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目的 探讨食管裂孔疝的诊治方法及经腹修补术式。方法 对5例嵌顿性食管裂孔疝经腹修补的病人进行回顾性分析。结果 5例病人均经手术明确诊断，并选择了相应的术式，除1例术后仍有返流梗阻症状外，其余4例效果均满意。结论 经腹途径施行裂孔疝修补简便易行，疗效满意，能同时处理腹内其它疾病，可作为首选术式。     

Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair: why they fail

Summary The incidence of laparoscopic hiatal hernia recurrence has recently been questioned. The results with open repair have been accepted, but increasingly there is interest in mesh reinforcement when performing laparoscopic surgery. Several small series of mesh repair suggest efficacy. Further study of the causes of failure after the laparoscopic approach is warranted and may assist in determining the place of prosthetic reinforcement.     

Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair

Background The recurrence rate after laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernias with paraesophageal involvement (LRHP) is reported to be high. Mesh reinforcement has been proposed with the objective of solving this problem. This study aimed to compare the outcome of LRHP before and after the introduction of mesh reinforcement. Methods Between 1992 and 2003, 56 consecutive patients received LRHP including posterior crurorrhaphy and additional fundoplication. Of these 56 patients, 17 underwent a mesh-reinforced hiatoplasty. Perioperative outcome was assessed retrospectively, and follow-up assessment was performed according to protocol including a barium contrast swallow. Results The follow-up period averaged 52 ± 31 months (range, 9–117 months). The recurrence rate for hiatal hernia without mesh reinforcement was 19% (7/36). No recurrence (0/16) was observed in patients with mesh reinforcement. The intraoperative complication rate was 9%, and the perioperative morbidity rate was 14%. There were neither mesh-related complications nor operation-related deaths. Conclusions Although challenging, LRPH is a successful procedure. The high recurrence rate reported in the literature can be reduced by additional mesh reinforcement.     

The effect of diaphragmatic stressors on recurrent hiatal hernia

Abstract. Hiatal disruption is one of the common mechanisms of failure after Nissen fundoplication. We investigated the correlation between various diaphragm stressors and disruption of the diaphragmatic closure. Thirty-seven patients with a hiatal hernia recurrence of 2 cm or greater, as proven by esophagram, endoscopy, or operative findings, were included. A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing a standardized diaphragm stressor questionnaire for the study group and a control group of 50 patients without hiatal hernia recurrence. Logistic regression was used to determine the significant predictors of hiatal hernia recurrence. Three predictors emerged in the final model: weight lifting (P<0.0174), vomiting (P<0.0313) and hiccoughing (P<0.2472). Of these, only vomiting and weight lifting were significant. The odds ratio for weight lifting is OR=3.662 (95% CI: 1.256–10.676), and for vomiting it is OR=4.938 (95% CI: 1.154–21.126). Vomiting or heavy weight lifting is a significant predictor of hiatal hernia recurrence. Electronic Publication     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术12例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝的可行性及临床价值。方法:为12例食管裂孔疝患者行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术,其中9例行胃底360度折叠术(Nissen术),3例行胃底270度部分折叠术(Toupet术)。8例使用7号丝线缝合修补疝缺口,4例应用补片修补。结果:12例手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹。手术时间62～215 min,平均(116±23)min;术中出血量10～20 ml,平均(12±2.4)ml;术后住院3～19 d,平均(5.1±1.3)d;无严重并发症发生及死亡病例。术后症状完全消失9例(75%),好转3例(25%)。结论:腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术安全,疗效确定,患者创伤小,值得临床应用。     

Preliminary study of hiatal hernia repair using polyglycolic acid: trimethylene carbonate mesh

Background:

Repairing large hiatal hernias using mesh has been shown to reduce recurrence. Drawbacks to mesh include added time to place and secure the prosthesis as well as complications such as esophageal erosion. We used a laparoscopic technique for repair of hiatal hernias (HH) >5cm, incorporating primary crural repair with onlay fixation of a synthetic polyglycolicacid:trimethylene carbonate (PGA:TMC) absorbable tissue reinforcement. The purpose of this report is to present short-term follow-up data.

Methods:

Patients with hiatal hernia types I-III and defects >5cm were included. Primary closure of the hernia defect was performed using interrupted nonpledgeted sutures, followed by PGA:TMC mesh onlay fixed with absorbable tacks. A fundoplication was then performed. Evaluation of patients was carried out at routine follow-up visits. Outcomes measured were symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or other symptoms suspicious for recurrence. Patients exhibiting these complaints underwent further evaluation including radiographic imaging and endoscopy.

