Brief report: quality of life in overweight youth-the role of multiple informants and perceived social support

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of overweight status on pediatric quality of life (QOL). METHOD: This correlational study examined the relationship between weight, social support, race, informant, and QOL in a sample of 107 clinically overweight youth, ages 12 to 17 years. RESULTS: Regression analysis did not support the relation between QOL and weight. Social support was a significant predictor of youth reports of overall QOL. Males reported better physical QOL than females by both parent and youth report. Paired-samples t-tests supported a discrepancy between child and parent-proxy reports of QOL; parents reported significantly worse QOL than their children across many dimensions. Analysis of variance found no significant difference between Caucasian and African American youth's QOL. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlighted the importance of considering informant, gender, and the impact of social support when measuring QOL in clinically overweight pediatric populations.     

Adolescent depression: the role of discontinuities in life course and social support

OBJECTIVE: To study sociodemographic determinants of depression among 14-16 years old girls and boys, and the role of perceived social support in mediating the effects of the background variables. METHOD: 16464 adolescents aged 14-16 participated the School Health Promotion Study, a survey about health, health behaviour and school behaviour. Depression was measured by the Finnish modification of the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory. Moderate to severe symptoms in this scale were recorded as depression. RESULTS: Depression was associated with family structure in both sexes. Among girls, having moved recently and low parental education increased the risk for depression, among boys, unemployment in the family. Accumulating number of discontinuities in life course increased the proportion of the depressed among both girls and boys. Perceived lack of social support had the same effect. Lack of support did not explain the effect on depression of the discontinuities in life course. CONCLUSION: To detect risk groups for adolescent depressive disorders, health services should pay attention to adolescents who have experienced life changes. Perceived social support should be enquired.     

大学生人格影响幸福感的机制 核心自我评价与社会支持的作用

探讨核心自我评价和社会支持在大学生的人格特质作用于主观幸福感的影响机制,本研究采用埃森克简易量表、核心自我评价量表、领悟性社会支持量表、主观幸福感量表对500名大学生进行调查。结果发现:①人格的外倾性特质显著的正向预测大学生的主观幸福感、生活满意度和积极情绪;神经质特质显著的负向预测大学生的主观幸福感、生活满意度和积极情绪,显著地正向预测消极情绪;②核心自我评价和社会支持在外倾性特质预测幸福感的作用中起部分中介作用;核心自我评价和社会支持在神经质预测幸福感的作用中起完全中介作用。本研究结果表明,高校心理健康教育和心理咨询工作中,要重视提高自我核心评价能力和领悟社会支持能力,特别是针对神经质特质大学生,提高核心自我评价,既提高他们自信、自尊、自我效能感、自立等能力和领悟社会支持的能力有助于提高他们生活满意度、积极情绪、主观幸福感以及促进心理健康水平的有效途径。     

Responses to depression in unipolar depressed patients: an investigation of Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles theory

BACKGROUND: The response styles theory suggests that rumination in response to depressed mood exacerbates and prolongs depression, while distraction ameliorates and shortens it. Gender differences in response styles are said to contribute to the observed gender differences in the prevalence of unipolar depression. While empirical support for the theory has been found from a variety of non-clinical studies, its generalizability to clinically depressed patient populations remains unclear. METHODS: A cohort of 52 unipolar depressed in-patients was assessed with the Response Styles Questionnaire during in-patient stay (T1) and 4 weeks after discharge (T2). The patients were followed up 4 months after discharge (T3). Clinical assessment included the SCAN-PSE-10. RESULTS: Moderate and statistically significant retest-stabilities for rumination and distraction were found, comparable for patients with stable and changing depression status from T1 to T2. A cross-sectional diagnosis of a major depressive episode was associated with rumination, while gender was not. Post-discharge baseline rumination (T2), adjusted for concurrent depression, predicted follow-up levels of depression (T3), and, in patients who were non-remitted at post-discharge baseline, it predicted presence of a major depressive episode at follow-up (T3). Results on distraction were more ambiguous. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that rumination is likely to have a deteriorating impact on the course of clinical episodes of depression in unipolar depressed patients. Larger longitudinal patient studies are needed to validate these findings.     

