绍的新手术方法适合胆肠胰部的特殊病症,可有效预防胰、胆、十二指肠瘘等并发症。     

Surgical therapy of inflammatory and malignant strictures of the common bile duct

Although there are growing possibilities of interventional endoscopic treatment of benign and malignant stenosis of the distal common bile duct the definitive operative drainage by terminolateral hepaticojejunostomy is in many cases the therapy of choice. In patients with chronic pancreatitis and bile duct stricture the modified duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection ("Beger operation") enables a resection of the inflammatory mass together with a drainage of the bile. Of 391 patients from our clinic being operated due to a bile duct stricture 337 underwent a biliary drainage together with a pancreatic head resection. Early postoperative biliary complications were in 0.3 % strictures of the duct and 1.5 % bile fistulas. Half of those complications could be managed conservatively. In high volume centers the operative therapy of distal common bile duct stenosis is a safe procedure with high patency rate.     

Duodenum-Preserving Subtotal and Total Pancreatic Head Resections for Inflammatory and Cystic Neoplastic Lesions of the Pancreas

Introduction For treatment of inflammatory and benign neoplastic lesions of the pancreatic head, a subtotal or total pancreatic head resection is a limited surgical procedure with the impact of replacing the application of a Whipple procedure. The objective of this work is to describe the technical modifications of subtotal and total pancreatic head resection for inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the pancreas. The advantages of this limited surgical procedure are the preservation of the stomach, the duodenum and the extrahepatic biliary ducts for treatment of benign lesions of the pancreatic head, papilla, and intrapancreatic segment of the common bile duct. For chronic pancreatitis with an inflammatory mass complicated by compression of the common bile duct or causing multiple pancreatic main duct stenoses and dilatations, a subtotal pancreatic head resection results in a long-lasting pain control. Performing, in addition, a biliary anastomosis or a Partington Rochelle type of pancreatic main duct drainage, respectively, is a logic and simple extension of the procedure. The rationale for the application of duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection for cystic neoplastic lesions are complete exstirpation of the tumor and, as a consequence, interruption of carcinogenesis of the neoplasia preventing development of pancreatic cancer. Duodenum-preserving total head resection necessitates additional biliary and duodenal anastomoses. For mono-centric IPMN, MCN, and SCA tumors, located in the pancreatic head, total duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection can be performed without hospital mortality and resurgery for recurrency. Based on controlled clinical trials, duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is superior to the Whipple-type resection with regard to lower postoperative morbidity, almost no delay of gastric emptying, preservation of the endocrine function, lower frequency of rehospitalization, early professional rehabilitation, and establishment of a predisease level of quality of life. Conclusion The limited surgical procedures of subtotal or total pancreatic head resection are simple, safe, ensures free tumour margins and replace in the authors institution the application of a Whipple-type head resection.     

Local resection of tumors of the ampulla of Vater

Local resection of an ampullary tumor with reimplantation of the pancreatic and bile ducts was first described by William S. Halsted in 1899. Technical hazard and unsuitability in malignant ampullary tumors have unfortunately led to a disregard for this operation that is unwarranted. Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy is now the most common method of resecting benign and malignant ampullary tumors. Experience was gained with two high-risk patients with benign adenomatous polyps obstructing the ampulla of Vater. Their medical unsuitability for radical pancreaticoduodenectomy led us to revive the procedure of wide local excision of these tumors with reimplantation of the pancreatic and bile ducts. Operative time and blood loss were substantially less than radical resection and postoperative recoveries were relatively uncomplicated. Radical resection of benign ampullary tumors may be appropriate for good-risk patients in whom the risk of local recurrence outweighs the operative risk. We suggest that local resection of benign ampullary tumors is the procedure of choice in high-risk patients and that it be considered in palliation of limited local malignancies of the ampulla in high-risk patients.     

改良的保留十二指肠胰头全切除术

目的总结分析我中心近年来对胰头部良性病变实施改良的保留十二指肠胰头全切除术的效果。方法回顾性分析我中心2004年6月至2008年6月实施了改良的保留十二指肠胰头切除术的27例患者的临床资料。对该术式的手术方式,并发症及术后近期生存质量进行评价。结果患者手术死亡0例,术后发生胰瘘2例,十二指肠瘘1例,胆瘘1例,其并发症发生率为14．81％,平均手术时间约4h,术后平均住院日为16d。结论保留十二指肠的胰头切除术通过保留胰十二指肠上动脉后支及其血管弓,仅在十二指肠乳头及胆总管后壁残留少许胰腺组织,手术切除彻底,术后并发症发生率低,手术操作简便,患者术后恢复快,住院时间短。该改良术式可以作为治疗胰头部良性病变的重要术式。     

ʮ��ָ����ͷ���ֲ��г�����18������֢����

目的 探讨十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术后发生并发症的原因及处理方法。方法 对18例十二指肠乳头癌病人行十二指肠乳头局部切除术，就其术后的并发症：十二指肠梗阻，胆漏，胰漏，十二指肠漏，腹腔出血及腹腔感染作了详细的分析。结果 术后并发症发生率为44．4％（8／18），手术后并发症的病死率为11．1％（2／18），并发症的发生率较国内外报道高，但较胰十二指肠切除术的并发症发生率低。结论 十二指肠乳头癌局部切除术是一种治疗十二指肠乳头癌的手术方法，但必须严格掌握其手术适应证，手术后的并发症发生与术中胰胆管的处理及十二指肠的切开及缝合方法有关。