北京某高校教职工人群体重指数与血脂水平现况研究

目的分析北京某高校教职工体检人群体重指数(BMI)、血脂异常率情况。方法以2009年5～6月在北京交通大学医院接受常规体检的2848人为研究对象,按照不同年龄段分为7组,分别测定BMI及血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果北京某高校教职工超重和肥胖的比例高达46.1%,BMI随年龄的增长而逐渐增加,到60～69岁年龄组达到高峰,以后逐渐下降。体检者高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇增高率分别为9.9%、14.8%、9.9%、8.1%;血脂异常率随BMI的增加而增高。结论北京某高校教职工超重、肥胖和血脂异常的患病率近年来呈升高趋势。随BMI的增加,血脂异常率明显增高。     

宜兴地区成年体检人群体重指数与脂质代谢的相关性分析

目的 探讨宜兴地区18岁以上体检人群体重指数(BMI)与脂质代谢之间的关系. 方法对2007年1月-2008年12月在宜兴市人民医院体检中心接受年度查体的1652例健康成人进行横断面调查,测定BMI、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆同醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),分析BMI与血脂异常的相关性. 结果本组体检人群中超重和肥胖的发生率为45.34%和12.95%,血脂异常发生率为56.30%;男件BMI肥胖和超重的发生率和血脂异常的发生率均显著高于女性(P<0.05);男性肥胖/超重组BMI和TG均显著高于正常组,HDL-C明显低于正常组,女性肥胖/超重组BMI和LDL-C均显著高于正常组,超重组TG明显高于正常组;肥胖、超重人群血脂异常的发病率明显高于正常人群(P<0.05). 结论近年来宜兴地区超重、肥胖和血脂异常的发病率较高;超重肥胖者易伴随着脂质代谢异常,随着体重指数的增加,血脂异常的发病率明显增高.     

延吉市中年女性体质指数与血脂异常的关系

目的研究吉林省延吉市体检人群中45~59岁女性的体质指数(BMI)与血脂异常发病之间的关系。方法以2012年9月—2013年8月在延吉市医院接受常规体检的918名中年女性为研究对象,测量身高、体重,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,分析BMI与血脂异常发病率以及血压变化之间的关系。结果调查对象中超重和肥胖者各占24.6%和7.1%;TC和TG增高、HDL-C降低和LDL-C增高分别占21.2%、30.1%、2.9%和12.1%;血脂异常发病率随BMI升高而增加。肥胖、超重者血脂异常和高血压的发病率明显高于体重正常者(P0.05)。结论延吉市中年女性随着BMI的增加血脂异常的发病率明显增高。     

珠海市干部人群高尿酸血症患病率相关性分析

目的:了解机关干部高尿酸血症人群分布情况,分析体质指数(BMI)、血脂异常、饮酒、饮食习惯以及高嘌呤食物与其患病率的相关性。方法:以2008年度珠海市干部体检人群为研究对象,向其发放调查问卷,了解其饮食结构、劳动强度、运动、饮酒等生活习惯,并分别测定其BMI、血尿酸(UA)、血糖(Glu)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果:珠海市干部人群高尿酸血症总患病率为35.42%,并随年龄增长而上升,有年轻化的趋势,以中老年人为主,其中男性患病率(43.74%)显著高于女性(15.39%)。高尿酸血症人群并发脂肪肝、超重或肥胖(BMI≥24)、高TC血症、高TG血症、LDL-C增高、HDL-C降低的患病率远远高于非高尿酸血症人群(P0.05)。经常摄入高嘌呤饮食者高尿酸血症的患病率明显增高。结论:干部体检人群高尿酸血症患病率随年龄增长而上升,有年轻化的趋势,并与性别、超重或肥胖、血脂异常、高嘌呤食物呈显著正相关性。     

