糖代谢异常对肱动脉内皮舒张功能影响的研究

目的 探讨葡萄糖代谢异常对肱动脉血管内皮舒张功能的影响.方法 应用高分辨率超声测量39例糖耐量减低(IGT)、47例T2DM和44例糖耐量正常者(NGT)反应性充血前后及含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径的变化.结果 IGT、T2DM组肱动脉内皮舒张功能均受损,T2DM组、NGT组分别与IGT组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),T2DM组较NGT组差异明显(P＜0.01).与NGT组比,IGT组、T2DM组FPG、 HbA1c、LDL-C升高,与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(EDVR)负相关;HDL-C降低,与EDVR正相关(P均＜0.01).结论 葡萄糖代谢异常可对肱动脉内皮舒张功能造成损伤.     

老年糖代谢紊乱患者血管内皮功能与血小板膜糖蛋白的研究

目的检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)、糖耐量异常(IGT)、空腹血糖受损(IFG)患者肱动脉内皮功能的变化与血小板活化程度的关系。方法分别选取老年T2DM(T2DM组)、IGT(IGT组)、IFG(IFG组)患者和健康体检者(对照组)各20例,空腹静脉血测定空腹血糖(FPG)、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血小板膜糖蛋白CD61和CD62P。采用高分辨率血管外彩色超声测定肱动脉血流介导的血管扩张功能(FMD)和含服硝酸甘油后肱动脉内径变化(NTG)。结果 T2DM组、IGT组、IFG组FMD较对照组明显下降,而T2DM组NTG较IGT组、IFG组、对照组明显下降(P0.05)。多因素线性相关分析,FMD与FPG、TG、TC、LDL-C呈负相关。T2DM组、IGT组、IFG组CD61和CD62P较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。CD61与FPG、TC、HbA1c、LDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关;CD62P与FPG、TG、TC、HbA1c、LDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。FMD与CD61、CD62P呈负相关。结论内皮功能损害和血小板活化在T2DM前期就已经存在,两者互相促进。     

褪黑素对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨褪黑素对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法:选择早期无大血管并发症的2型糖尿病患者60例,随机分为试药组和对照组各30例,对照组采用饮食、运动、胰岛素治疗,试药组加用褪黑素（MLT）胶囊6 mg,每晚口服,共治疗6个月。同期选择28例健康个体为正常对照组。治疗前后检测血压、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,计算体质量指数（BMI）。用高分辨率超声检测、计算肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能(NMD)。结果:①与正常对照组比较,糖尿病组治疗前FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、TG、LDL-C明显增高(均P<0.01),HDL-C明显降低(P<0.05)。 治疗半年后糖尿病组TG、LDL-C略下降,BMI、HDL C略升高但均无统计学差异,FBG、2hPG、HbA1c无明显变化。②与正常对照组比较, 糖尿病组治疗前肱动脉基础内径、NMD无显著差异,FMD明显降低（均P<0.01）。治疗半年后糖尿病各组肱动脉基础内径、NMD无明显变化;FMD明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,试药组FMD明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论:2型糖尿病患者早期出现血管内皮舒张功能降低,褪黑素明显改善2型糖尿病早期患者受损血管内皮功能。     

空腹血糖受损与糖耐量受损患者血管内皮功能的对比研究

目的:应用多普勒超声技术检测空腹血糖受损(IFG)与糖耐量受损(IGT)患者的血管内皮功能,探讨其对动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法:根据口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果,选择血糖正常(NGT)组25例,IFG组24例,IGT组22例,检测TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及血管性血友病因子(vWF),OGTT后2h血糖(2hPG)及2h胰岛素(2hINS),以及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)。结果:IGT组vWF较IFG组、NGT组明显升高[(170.25±21.76)%∶(155.16±17.19)%、(135.46±15.52)%,P<0.05～0.01],肱动脉EDD较IFG组、NGT组明显降低[(4.86±0.94)%∶(5.47±0.90)%、(6.24±0.97)%,P<0.05～0.01];IFG组vWF较NGT组明显升高[(155.16±17.19)%∶(135.46±15.52)%,P<0.05],肱动脉EDD较NGT组明显降低[(5.47±0.90)%∶(6.24±0.97)%,P<0.05]。多因素逐步回归分析显示,EDD与2hPG、LDL-C明显负相关(r分别为-0.73、-0.59,P<0.05)。结论:IGT较IFG对血管内皮功能危害更大,加强IGT防治对延缓动脉粥样硬化更为重要。     