Results:

Follow-up data were analyzed on 11 patients. Two patients were male; 9 were female. The mean age was 60 years. The mean length of follow-up was 13 months. There were no complications related to the mesh. One patient suffered from respiratory failure, one from gas bloat syndrome, and another had a superficial port-site infection. One patient developed a recurrent hiatal hernia.

Conclusions:

In this small series, laparoscopic repair of hiatal hernias >5cm with onlay fixation of PGA:TMC tissue reinforcement has short-term outcomes with a reasonably low recurrence rate. However, due to the preliminary and nonrandomized nature of the data, no strong comparison can be made with other types of mesh repairs. Additional data collection is warranted.     

Fever after redo Nissen fundoplication with hiatal hernia repair

Background

Fevers often arise after redo fundoplication with hiatal hernia repair. We reviewed our experience to evaluate the yield of a fever work-up in this population.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of children undergoing redo Nissen fundoplication with hiatal hernia repair between December 2001 and September 2012. Temperatures and fever evaluations of those children receiving a mesh repair were compared with those without mesh. A fever defined as temperature ≥38.4°C.

Results

Fifty one children received 46 laparoscopic, 4 open, and 1 laparoscopic converted to open procedures. Biosynthetic mesh was used in 25 children whereas 26 underwent repair without mesh. A fever occurred in 56% of those repaired with mesh compared with 23.1% without mesh (P = 0.02). A fever evaluation was conducted in 32% of those with mesh compared with 11.5% without mesh (P = 0.52). A urinary tract infection was identified in one child after mesh use and an infection was identified in two children without mesh, one pneumonia and one wound infection (P = 1). In those repaired with mesh, there was no significant difference in maximum temperature.

Conclusions

Fever is common after redo Nissen fundoplication with hiatal hernia repair and occurs more frequently, and with higher temperatures in those with mesh. Fever work-up in these patients is unlikely to yield an infectious source and is attributed to the extensive dissection during the redo procedure.     

腹腔镜胃底180°前折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底180°前折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝疾病的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析了沧州市中西医结合医院与天津南开医院2008年9月至2013年6月采用腹腔镜技术治疗的180例食管裂孔疝患者资料,其中30例应用补片修补裂孔,剩余患者丝线缝合裂孔,均加做胃底180°前折叠（Dor手术）。结果手术顺利,无中转开腹者。术后随访3～60个月,手术效果满意率92.31％,术后3个月复查胃镜、上消化道造影等检查基本恢复正常。其中7例患者术后早期出现轻度反酸、烧心症状,均在4个月内通过保守治疗好转,无复发病例,无严重吞咽困难病例。结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补和胃底180°前折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝疾病有微创手术创伤小、恢复快、安全可行、疗效可靠等特点,值得临床广泛应用。     

复合补片和生物补片治疗食管裂孔疝的疗效对比研究

目的:对比应用复合补片和生物补片治疗反流性食管炎和食管裂孔疝的疗效。方法:21例应用Crurasoft誖复合补片组及20例应用BiodesignTM Surgisis誖生物补片组修补食管裂孔疝病人,对比分析术后复发率和补片相关并发症发生的差异。结果:两组病人一般情况、食管裂孔长径和手术时间等方面无统计学差异。应用复合补片和生物补片均能使术前反流性食管炎的症状显著缓解。复合补片组和生物补片组围手术期并发症发生率分别为9.5%和30.0%,两组间无统计学差异。术后6个月随访裂孔疝复发率均为0。复合补片组和生物补片组长期随访平均时间分别为(16.3±8.9)个月和(17.3±6.8)个月,解剖性复发率分别为4.8%和5.0%,无统计学差异。两组病人均未发生食管侵蚀的并发症。复合补片组病人术后吞咽困难发生率高于生物补片组(38.1%比20..0%),但无统计学差异。结论:应用新一代小肠黏膜下基质补片和复合补片修补食管裂孔疝后疗效满意,复发率低,补片相关的严重并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。     

Tension-free repair of hiatal hernia during laparoscopic fundoplication: a ten-year experience