成人体质指数与血脂异常的相关性分析

目的分析成人体质指数(BMI)与血脂异常的相关性,为防制血脂异常提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在温州市瓯海区抽取≥18周岁的户籍居民3 938人进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。比较不同BMI人群胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平及指标异常检出率,采用多元线性回归模型分析BMI与血脂水平的相关性。结果实际调查3 938人,完成问卷和体检项目3 905人,占99.16%。体重过低、正常、超重和肥胖分别占3.99%、55.01%、32.91%和8.09%。超重及肥胖人群TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于正常人群,而HDL-C水平低于正常人群(均P0.05)。高TC血症、高TG血症、低HDL-C血症和高LDL-C血症以及血脂异常总检出率分别为16.13%、17.46%、17.98%、12.60%和39.90%,均随BMI增大呈上升趋势(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,BMI值与TG和LDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(β’=0.205、0.120、-0.158,均P0.05)。结论成人BMI与血脂异常相关,与TG、HDL-C和LDL-C关系更为密切。     

北京市顺义区人群体质指数与血糖及血脂的相关性分析

目的探讨北京市顺义区人群体质指数(BMI)与血糖及血脂的关系。方法运用与人口规模成比例的概率抽样方法,抽取18~79岁顺义区常住居民3 840人进行血糖、血脂及相关因素调查;计算BMI;检测空腹血糖(FPG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)等指标,并对相关资料进行统计分析。结果该地区人群超重率和肥胖率分别为38.3%和27.1%,其中男性超重率(40.2%)和肥胖率(29.3%)明显高于女性超重率(36.8%)和肥胖率(25.3%),差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);人群平均BMI及超重、肥胖率均随年龄的增加有增加的趋势(P0.05);不论男性还是女性,超重和肥胖组高血糖和血脂异常的检出率均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各年龄组内,高血糖及血脂异常检出率随BMI的增高呈增高的趋势(均P0.05)。结论顺义区人群超重、肥胖形势严峻,且超重、肥胖与高血糖和血脂异常密切相关,开展群体超重、肥胖干预行动刻不容缓。     

安徽省成年人群血脂异常特征的流行病学调查分析

目的了解安徽省成年人群血脂异常特征。方法以多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽样安徽省24个乡镇(街道),72个村(居委会)地区3 600户居民,每户随机抽样调查18岁以上居民1人。采用问卷调查和医学体检,对每一名被调查者进行身高、体重、血压等测量,并采集空腹及餐后2h静脉血进行血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)检测。结果成年人群血脂TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C异常患病率分别为:4.0%、11.6%、27.4%、1.9%。男性TG、HDL-C异常患病率(13.8%、31.4%)高于女性(9.9%、24.2%)(P0.01,OR值分别为1.458、1.447)。18~59岁年龄段人群血脂TG、HDL-C异常患病率呈上升趋势。BMI≥24.0 kg/m2、高血压、糖尿病人群中合并高TG血症者分别占18.5%、15.7%、21.1%,人群高TG血症与超重、高血压、糖尿病相关OR值分别达到3.247、2.029、2.438。结论安徽省成年人群血脂异常以高TG血症、低HDL-C血症为主要特点,人群高TG血症与超重、高血压、糖尿病相关。应引导大众科学健康饮食、控制体重、健康生活方式,以有效控制人群血脂异常的流行。     

某高校教职工血脂异常检测结果分析

目的 了解高校教职工血脂异常的发生情况，为制定有效的防控策略提供依据。方法 对617例教职工体检结果进行统计分析。结果 体检人群血脂异常总检出率为19.77%,高胆固醇血症检出率为4.38%,高甘油三酯血症检出率为13.61%,混合型高脂血症检出率为2.43%,低HDL-C血症检出率为5.51%。血脂水平处于边缘升高状态的人群数量明显高于血脂升高人数。男性、BMI≥24 kg/m²、吸烟、饮酒、空腹血糖升高以及血压升高者血脂异常检出率显著升高，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血脂异常检出率随年龄增加呈逐渐上升趋势(P=0.001)。结论 该高校教职工血脂异常率低于全国平均水平。男性、年龄增长、超重或肥胖、吸烟饮酒和空腹血糖升高、血压升高仍然以较高比例与血脂异常合并出现，代谢性疾病应系统、全面、综合防治。血脂水平处于边缘升高状态的人群数量明显高于血脂升高人数，应增加对此类人群的关注，采取非药物治疗方法预防血脂异常的发生发展。     

