Surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction caused by large bowel carcinoma

In the past 30 years 338 patients with colorectal carcinoma were admitted for acute intestinal obstruction which accounted for 17.17% of 1969 surgically treated colorectal carcinomas. Of these, right colon carcinoma was found in 116 cases, left colon carcinoma in 177, and rectal carcinoma in 45. Sixty nine one-stage resections of the tumor out of 148 emergent operations were carried out including all 29 right colon carcinomas, 20 out 34 left colon carcinomas, and 4 out of 6 rectal carcinomas. In patients undergoing one-stage resections, the overall operative mortality was 3.77%, morbidity happened in one case suffering from anastomotic leakage, and the five year survival rate was 43.4% compared with no operative mortality, and five year survival of only 18.75% in delayed resection group. Our data showed that the mortality of one stage resection of left colon carcinomas complicated with acute obstruction was acceptable and the five year survival rate was slightly higher than that in delayed resection. In terms of whole series, the five year survival rate in one stage resection group was significantly higher than that in delayed resection group. The authors, therefore, favour one stage resection of the tumor in cases of acute intestinal obstruction.     

Current management of acute malignant large bowel obstruction: a systematic review

BackgroundThe management of colonic obstruction has changed in recent years. In distal obstruction, optimal treatment remains controversial, particularly after the appearance and use of colonic endoluminal stents. The purpose of this study was to review the current treatment of acute malignant large bowel obstruction according to the level of evidence of the available literature.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar for articles published through January 2013 to identify studies of large bowel obstruction and colorectal cancer. Included studies were randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis.ResultsAfter a literature search of 1,768 titles and abstracts, 218 were selected for full-text assessment; 59 studies were ultimately included. Twenty-five studies of the diagnosis and treatment of obstruction and 34 studies of the use of stents were assessed.ConclusionsIn view of the various alternatives and the lack of high-grade evidence, the treatment of distal colonic obstruction should be individually tailored to each patient.     

Primary restorative colectomy in malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction.

A series of 18 consecutive patients who underwent primary resection and immediate anastomosis as the treatment for malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction are presented. Intraoperative mechanical preparation of the colon was omitted. There was no clinical evidence of anastomotic dehiscence or wound infection. The mean duration of hospital stay was 11 days. It is suggested that colonic continuity can be restored immediately and safely without mechanical bowel preparation, providing attention is directed to constructing an anastomosis that has a good blood supply and is free from tension.     

Surgical tactics of obturative large bowel tumor obstruction

Results of Hartmann operation performed on tumor left colon part obturation in general hospitals. Results of 117 patients' treatment were analysed. The local tumor recurrence was registered in 17 (14,5%) cases, mean time between initial and reconstructive operations was 7,2 months. Results of 61 patients for whom the two-step treatment scheme (decompressive colostomy followed by the radical tumor resection and a simultaneous stoma closure) was used, are analyzed. Lethality rate was 1,6%. Second operation was performed in 58 patients in the mean time of 18,3 days after colostomy. 7 (12,1%) patients had early postoperative complications. Authors conclude that a two-step treatment protocol has advantages of higher radicality and the quality of life improvement.     

左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的探讨左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻的手术治疗方法。方法回顾分析1995年至2002年我科收治148例左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻不同手术方式治疗效果,并对5年生存率进行随访,对结果进行统计学分析。结果Ⅰ期手术切除吻合和Ⅱ期手术患者5年生存率分别为50.84%和20.29%,并发症发生率19.12%和17.50%,病死率4.40%和3.75%。结论左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期手术切除吻合术是安全、可靠的,疗效满意。     

大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗的探讨

探讨大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我们收治的２３１例大肠癌并发急性肠梗阻病例，结合国内外文献，综合评价外科治疗方法。结果一期左半结肠切除吻合术的手术病死率为５．１％，吻合口瘘发生率为５．７％。结论对左半结肠癌、直肠癌并发急性梗阻病人进行综合判定，掌握好适应证，施行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的。     

Surgical management of malignant bowel obstruction in recurrent pancreatic cancer

IntroductionMalignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is harrowing complication of gastrointestinal cancers. Only a few studies have reported on the surgical roles of bowel obstruction from recurrent pancreatic cancer. We report successfully management for malignant bowel obstruction by palliative surgery for relief of symptoms.Presentation of caseA 43 year old man was diagnosed with pancreatic tail cancer. After distal pancreatectomy, he underwent six cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy. 10 months later, he had suffered from small bowel obstruction by seeding metastases. We performed segmental small bowel resection. This patient had good recovery and continued to receive palliative chemotherapy. A 78 year old man was diagnosed with unresectable, huge pancreatic cancer. He had recurrent obstructive symptoms and periumbilical pain. We decided palliative surgery of wide excision of umbilical abdominal mass for pain control. 3 weeks later, he presented with recurrent symptoms in previous op site. We planned 2nd operation for relief of symptoms. He underwent surgery to resect abdominal wall mass and small bowel due to 2 cm sized mass in terminal ileum. After 2nd surgery, he received consistently palliative chemotherapy with good clinical condition.Discussion and conclusionPalliative surgery improves quality of life in recurrent pancreatic cancer patients and can continue patient’s palliative management. In selected patients, palliative surgery may effective management for progress of survival and quality of life.     

Surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction

The experience with treatment of acute ileus for the 5 years in 1032 patients is summarized. Operated on were 269 patients. The different types of operative interventions with a wide use of intubation, adsorbents, laparostomy were performed. The postoperative lethality was 9.2%.     

急性结肠癌性梗阻63例治疗体会

肠梗阻是大肠癌的常见并发症 ,尤其是在左半结肠 ,由于起病隐匿 ,发展缓慢 ,易被忽视。当严重堵塞 ,已出现典型肠梗阻表现时 ,处理较困难 ,预后也差。我们 1 995 -2 0 0 2年共收治大肠癌致肠梗阻病人 63例 ,现就其外科处理体会报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　　本组共 63例 ,其中男性 49例 ,女性 1 4例。年龄 45 -80岁 ,60岁以上 5 1例 ,占 80 .9%。左半结肠 5 0例 ,右半结肠 1 3例。病程为 1 2h -2个月。术前明确梗阻原因 2 0例 ,剖腹探查 43例。1 .2　手术方式　　 63例均行急诊手术 ,术前经 2 -2 4h准备 ,包括胃肠减压 ,建立中…     

Malignant large bowel obstruction

Of 4583 patients in the Large Bowel Cancer Project, 713 (16 per cent) were obstructed. The site of greatest risk was the splenic flexure (49 per cent). Advanced stage was neither the full reason why some patients obstructed nor for their subsequent poor prospects (age-adjusted 5-year survival: not obstructed, 45 per cent; obstructed, 25 per cent). Also, there was no greater risk of vascular invasion, no heavier lymph node burden and no worse tumour differentiation in patients with obstruction. In-hospital mortality was high (23 per cent), was not reduced by either a policy of primary or staged resection and was not influenced by the site of obstruction. There was no survival advantage for either policy, but hospital stay after primary resection was half that of staged. Immediate anastomosis in the obstructed left colon had a high clinical leak rate (18 per cent versus 6 per cent elective; P less than 0.001). Both registrars and consultants had similar mortality rates for elective primary resection and for the management of obstruction itself (as evidenced by results after the first stage of a staged resection). Selection probably accounts for the very much better results achieved by consultants for primary resection in the presence of obstruction (in-hospital mortality: consultants, 13 per cent; registrars, 24 per cent).     

恶性肠梗阻的处理与治疗

恶性肠梗阻常见于肠管肿瘤或妇科肿瘤患者.手术治疗对于大部分患者是首选,但对于预后极差的患者并不适用.鼻胃管减压仅用于短期治疗,自膨胀金属支架适用于胃出口梗阻及近端小肠梗阻.     