Background: The breakdown of a hiatal hernia repair can lead to clinical failure. The use of prosthetic material at the esophageal hiatus to strengthen the crural repair is relatively new and questions remain. This report examines the safety and efficacy of a tension-free crural repair with mesh.Patients and methods: Since 1993, 135 consecutive patients (19–86) [9 re-do] completed laparoscopic tension-free hiatal hernia repair prior to Nissen wrap. Esophageal hiatus was patched with a PTFE mesh (first 112 patients) or a PTFE/ePTFE composite (23 patients) secured across the defect with staples to each crura. 130 patients completed a phone questionnaire during 2003/2004 (mean f/u 64 months).Results: There have been no short-term nor long-term infections related to the PTFE mesh. Symptoms were resolved or improved and resolved with meds in 122/130 (94%). Early re-herniation occurred in one patient after vigorous exercise.Conclusions: Mesh repair/patch of the esophageal hiatus can be done without infection, with results similar to standard crural repair and consistent with surgical principles of non-tension.     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术并胃底折叠术对患者生存质量的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术并胃底折叠术对患者生存质量的影响。方法:采用消化病生存质量指数(gastrointestinal Lebens qualities index,GLQI)前瞻性地测定29例患者行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术和胃底折叠术前,术后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月的生存质量值,并进行临床分析。结果:术前患者GLQI指数平均(83.62±13.14),明显低于正常人群(121～125分);术后2周平均(86.76±10.16),较术前有所升高,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但患者精神、心理较术前改善(P<0.05);术后1个月、3个月平均为(106.83±8.40)及(113.35±8.54),较术前及术后2周明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后6个月平均(121.45±5.96),接近或达到正常水平。结论:腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术和胃底折叠术可提高患者术后生存质量,使其生存质量接近或达到正常人水平。     

Clinical relevance of laparoscopically diagnosed hiatal hernia

Background  To determine the clinical relevance of a laparoscopically diagnosed hiatal hernia. Methods  Consecutive patients undergoing an elective laparoscopy were prospectively recruited. We assessed preoperative gastroesophageal reflux symptoms using a validated score, and documented the presence or absence of a hiatal hernia during laparoscopy. Results  Of the 95 evaluable patients, 42 (44%) had a hiatal hernia. The mean age was 49.8 years. Logistic regression analysis indicated that three features were significantly and independently associated with hiatal hernia: a higher reflux score (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-4.05; p < 0.001), low body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.70–0.98; p = 0.029), and type of surgery (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.14–0.92; p = 0.033). The diagnostic accuracy of a reflux score of more than 2 was 81%, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 76%, 85%, 80%, and 82%, respectively. The likelihood ratio for a positive result was 5.05. Conclusion  Hiatal hernia is common in this population of surgical patients undergoing an elective laparoscopy. Patients with reflux symptoms or a low BMI were more likely to have a hiatal hernia. With a reflux score of more than 2, the probability of finding a hiatal hernia during laparoscopy is 80%.     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝（HH）合并胃食管反流病患者的临床疗效。 方法选择2016年1月至2019年1月河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的108例食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者开展回顾性研究，按照不同手术方式将患者分为2组，每组患者54例。对照组行常规开腹手术，联合组行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术，比较2组患者术前及术后6个月反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分。 结果2组术前反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；2组患者术后6个月反流症状与术前比较，均得到明显改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组术后反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。联合组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时长均明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术对HH合并胃食管反流病患者效果显著，有利于患者身体快速恢复，微创、安全且近期疗效满意。     

Treatment of giant hiatal hernia by laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

IntroductionObesity is a risk factor for hiatal hernia. In addition, much higher recurrence rates are reported after standard surgical treatment of hiatal hernia in morbidly obese patients. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is an effective surgical treatment for morbid obesity and is known to effectively control symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).Case presentationTwo patients suffering from giant hiatal hernias where a combined LRYGB and hiatal hernia repair (HHR) with mesh was performed are presented in this paper. There were no postoperative complications and at 1 year follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence of the hernia.DiscussionThe gold standard for all symptomatic reflux patients is still surgical correction of the paraesophageal hernia, including complete reduction of the hernia sac, resection of the sac, hiatal closure and fundoplication. However, HHR outcome is adversely affected by higher BMI levels, leading to increased HH recurrence rates in the obese.ConclusionConcomitant giant hiatal hernia repair with LRYGB appears to be safe and feasible. Moreover, LRYGB plus HHR appears to be a good alternative for HH patients suffering from morbid obesity as well than antireflux surgery alone because of the additional benefit of significant weight loss and improvement of obesity related co-morbidity.     