体质指数对血压、血糖、血脂的影响

目的 探讨超重、肥胖对血压、血糖、血脂的影响.方法 对2009年医院体检中心1017名健康体检人群的体质指数(BMI)、血压、血糖、血脂等结果 进行统计分析.结果 超重检出率31.37%,肥胖检出率4.92%;随BMI升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平减低,收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平逐渐升高,高血压、高血糖、高血脂检出率亦增高.结论 健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高,超重、肥胖与高血压、高血糖、高血脂关系密切,需采取早期有效措施控制超重和肥胖倾向.     

1198名健康体检者血脂异常状况及血脂相关知识、态度和行为分析

目的了解福建省立医院部分体检人群血脂异常状况、影响因素及健康知识、态度和行为状况,为提倡健康生活方式、制定相关降脂干预措施提供依据。方法选取2013年3月福建省立医院1 198名健康体检者为调查对象,收集一般资料和血脂检测情况,并发放调查问卷,内容包括血脂相关知识、态度和行为的调查,分析血脂异常检出率,并采用logistic多因素分析不同年龄、职业、血脂异常家族史及其他疾病史之间的关系。结果血脂异常患病率为44.6%,其中高胆固醇(TC)血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)血症和高甘油三酯(TG)血症的检出率分别为12.4%、28.1%、11.4%和11.2%;年龄、家族史、职业、体质指数(BMI)和动脉硬化是影响血脂异常的独立因素;血脂知识、态度、行为和总知信行的平均得分分别为(20.14±8.49)、(3.46±0.89)、(10.96±1.98)和(34.56±9.14)分。结论福州市体检人群血脂患病率高且血脂知识较为缺乏,应重点加强40岁以上、有血脂异常家族史、超重或肥胖以及动脉硬化人群的血脂监测,并提倡以生活方式改变为基础的降脂干预措施。     

Effects of Physical Examination and Diet Consultation on Serum Cholesterol and Health-behavior in the Korean Pilots Employed in Commercial Airline

An objective of this study is to search how physical examination and diet consultation can influence those risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The subjects were 326 pilots of the “B” airline company in Korea whose total cholesterol values were over 220 mg/dl on their regular physical examinations from April 2006 to December 2008. They were divided into two groups, one who had diet consultation (an intervention group) and a control group. The physical examination components used to each group were body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG). The behavioral, anthropometric and biomedical measurements were collected at each visit. This study compares and investigates the changes of serum cholesterol and also the health-behavior at each physical examination. Within the intervention group significant improvements were observed for total cholesterol, BMI (body mass index) and HDL (high density lipoprotein). The normalizing rates for cholesterol level to decrease down to lower than 200 mg/dl were 17.7% in intervention group and 8.7% in control group, which is statistically significantly higher among the intervention group. The odds ratio of diet consultation was 2.80 (95% CI=1.35–5.79), which indicates that it is a significantly contributing factor to normalize the serum cholesterol value down to lower than 200 mg/dl. Based on result, it is recommended to have regular physical examination and intensive management with diet and exercise consultation.     

正常人群非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血致动脉硬化指数水平分析

目的 分析甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）均为正常范围内体检人员的非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）和血致动脉硬化指数（AIP）水平情况,为防治血脂异常提供依据。方法 从2001～2006年在我院体体检的45470人中,选择甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC均为正常合适范围内的14855人,同时测定高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,计算出non-HDL-C、LDL-C、AIP;并按性别及不同年龄段进行分组,将各组进行比较分析。结果 男性non-HDL-C、AIP水平明显高于女性,并随年龄增高而逐渐升高;AIP与TG、non-HDL-C、LDL-C成正相关,non-HDL-CTG、TC、LDL-C、AIP成正相关,两者与HDL-C均成负相关。结论 TG、TC均为正常人群中,仍具有发生动脉粥样硬化危险,且男性高于女性,并随着年龄增高而呈升高趋势,老年组更为明显,应引起重视。     