The relationship of subjective sleep quality, pain, and quality of life in advanced cancer patients

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Cancer patients have been reported to complain about poor quality of sleep. This study evaluated the quality of sleep in this group, utilizing demographic data and clinical features of the cancers as assessment criteria. A secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between the self-rated questionnaire for the quality of sleep with other instruments used in measuring pain and quality of life. DESIGN: A total of 102 patients with stage IV cancer completed the study and were subsequently followed for up to 10 months. Self-rated questionnaires were administered for the evaluation of quality of sleep (PSQI), quality of life Medical Outcomes Study 12-item short-form (SF-12) questionnaire, the Mental Component Summary (MSC) and the Physical Component Summary (PCS), and pain (VAS Pain). The mediation analysis model was also used to evaluate how quality of life can influence the quality of sleep through its relation to pain, the performance status of patients and analgesics (Opioids). PATIENTS: The mean age of the study participants was 62.8 (range: 26.0-87.0) years old. The majority (70.6%) of the patients presented with ECOG score between 2 and 3 and with metastasis (58.8%). RESULTS: Mean Global Sleep Quality score was 12.0+/-4.6. The use of the PSQI questionnaire in cancer patients demonstrated that these subjects were prone to sleep poor quality. However, the various demographic variables and clinical features of the cancers did not affect quality of sleep. Global Sleep Quality scores from the PSQI correlated with the scores obtained from the SF-12 questionnaire and with the VAS Pain results, indicating a relationship between quality of sleep, quality of life and pain. However, only the SF-12 questionnaire had predictive value on quality of sleep. Mediation analysis showed that quality of life influences quality of sleep both directly and indirectly by its effect on pain. In addition, some of the effect of quality of life on sleep quality was mediated by the use of opioids. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of sleep in patients suffering from stage IV cancer was significantly decreased. Demographic data and clinical variables of cancers did not affect the PSQI Global Sleep Quality score. The use of the mediation model also provides evidence that quality of sleep, quality of life, pain, and opioids are strictly correlated each other.     

肝癌部分切除术患者心理弹性与社会支持、应对方式的相关性

目的:探讨肝癌部分切除术患者心理弹性与社会支持、应对方式的相关性.方法:选取某院2018年5月-2020年5月112例肝癌部分切除术患者,调查患者一般资料,使用中文版心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)评价患者心理弹性,并通过中文版医学应对问卷(MCMQ)和社会支持评定量表对患者进行问卷调查,分析患者心理弹性与社会支持、应对...     

Behavioral social support between remitted depressed patients with partners and strangers

BACKGROUND: Social support is associated with depression outcome and is effected by observable behaviors that express involvement. METHODS: Eleven remitted depressed patients were studied during a social interaction with their partner and a similar interaction with a stranger, matched on the sex and age of the partner. RESULTS: The patient-partner interaction displayed lower levels of involvement as compared to the patient-stranger interaction despite successful treatment for depression. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the findings are reflective of the continuing depressogenic process. LIMITATIONS: A healthy control group for the patient-partner group was not employed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Behavioral interactions between patients and partners may require as much attention during treatment as depressive symptomology alone.     

Predicting health-related quality of life in dialysis patients: Factors related to negative outcome expectancies and social support

ObjectivesDialysis patients report a low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) due to high disease burden and far-reaching consequences of dialysis treatment. This study examined several cognitive-behavioral and social factors, with a focus on negative outcome expectancies, that might be relevant for HRQOL in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients treated with dialysis.MethodsPatients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were recruited from Dutch hospitals and dialysis centers. Patients completed self-report questionnaires at baseline (n = 175) and six months follow-up (n = 130). Multiple regression analyses were performed.ResultsHigher scores on factors related to negative outcome expectancies at baseline, especially helplessness and worrying, and less perceived social support were significantly related to worse HRQOL six months later. When controlling for baseline HRQOL, besides sex and comorbidity, helplessness remained significantly predictive of worse HRQOL six months later, indicating that helplessness is associated with changes in HRQOL over time.ConclusionsNegative outcome expectancies and social support are relevant markers for HRQOL and/or changes in HRQOL over time.Practice implicationsNegative outcome expectancies could be prevented or diminished by enhanced treatment information, an improved patient-clinician relationship, and interventions that promote adaptive and realistic expectations. Additionally, increasing supportive social relationships could be a relevant treatment focus.     