Sleeve gastrectomy with concomitant hiatal hernia repair in obese patients: long-term results on gastroesophageal reflux disease

BackgroundHiatal hernia repair (HHR) during Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) is recommended when the defect is intraoperatively found; however, the long term effect on gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains controversial.ObjectivesThis study aimed to report long-term follow-up data, at least after 7 years, of SG with concomitant HHR and the outcome on GERD symptoms.SettingTertiary-care referral hospital.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 91 obese patients submitted to SG + HHR with a minimum of 7-years follow-up. The preoperative evaluation included GERD symptoms assessment by a standardized questionnaire, proton pump inhibitor usage evaluation, an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and a barium-swallow esophagogram to detect the presence of HH. At long-term follow-up visit, GERD assessment was performed to evaluate remission, persistence, or new onset of typical GERD symptoms; proton pump inhibitor usage was also investigated. Patients underwent barium-swallow esophagogram and/or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.ResultsAt long-term evaluation, 2 of 91 patients (2.2%) were lost and 1 patient underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Of patients with preoperative GERD, 60% had GERD resolution; however, 27 of 88 (30.6%) patients reported postoperative GERD symptoms. Among these patients 15 (55.5%) showed the HH recurrence detected by barium-swallow esophagogram. All patients with HH recurrence had esophagitis and 1 case had a Barrett’s esophagus. In the remaining 12 patients (44.4%) with postoperative GERD without HH recurrence, the barium-swallow esophagogram showed signs of reflux in reverse Trendelenburg.ConclusionsAt long-term follow-up HH recurrence was consistently related to the presence of GERD symptoms and to a high rate of esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus. In all patients with GERD symptoms after SG + HHR, a HH recurrence should be suspected and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy strongly recommended to rule out esophagitis, and especially Barrett’s esophagus.     

Concurrent hiatal hernia repair and bariatric surgery: outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

BackgroundHiatal hernias are often repaired concurrently with bariatric surgery to reduce risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease–related complications.ObjectivesTo examine the association between concurrent hiatal hernia repair (HHR) and bariatric outcomes.SettingA 2010–2017 U.S. commercial insurance claims data set.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study. We identified adults who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) alone or had bariatric surgery concurrently with HHR. We matched patients with and without HHR and followed patients up to 3 years for incident abdominal operative interventions, bariatric revisions/conversions, and endoscopy. Time to first event for each outcome was compared using multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling.ResultsWe matched 1546 SG patients with HHR to 3170 SG patients without HHR, and we matched 457 RYGB patients with HHR to 1156 RYGB patients without HHR. A total of 73% had a full year of postoperative enrollment. Patients who underwent concurrent SG and HHR were more likely to have additional abdominal operations (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5–3.1) and endoscopies (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–1.8) but not bariatric revisions/conversions (aHR, 1.7; 95% CI, .6–4.6) by 1 year after surgery, a pattern maintained at 3 years of follow-up. Among RYGB patients, concurrent HHR was associated only with an increased risk of endoscopy (aHR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8)) at 1 year of follow-up, persisting at 3 years.ConclusionsConcurrent SG/HHR was associated with increased risk of some subsequent operative and nonoperative interventions, a pattern that was not consistently observed for RYGB. Additional studies could examine whether changes to concurrent HHR technique could reduce risk.     

Laparoscopic repair of large hiatal hernia with teres ligament: midterm follow-up

Background Although laparoscopic repair of large, mostly paraesophageal hiatal hernias is widely applied, there is a great concern regarding the higher recurrence rate associated with this procedure. In order to reduce this high recurrence rate, several techniques have been developed, mostly applying a mesh prosthesis for hiatal reinforcement. Methods We have recently introduced a new laparoscopic technique in which the hiatal closure is reinforced with the teres ligament. To date 26 patients have been entered into this ongoing prospective study. After the operation patients were called back on a regular basis for symptom evaluation and barium swallow. All 26 patients agreed to undergo barium swallow, with a mean follow-up of 35 months. Results The mean operative time was 115 min. Perioperative morbidity was 11.5%, and conversion to an open procedure was performed in six cases. No mortality was registered. Anatomic recurrence, investigated by barium swallows was observed in four patients (15.3%). Of those four, only one (3.85%) had a symptomatic recurrent paraesophageal hernia; the other three had asymptomtic sliding hernias. In three of the four patients with anatomic recurrence, the diameter of the hiatal hernia was greater than 9 cm at the original operation, and the fourth patient underwent reoperation for recurrent hiatal hernia. No symptomatic recurrence was found in patients with diameter of hiatal hernia between 6 and 9 cm. Conclusions Laparoscopic reinforcement of the hiatal closure with the ligamentum teres is safe and effective treatment for large hiatal hernias. However, it appears that patients with extremely large hiatal hernias are at greater risk of recurrence, and therefore large hernias are not suitable for this new technique.