常州市成人血脂异常的流行特征分析

目的探讨常州地区当前一般人群血脂异常的流行特点。方法利用2012年1 259名健康检查者资料,分析并比较不同性别、不同年龄人群血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的异常率以及TG与TC、LDL-C、HDL-C的关系。结果①男性TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C异常率均高于女性,按年龄分层,男女TC、LDL-C异常率均随年龄增加呈上升趋势,但男性TG异常率与年龄不呈正比。无论男性还是女性,不同年龄段HDL-C异常率未见统计学差别。②男性血脂异常者中有49.9%为混合型,女性则有52.2%为混合型。③logistic回归分析表明,校正性别、年龄后,TG异常与TC异常呈正相关（OR 95%CI=1.563~3.409）,与HDL-C异常呈负相关（OR 95%CI=0.246~0.974）。结论常州地区成年人血脂异常率较高,且混合型血脂异常占较高比例,今后应积极开展预防血脂异常的健康教育。     

Influence of mitochondrial DNA 5178 C/A polymorphism on serum cholesterol changes: a short-term follow-up in middle-aged Japanese men

Objective

The mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism is reportedly associated with longevity in the Japanese population, and the Mt5178A genotype may exert anti-atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were longitudinal differences in serum lipid levels between carriers of the Mt5178C genotype and those of the Mt5178A genotype and to assess the impact of these genotypes on serum cholesterol levels.

Methods

The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were measured and the Mt5178 C/A genotypes determined in 110 Japanese men aged 41–66 (mean 52.3) years who had received medical checkups twice in the period 1999–2005. The longitudinal changes of TC, HDLC, and LDLC were calculated according to genotype.

Results

The serum levels of TC at baseline and follow-up were significantly different, whereas those of HDLC and LDLC were not. The changes in HDLC differed significantly between the two Mt5178 C/A genotype groups, with the changes in HDLC level being significantly greater in the Mt5178A genotype group than in the Mt5178C group (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

The Mt5178 C/A genotype may modify longitudinal changes in serum TC and HDLC levels in middle-aged Japanese men.     

Triglyceride Recrystallized Phytosterols in Fat-Free Milk Improve Lipoprotein Profiles More Than Unmodified Free Phytosterols in Hypercholesterolemic Men and Women

Objective: Foods incorporating plant sterols (PS) consistently decrease serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), although results vary depending on the PS form and food matrix. The objective was to study the effect of a novel triglyceride-recrystallized phystosterol (TRP) incorporated into fat-free milk on markers of cardiovascular risk compared to unmodified free sterols alone in the same fat-free milk.

Methods: Hypercholesterolemic men and women (n = 13 males/7 females; 56 ±10 years; body mass index 27.3 ±5.9 kg/m²) participated in 3 sequential 4-week phases of 480 mL milk consumption. During phase 1 (control) all subjects consumed 2% milk containing no PS, followed by phase 2 with fat-free milk containing free PS (2 g/d fPS) and phase 3 with fat-free milk with TRP (2 g/d). After each phase, determinations of lipoprotein cholesterol distribution, particle concentration via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), apolipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and fat-soluble dietary antioxidants were made.

Results: Body mass, body composition, dietary energy and macronutrients, and physical activity were unaffected throughout the study. Compared to the control 2% milk, LDL-C was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by fPS (?9.1%) and was further decreased by TRP (?15.4%); reductions with TRP were significantly greater. Total LDL particle concentration was decreased to a greater extent after TRP (?8.8%) than fPS (?4.8%; p < 0.05). Only TRP significantly decreased serum levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB; ?6%), interleukin-8 (IL-8; ?11%) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1; ?19%). Plasma α- and γ-tocopherols and carotenoids, normalized to cholesterol, remained unchanged throughout the study with the exception that β-carotene was lowered by 18%.

Conclusion: In summary, TRP in fat-free milk may provide cardiovascular benefits beyond that of fPS by inducing more substantial decreases in LDL cholesterol and particle concentration, associated with declines in markers of vascular inflammation.     