运动对胰岛素抵抗大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张功能干预效应的研究

目的　探讨运动对高脂膳食诱导胰岛素抵抗 (IR)大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(EDVR)的干预效应及其发生机制。　方法　特殊高脂膳食喂养 4周 ,建立 IR动物模型。游泳运动前后以钳夹技术观察 IR大鼠胰岛素敏感性、大鼠离体主动脉条对乙酰胆碱 (Ach)依赖性血管舒张功能的反应及其大鼠主动脉的一氧化氮合成酶 -一氧化氮 -环岛苷酸 (NOS- NO- c GMP)环功能状态。　结果　 (1 )运动后 IR大鼠葡萄糖输注率 (GIR)显著高于非运动 IR大鼠 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,正常大鼠运动前后GIR水平无明显变化。(2 ) IR大鼠运动后离体主动脉条对 Ach依赖性血管舒张功能反应显著改善 ,最大舒张反应升高达 1 9.4 3% (P<0 .0 1 ) ,正常大鼠运动后离体主动脉条对 Ach依赖性血管舒张功能反应也明显改善 ,最大舒张反应升高达 1 4 .78% (P<0 .0 5 )。 (3) IR大鼠运动后主动脉 NO及 c GMP水平增加 (P<0 .0 5 )。大鼠主动脉条对 Ach依赖性血管舒张反应与 NO浓度呈显著负相关 (r=- 0 .6 4 9,P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　运动能改善 IR大鼠胰岛素敏感性及内皮依赖性血管舒张功能 ,运动可增加 IR大鼠主动脉 NO及 c GMP水平 ,提示运动是一个从改善血管内皮功能入手 ,干预治疗 IR的新举措     

1型糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗前后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的变化

选择18例1型糖尿病（TIDM）患者和20例健康人。TIDM采用胰岛素治疗。治疗前TIDM血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能为3．97％，明显低于治疗后的4．60％和对照组的4．87％（P〈0．05）。治疗前后血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化与FPG、2hPG、TG、HbA;c变化呈负相关（P〈0．05）。     

糖耐量受损患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能变化的研究

采用高分辨血管外超声检测糖耐量受损(IGT)患者肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(EDD)和硝酸甘油介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能(EID)。IGT组EDD明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。EID在两组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

急性高血糖对肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能影响的研究

目的 探讨葡萄糖负荷试验所致急性高血糖对血管内皮功能的影响。方法 选择正常健康人（NC）、糖耐量减低（IGT）患者和2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者各10例。所有对象均做OGTT，分别于0、60、120min采用高分辨血管外超声检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油（GNT）介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果 IGT组和T2DM组0、60、120min的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能均明显低于NC组（P〈0．05）。与0min相比，IGT组和T2DM组60min内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显降低，120min又回升，明显高于60min者（P〈0．05）。IGT组和T2DM组在基础状态下，LDL-C、Lp（a）、FPG、HbA-C与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能呈负相关（P〈0．01）。在OGTT中，这两组血糖与内皮依赖性血管舒张功能呈负相关（P〈0．001）。结论 高血糖快速抑制内皮依赖性血管舒张功能。提示餐后高血糖在糖尿病血管并发症的发生与发展中起重要作用。     

卡维地洛对急性心肌梗死患者内皮功能及氧化指标的影响

目的观察卡维地洛对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能及血清氧化指标——丙二醛(MDA)的影响。方法将52例AMI患者随机分成卡维地洛治疗组(28例)和常规治疗组(24例),比较观测治疗8周前后超声检测肱动脉流量介导性扩张的血管内皮依赖舒张功能及血清MDA的变化。结果治疗前两组比较,内皮依赖性血管舒张功能差异无统计学意义;卡维地洛治疗8周后内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显改善;血清MDA水平明显降低,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论卡维地洛在治疗8周后通过降低血清MDA水平的抗氧自由作用,可明显改善AMI患者血管内皮依赖舒张功能。     

阿卡波糖对餐后高血糖患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的研究阿卡波糖对餐后高血糖患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法选择新诊断为2型糖尿病、行口服葡萄糖耐量试验餐后高血糖患者58例,分为常规组26例和治疗组32例。检测患者治疗前后体重指数、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、葡萄糖耐量试验2 h血糖、2 h胰岛素及肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能(EDD)。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者体重指数、2 h血糖、2 h胰岛素、HbA1c、vWF明显降低,EDD明显增大(P0.05,P0.01);与常规组比较,治疗组患者2 h血糖、2 h胰岛素、HbA1c、hs CRP、vWF明显降低,EDD增大更明显(P0.05,P0.01)。多因素逐步回归分析显示,EDD与2 h血糖、2 h胰岛素、HbA1c、hs-CRP呈负相关。结论阿卡波糖可能通过降低餐后高血糖,改善机体胰岛素抵抗,使血管内皮功能得到改善,延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展。     

