芜湖地区痛风急性发作诱因及临床生化特征初探

目的 探讨痛风性关节炎急性发作的诱因并对其临床特征进行总结。方法 对2017年11月~2018年12月就诊于皖南医学院第二附属医院内分泌科门诊及住院痛风性关节炎急性发作患者进行问卷调查并收集临床资料,将以上资料录入Excel数据库,对其急性发作诱因及临床特征进行分析。结果 50~60岁为发病年龄高峰,女性患者均为绝经后发病;88.03%的痛风患者急性发作前有诱因,高嘌呤饮食诱发的为61例（52.14%）,因饮酒诱发的为55例（47.01%）,上述两者中至少含有一项者为81例（69.23%）,同时含有两项者为32例（27.35%）;60例患者首发关节部位为足第一跖趾关节,下肢关节受累数目多于上肢关节（113例vs 14例）。发病年龄小的患者比发病年龄大的患者痛风发作频率高;病程长,有痛风石的患者易痛风发作频率高（P均＜0.05）;血尿酸水平高低与患者发作频率无关,两组其他临床生化检查比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;年龄、BMI、血尿素氮是痛风石形成的危险因素,频发与长病程同样是痛风石形成的危险因素,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Pearson直线相关分析发现:痛风急性发作时血尿酸水平与血尿素氮、血肌酐、胱抑素C相关（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic分析显示年龄、频发和长病程是痛风石形成的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 痛风患者中老年居多,发病存在明显性别差异。痛风性关节炎急性发作诱因中以高嘌呤饮食和饮酒为其最常见诱因;发病年龄小,病程长,有痛风石的患者发作频率高。部分痛风性关节炎急性发作时血尿酸水平并不高。年龄偏大、频发和长病程的患者容易形成痛风石。     

MMP 3在评估痛风性关节炎骨侵蚀中的临床应用

目的 探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)在痛风性关节炎合并有痛风石患者中发生骨侵蚀的临床应用研究。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,依据2015年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿联盟痛风分类标准以及痛风发作关节的X线、肌骨超声或双源CT检查结果,收集2022年6月至2023年3月于南京市第一医院风湿免疫科就诊的159例痛风性关节炎患者,分为无骨侵蚀组85例及有骨侵蚀组74例。采用乳胶增强免疫比浊法检测两组血清MMP 3水平,比较两组血清MMP 3水平的差异,综合影像学结果,评估血清MMP 3水平对痛风性关节炎患者骨侵蚀的评价及预测效能,分析痛风性关节炎患者骨侵蚀发生的影响因素。结果 有骨侵蚀组血清MMP 3水平显著高于无骨侵蚀组150.31(74.99,216.55)ng/mL vs 60.15(43.58,75.34)ng/mL,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血清MMP 3水平预测痛风性关节炎患者骨侵蚀的最佳截断值为118.19ng/mL,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.811。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示血清MMP 3水平是痛风性关节炎患者发生骨侵蚀的独立危险因素(OR=...     

双能量CT对痛风性关节炎的诊断价值

目的:探讨双能量CT扫描对痛风性关节炎的诊断价值。方法:选取疑似痛风性关节炎患者91例,均给予双能量CT扫描。结果:金标准确诊痛风性关节炎71例,非痛风性关节炎20例;双能量CT诊断痛风性关节炎68例,非痛风性关节炎23例。双能量CT诊断痛风性关节炎的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.55%、85.00%、95.59%和73.91%;双能量CT对间歇慢性期痛风结节、骨质破坏的检出率分别为95.12%和65.85%,明显高于急性期(P0.05);双能量CT对尿酸值420μmol/L和≥420μmol/L患者痛风结节和骨质破坏检出率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:双能量CT扫描对痛风性关节炎有较好的诊断价值。     

膝关节痛风性关节炎的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨超声在痛风性关节炎诊断中的价值。方法 选取2015年3月~2018年12月我院确诊为痛风性关节炎且膝关节受累患者20例,均进行超声检查及关节镜检查,观察患者超声及关节镜下表现。结果 超声检查:声像图异常表现有滑膜增生、积液、尿酸结晶沉积、痛风石形成、“双轨征”、骨侵蚀,其中可见滑膜增生19例、积液15例、尿酸结晶沉积13例、痛风石形成5例、“双轨征”3例、骨侵蚀1例。关节镜检查:镜下可见大量白色尿酸盐结晶,沉积于关节腔内。结论 超声检查能有效、全面的评估痛风性关节炎患者受累关节情况,能够实时动态对不同病程阶段的关节情况进行监测,其可作为痛风性关节诊断的重要影像学手段。     