Trends in serum cholesterol and lifestyle indicators in Members of the Finnish Parliament

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent that public health promotion activity is reflected in life styles of national decision makers, by analysing trends in coronary heart disease risk factors in Members of the Finnish Parliament (MPs). METHODS: The MPs were studied at the beginning of two subsequent 4-year parliamentary periods between 1991 and 1999. The studies included analyses of serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a questionnaire about alcohol, smoking and physical activity. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol was above the national recommendation of 5.0 mmol/l in 85% of the male MPs and 62% of the female MPs. The mean level of serum total cholesterol increased in female MPs during the 4-year follow-up period (P < 0.05), and male MPs showed an increase in mean HDL cholesterol (P < 0.001). The mean body mass index increased in both male (P < 0.01) and female (P < 0.01) MPs during the same period. Alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity were unchanged during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: From the public health perspective, serum cholesterol is too high in most MPs, and the level in males is above the national average. Both males and females put on weight during the parliamentary period, and male MPs also showed an increase in HDL cholesterol, which may be explained by other lifestyle factors.     

DIETARY FIBER, EXERCISE AND SELECTED BLOOD LIPID CONSTITUENTS

The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of cholesterol, presumably a protective factor in coronary heart disease, rises in response to even moderate exercise. Certain dietary fibers in common with certain other dietary changes, depress total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol selectively, without affecting HDL cholesterol levels.     

Cradle-to-grave atherosclerosis: high density lipoprotein cholesterol.

This presentation reviews environmental and genetic factors that relate to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, the most potent independent lipoprotein risk factor for coronary heart disease. Although at least three decades of work have focused upon the primary atherogenic lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL), which has a strong positive association with coronary heart disease (CHD), it has only been in the past decade that detailed epidemiologic and biochemical studies have revealed that high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL) is the most potent lipoprotein cholesterol related to coronary heart disease; this relationship is, however, inverse.     

Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia: a randomized,placebo-controlled crossover trial

This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the lipid-altering efficacy of a dietary supplement (tablet form) providing 1.8 g/day free (non-esterified) plant sterols and stanols versus placebo for 6 weeks as part of a therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet in 32 men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Mean ± SE baseline (end of a 5-week TLC diet lead-in) lipid concentrations (mmol/l) were total cholesterol (TC), 5.88 ± 0.08; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 4.71 ± 0.09; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 4.02 ± 0.08; HDL-C, 1.17 ± 0.06 and triglycerides (TGs), 1.51 ± 0.12. Differences from control in responses (plant sterol/stanol ? control) were significant (p < 0.05) for LDL-C ( ? 4.9%), non-HDL-C ( ? 3.6%) and TC ( ? 2.8%). HDL-C and TG responses were not significantly different between treatment conditions. These results indicate that 1.8 g/day free plant sterols/stanols administered in a tablet produced favourable lipoprotein lipid changes in men and women with hypercholesterolaemia.     

Relationship of sufficient and abundant level of minerals to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in male rats

Recent studies have shown the effects of inidividual essential metals, or simple combinations of them, on lipid metabolism. Perturbations in blood or liver lipids due to 1% dietary cholesterol were seen in rats fed purified diets containing National Research Council (NRC) recommended levels of minerals, while rats fed chow were protected against these effects. To determine the effects of dietary minerals on lipids and lipoproteins, a study was conducted using male rats fed purified diets with two mineral mixtures, one equivalent to NRC recommendations and the other with levels similar to those present in chow. The effects of 1% dietary cholesterol in these groups were compared with those observed in chow-fed rats. The added mineral mixture affected the cholesterol distribution in the lipoprotein fractions by increasing the ratio of high density lipoprotein (HDL) to very low density + low density lipoprotein (VLDL + LDL) from 0.2 to 0.9. Moreover, it significantly reduced the total liver lipid, thus minimizing the fatty liver formation. In view of the above findings, dietary levels of essential mineral nutrients must be considered in studying the relationship of cholesterol to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.