Changes of osteoprotegerin before and after insulin therapy in type 1 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) regulates osteoclast and immune functions and appears to represent a protective factor for vascular system. However, the role of OPG in endothelial dysfunction of type 1 diabetic patients has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma OPG levels and endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study subjects included 22 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients and 28 healthy subjects. All patients were then given insulin therapy for 6 months. Plasma OPG concentration was measured in duplicate by a sandwich ELISA method, and high-resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GTN). RESULTS: Plasma OPG level in patients before treatment was 3.09+/-0.70 ng/L, which was significantly higher than that in control (2.07+/-0.75 ng/L) (p<0.001). After 6 months treatment, OPG levels decreased markedly (2.58+/-0.59 ng/L) (p<0.001). The flow-mediated endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in patients before treatment was 3.35+/-0.67%, which was significantly lower than that in control (5.17+/-0.83%) (p<0.001), and improved markedly after 6 months treatment (4.27+/-0.63%) (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, OPG was significantly associated with endothelium-dependent arterial dilation, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and ultra sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline (p<0.01). The absolute changes in OPG showed significant correlation with the changes in endothelium-dependent arterial dilation, FBG, HbA1c, and CRP in diabetic patients during the course of treatment (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This study shows that plasma OPG levels are elevated in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients, and that plasma OPG levels are significantly associated with endothelial function.     

Acute and mid-term combined hormone replacement therapy improves endothelial function in post-menopausal women with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Coronary endothelial dysfunction improves after acute oestradiol treatment in women with angina and normal coronary angiograms. We sought to analyse whether this effect is also seen in the peripheral circulation and whether it is sustained after a mid-term period of treatment. METHODS: We studied 20 women with angina, signs suggestive of myocardial ischaemia and normal coronary angiograms. In five of them, coronary and peripheral endothelial functions were studied at baseline. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was reanalysed after 24 h of transdermal oestradiol treatment. In the other 15 women, brachial artery vasoreactivity was studied at baseline and after a 6-week period of treatment with transdermal oestradiol and medroxyprogesterone (HRT) or placebo in a double-blinded crossover fashion. RESULTS: An abnormal coronary artery response to acetylcholine was observed in all women as well as impaired brachial flow-mediated dilation. Brachial flow-mediated dilation significantly increased after 24 h of oestradiol treatment (4.8+/-0.8% vs 0.06+/-0.6%, P<0.001). Peripheral flow-mediated dilation also increased after a 6-week period of HRT compared with baseline (4.1+/-3% vs 0.4+/-1%, P<0.01) and placebo treatment (4.1+/-3% vs 0.6+/-1.7%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation exists both at the coronary and peripheral circulation in post-menopausal women with angina and normal coronary angiograms. Flow-mediated dilation improves in these women after short and mid-term therapy with transdermal oestradiol irrespective of concomitant progesterone use.     

早期2型糖尿病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能改变的研究

目的　探讨早期 2型糖尿病患者内皮功能的变化。方法　选择 5 0例无血管并发症的 2型糖尿病患者 ,和 2 5例年龄、性别匹配的健康个体。采用高分辨血管外超声法检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油 (GNT)介导的内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果　2型糖尿病组血流介导的血管舒张功能为 3 .62 % ,明显低于对照组的 4.68% (P <0 .0 5 )。基础血管内径、基础血流、GNT介导的血管舒张功能在 2组间无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　早期 2型糖尿病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能降低。     

Ozonized autohemotransfusion does not affect arterial vasodilation in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Ozonized autohemotransfusion has been used as a complementary therapy in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). To determine whether ozone therapy could acutely modify artery vasodilatory capacity, a flow-mediated dilation test was performed at the brachial artery level before and after an ozonized autohemotransfusion in 16 patients with PAD, mean (± SD) age 55±1.8 years, and 14 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex and body mass index. Before ozonized autohemotransfusion, the mean baseline diameter of the brachial artery was higher in PAD patients than in healthy subjects (4.6±0.54 mm versus 3.6±0.54 mm, P<0.001) while mean flow-mediated brachial artery dilation and percentage of increase in flow were significantly lower in PAD patients than in controls (6.3±6.1% versus 11.8±2.4%, P<0.02; 433±61% versus 580±46%, P<0.02, respectively). No significant changes were observed after ozonized autohemotransfusion, indicating that ozonized autohemotransfusion does not modify endothelium-dependent ischemia-induced vascular reactivity.     