双能量CT痛风识别技术评估痛风性关节炎的临床应用研究

目的 探讨双能量CT对痛风性关节炎的诊断及评估价值。方法 收集2015年12月~2018年3月我院因外周关节疼痛就诊的患者166例,将符合2015年ACR/EULAR痛风分类标准的133例设为实验组,余33例非痛风患者设为对照组,比较两组患者临床资料。所有患者发病关节均行DECT扫描,薄层重组后将图像数据传至西门子Syngo.Via工作站选择GOUT程序进行图像后处理。分析DECT诊断痛风整体、不同时期以及不同部位的敏感性与特异性。分析DECT检测尿酸盐沉积的存在与患者临床资料的相关性,DECT检测尿酸盐体积与慢性痛风患者临床资料的相关性。结果 DECT诊断痛风性关节炎整体灵敏度90.98%,特异度为84.85%。DECT诊断不同病程的痛风:首发、病程≤2年以及病程＞2年,敏感度分别为89.47%、91.49%及91.04%,特异度分别为100.00%、94.12%及69.23%。DECT诊断不同部位的痛风:手/腕部、膝部以及足/踝部,敏感度分别为57.14%、91.18%及89.00%,特异度分别为100.00%、85.71%及80.00%。痛风患者的血尿酸浓度对DECT检测MSU结晶沉积的存在有影响。慢性痛风患者MSU结晶体积与血尿酸浓度呈正相关。结论 DECT诊断痛风性关节炎具有较高的灵敏度及特异度,对于不同病程及部位的痛风性关节炎的诊断有一定优势,可作为评估痛风疗效的辅助工具。     

DR检查在膝骨性关节炎诊断中的意义及影像学特征分析

目的:分析数字化X线摄影术(Digitalradiography,DR)检查在膝骨性关节炎诊断中的意义及影像学特征.方法:选取2019年1月至2021年1月本院收治的81例均进行DR及传统X线检查膝骨性关节患者的临床资料,分析DR图像,计算DR检查对膝骨性关节炎诊断准确性,并对比传统X线检查与DR检查对患者骨关节病变情况检出率.结果:81例膝关节炎患者DR检查出74例检出准确性为91.35％,传统X光检出率为80.25％(65/81),DR检查对膝骨性关节炎检出率明显高于传统X光检查(P<0.05).DR检查对骨质疏松、微小钙化、关节间间隙狭窄、籽骨检出率明显高于传统X线检查,滑膜增厚、半月板损伤退变、软骨下骨破坏检出率低于传统X线检查(P<0.05).81例患者中可见有关节边缘骨赘增生59例,关节腔间隙变窄49例,关节面硬化变形35例,关节腔内可见游离体,有37例患者软骨下可见囊性变形.结论:DR检查可显示膝骨性关节炎骨质增生、硬化、关节间隙等变化情况,对膝骨性关节炎诊断准确率高,具有较高的临床使用价值.     

急性痛风患者受累关节的超声图像表现

目的研究急性痛风患者受累关节的超声图像表现的特点。方法选取34例痛风性关节炎急性发作患者为观察组, 34例无症状高尿酸血症患者为对照组。比较两组患者的受累关节的超声图像差异。结果受累关节影像显示,两组膝关节和跖趾关节具有显著差异(P0.05);观察组累及关节出现双边征、痛风石以及侵蚀现象的几率均大于对照组(P0.05);而两组患者出现滑膜增厚以及关节腔积液现象无明显差异(P0.05)。结论急性痛风患者关节的超声图像表现具有一定的特异性,可用于鉴别急性痛风性关节炎和无症状高尿酸症,值得临床借鉴。     

原发性痛风并发肾损害患者血尿酸和血肌酐水平分析

原发性痛风患者中约1%为次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转换酶缺陷所致,大多数病因不明,临床以痛风性关节炎为主要表现.肾脏损害是原发性痛风的常见并发症.本文对54例原发性痛风伴肾脏损害患者血尿酸﹑肌酐水平进行了检测分析,结果报道如下.     

高频超声对痛风性关节炎关节损害患者的诊断作用

目的探讨高频超声在痛风性关节炎关节损害中的诊断价值。方法 60例痛风性关节炎患者作为观察组, 58例非痛风性关节炎患者作为对照组,比较与分析两组患者的高频超声特点。结果观察组患者的双轨征、暴风雪样征、痛风石等指标发生率均明显高于对照组,各项数据组间统计学差异显著(P0.05);两组患者的滑膜增生、软组织水肿、关节腔积液、血流等指标比较统计学差异不显著(P0.05)。观察组患者中,急性期痛风性关节炎患者的痛风石、肌腱内点及团状强回声指标阳性率小于慢性期患者,而血流发生率则高于慢性期患者,各数据组间统计学差异显著(P0.05)。结论高频超声在痛风性关节炎的诊断中具有显著的临床应用价值。     

痛风合并类风湿关节炎5例临床观察

痛风是尿酸排泄减少或者嘌呤代谢紊乱引起的一类晶体性关节疾病，患者主要临床表现为急性复发性痛风性关节炎、慢性痛风性关节炎、痛风石、尿酸盐性肾病以及肾结石，严重的患者会导致关节活动障碍以及尿毒症。类风湿关节炎(RA)属于一种对称性、多发性的小关节病变，属于全身性的免疫系统疾病，主要累及双手、腕关节以及足关节等部位，少部分患者会累及到膝关节、髋关节等大关节，血清中能够发现类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽(CCP)等自身抗体。痛风和类风湿关节炎的患者在临床上多常见，但是两者同时发病的相关报道有限。本文主要对5例痛风合并类风湿关节炎的患者进行分析，观察其临床特征以及漏诊原因，以此提高临床对这类患者的认知度。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.