Laparoscopic treatment of acute small bowel obstruction*

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of obstruction in the intestinal tract involve the small intestine in three quarters of cases and the large intestine in one-quarter. The most common causes of an acute small intestinal obstruction are postoperative adhesions (64.8%) and strangulated hernias (14.8%). The overall incidence of postoperative small bowel obstruction is 4.6%. Because it offers a conservative and targeted means of removing the obstruction, laparoscopy is increasingly used for acute small bowel obstruction. With proper selection of patients, the success rate is very high. This work presents the selection criteria, technique and results for a three-year period. METHODS: Twenty-one patients, 13 men and 8 women aged 28 to 69 years, underwent surgery between January 2008 and December 2010. Selection criteria for a laparoscopic procedure were anesthesia risk of not more than ASA 3, diameter of the dilatated loop of small intestine of not more than 5 cm, radiological image of a change in caliber as an indication of a focal passage disorder, exclusion of paralytic ileus, and no history of diffuse peritonitis. The patients underwent surgery in general anesthesia. The approach for the first trocar was umbilical in 18 cases and in the right or left flank in three cases, but always with open technique. Three trocars were always used. RESULTS: In 7 patients, there was an isolated band from a previous operation, usually an appendectomy; in 5 cases there were postoperative adhesions and a band. Three patients had a volvulus and in one of them, a 20 cm segment of the small intestine was already gangrenous. Two patients had an incarcerated hernia, one inguinal and one Bochdalek. Two patients had a stenosing tumor in the terminal ileum, one of which was a carcinoid and the other, the first manifestation of a lymphoma. One patient had an endometriosis focus as stenosis focus and another had a massively inflamed Meckel's diverticulum that obstructed passage in the small intestine. Two patients – the volvulus with small intestinal gangrene and the Bochdalek hernia – required conversion to open technique. One patient with diffuse adhesions and a band had to undergo open surgery 10 days later. There was no case of an intraoperative accidental intestinal injury. All the patients who underwent laparoscopy were discharged within a week. Hospitalization was significantly longer for the converted patients. The patient with the Boachdalek hernia died after 26 days of irreversible cardiopulmonary failure. CONCLUSIONS: With strict selection, laparoscopic treatment of small intestinal obstruction is a valuable option in visceral acute surgery. Patients with an isolated focal obstruction seem to benefit from laparoscopic surgery on the basis of reduced perioperative morbidity and short hospitalization.     

Management of severe obstruction of the large bowel due to malignant disease

One hundred twenty-four patients with complete bowel obstruction from colorectal cancer requiring emergency surgery were treated between 1961 and 1970. Two thirds of the tumors were distal to the transverse colon. Curative resection was possible in 72 per cent and the over-all mortality was 15 per cent. Forty per cent survived five years after resection for cure. Primary resection was preferred for obstructions of the right side of the colon and the transverse colon, and staged procedures rather than primary resection were more satisfactory for lesions of the left side of the colon and rectum. The mortality rate was lower after transverse colostomy than after cecostomy. Combined perforation and obstruction (twenty-four patients) had a particularly high mortality (42 per cent) and a poor prognosis (14 per cent five year survival).     

急性梗阻性结直肠癌的外科处理

目的探讨急性梗阻性结直肠癌的外科处理方法。方法回顾分析1996—2004年收治的58例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者的治疗方法。全组58例，一期切除吻合26例，一期切除＋近端结肠造瘘21例，单纯结肠造瘘5例，捷径手术6例。结果住院期间死亡6例，吻合口漏1例，51例恢复顺利，康复出院。结论重视围手术期的处理，根据急性梗阻性结直肠癌患者的全身情况和局部条件合理选择手术方式。     

Comparison of colonic stenting and open surgery for malignant large bowel obstruction

Background Colonic stents potentially offer effective palliation for those with bowel obstruction attributable to incurable malignancy, and a “bridge to surgery” for those in whom emergency surgery would necessitate a stoma. The current study compared the outcomes of stents and open surgery in the management of malignant large bowel obstruction. Methods A literature search of the Medline, Ovid, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed to identify comparative studies reporting outcomes on colonic stenting and surgery for large bowel obstruction. Random effects meta-analytical techniques were applied to identify differences in outcomes between the two groups. Sensitivity analysis of high quality studies, those reporting on more than 35 patients, those solely concerning colorectal cancer and studies performing intention to treat analysis was undertaken to evaluate the study heterogeneity. Results A total of 10 studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion, with outcomes reported for 451 patients. Stent insertion was attempted for 244 patients (54.1%), and proved successful for 226 (92.6%). The length of hospital stay was shorter by 7.72 days in the stent group (p < 0.001), which also had lower mortality (p = 0.03) and fewer medical complications (p < 0.001). Stoma formation at any point during management was significantly lower than in the stent group (odds ratio, 0.02; p < 0.001), and “bridging to surgery” did not adversely influence survival. Conclusions Colonic stenting offers effective palliation for malignant bowel obstruction, with short lengths of hospital stay and a low rate for stoma formation, but data on quality of life and economic evaluation are limited. There is no evidence of differences in long-term survival between those who have stents followed by subsequent resection and those undergoing emergency bowel resection. This paper was presented as an oral presentation at the Scientific Session of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Dallas, Texas, USA, 28th April 2006