Apo e4 allele is associated with endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in women with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that the e4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apo E) relates to the endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in men with type 2 diabetes. This study attempted to assess whether apo e4 allele is associated with endothelial dysfunction in women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We selected 144 Chinese Han female type 2 diabetic patients without clinically detectable angiopathy. Polymerase chain reaction/ASO probes were used to determine their mouthwash DNA apo E genotypes, and high-resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia (with increased flow causing endothelium-dependent dilation) and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GTN, an endothelium-independent dilator). RESULTS: The flow-mediated arterial dilation among the subjects with e4/3 or e4/4 was 3.56+/-0.23%, which was significantly lower than that in subjects with e2/2 or e3/2 (3.97+/-0.36%) (p=0.000). The baseline vessel size, GTN-induced dilation and baseline blood flows were not significantly different among different apo E genotypes. On univariate analysis, reduced flow-mediated arterial dilation was significantly related to total cholesterol, LDL, Lp(a), high blood pressure, older age, family history of premature vascular disease, larger vessel size, duration of diabetes and e4 allele (p<0.05). By multiple stepwise regression analysis, reduced flow-mediated arterial dilation was associated with older age, large vessel size, duration of diabetes, positive family history, LDL, Lp(a) and e4 allele (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The apo e4 allele is associated with impairment of endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in the relatively early stage of female type 2 diabetes.     

甲状腺功能正常的桥本氏病患者肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能研究

目的探讨甲状腺功能正常的桥本氏病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能的变化。方法选择甲状腺功能正常的女性桥本氏病患者28例(HT甲功正常组),甲状腺功能减低的女性桥本氏病患者23例(HT甲减组)、正常女性22例(对照组)及甲状腺机能亢进症患者11例(甲亢组)。采用高分辨血管外超声法检测肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能和内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能。结果HT甲功正常组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能为3.88%,明显低于对照组的4.98%(P<0.01),而又明显高于HT甲减组3.26%(P<0.01)。同时,HT甲减组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。甲亢组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能为10.42%,基础血流量为114.5 m l/m in,明显高于其它3组。4组间内皮非依赖性血管舒张功能、基础血管内径相似(P>0.05)。结论甲状腺功能正常的桥本氏病患者内皮依赖性血管舒张功能降低。     

Changes in endothelium-dependent arterial dilation before and after subtotal thyroidectomy in subjects with hyperthyroidism

OBJECTIVE: This case-control study was carried out to assess the alteration of endothelium-dependent arterial dilation before and after subtotal thyroidectomy in subjects with hyperthyroidism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study subjects included 12 patients with hyperthyroidism and 39 apparently healthy individuals. We performed a subtotal thyroidectomy on the hyperthyroid patients. The endothelium-dependent arterial dilation was determined with a high-resolution ultrasound method in each patient at the hyperthyroid stage before treatment (stage H), the euthyroid stage induced immediately before surgery (stage E), and the transient hypothyroid stage 1 or 2 months after surgery (stage L). RESULTS: The flow-mediated arterial dilation decreased significantly from H to E and from E to L (P < 0.001). As compared with H, baseline blood flow decreased markedly at stages E and L (P < 0.001). The flow-mediated arterial dilation and baseline blood flow in the control subjects were very close to those at stage E of the hyperthyroid patients. The absolute change in the flow-mediated arterial dilation showed significant negative correlation with the changes in TSH (r =-0.86, P < 0.001), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] (r =-0.77, P < 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (r =-0.79, P < 0.001), and significant positive correlation with changes in fT3 (r =+0.88, P < 0.001). The absolute change in the baseline blood flow showed significant positive correlation with the change in fT3 (r =+0.85, P < 0.001) and significant negative correlation with the change in TSH (r =-0.63, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The endothelium-dependent arterial dilation increases significantly in untreated hyperthyroid patients, and decreases markedly after a subtotal thyroidectomy. Therefore, we conclude that the endothelium is more responsive to reactive hyperaemia in the hyperthyroid than the euthyroid state.