Coping styles and quality of life in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The authors examined the relationship between coping style and perceived quality of life in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients (N=123) and nondiabetic comparison patients (N=124) treated at a Portuguese health center completed the Nottingham Health Profile, a quality-of-life measure. The diabetic patients also completed the Coping Responses Inventory, a measure of coping styles. In both groups, female subjects had poorer quality-of-life ratings than male subjects. Diabetic patients were more likely to regard diabetes and the consequent changes in lifestyle as a threat than as a challenge. A greater proportion of diabetic patients used avoidance coping styles, which overall were related to worse quality of life, than used active confrontation coping styles. Coping style was significantly correlated with several dimensions of quality of life in diabetic patients.     

社会支持在自尊和心理弹性关系的调节效应

本研究旨在探讨自尊、社会支持、心理弹性之间的关系以及自尊和社会支持对大学生心理弹性的影响。采用分层抽样的方式从湖南省3个不同层次的高校选取345名被试,运用SPSS 20.0对数据进行分析后发现:大学生的自尊、社会支持、心理弹性三者及其各维度显著相关,自尊对心理弹性有着正向作用,社会支持作为调节变量可以增强自尊对心理弹性的正向作用。     

农村老年人生活质量及与负性生活事件、社会支持的相关性

目的:了解农村老年人生活质量的相关因素,以及负性生活事件和社会支持对生活质量的交互作用.方法:在湖南浏阳农村社区采用多阶段抽样方法,共调查了839名≥60岁的常住居民(应答率为89.2％).用老年人生活事件量表(LESE)评估老年人的生活事件及其刺激量,用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估社会支持,用6条目生活质量量表(QOL)评估生活质量.结果:样本QOL得分为(20±4),SSRS得分为(40±8),负性生活事件总刺激量得分在0 ～ 240分之间,中位数M=12(P25=2,P75=32).多元线性回归分析显示,与配偶一起生活(b=-0.55)、收入较高(b=0.52)、负性生活事件刺激量较低(b=1.63)、社会支持较高(b=-0.69)的老人有较高的生活质量.交互作用分析显示负性生活事件刺激量评分与社会支持评分存在交互作用(超额相对危险度为2.72,95％CI =0.48 ～4.97;交互作用指数为2.42,95％ CI=1.25～4.62).结论:本研究提示对农村老年人,尤其是遭遇了负性生活事件的农村老年人,提供社会支持,有助于改善其生活质量.     

Psychiatry: life events and social support in late life depression

OBJECTIVES:

To examine the association of life events and social support in the broadly defined category of depression in late life.

INTRODUCTION:

Negative life events and lack of social support are associated with depression in the elderly. Currently, there are limited studies examining the association between life events, social support and late-life depression in Brazil.

METHODS:

We estimated the frequency of late-life depression within a household community sample of 367 subjects aged 60 years or greater with associated factors. “Old age symptomatic depression” was defined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 1.1 tool. This diagnostic category included only late-life symptoms and consisted of the diagnoses of depression and dysthymia as well as a subsyndromal definition of depression, termed “late subthreshold depression”. Social support and life events were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (SHORT-CARE) inventory.

RESULTS:

“Old age symptomatic depression” occurred in 18.8% of the patients in the tested sample. In univariate analyses, this condition was associated with female gender, lifetime anxiety disorder and living alone. In multivariate models, “old age symptomatic depression” was associated with a perceived lack of social support in men and life events in women.

DISCUSSION:

Social support and life events were determined to be associated with late-life depression, but it is important to keep in mind the differences between genders. Also, further exploration of the role of lifetime anxiety disorder in late-life depression may be of future importance.

CONCLUSIONS:

We believe that this study helps to provide insight into the role of psychosocial factors in late-life depression.     

On subjective well-being and quality of life

We integrate the multi-disciplinary fields of quality of life (QoL) and well-being (WB) and appraise the impacts of health factors. Theoretical and methodological limitations are discussed and new conceptual and technical advances identified, These are informed by cross-cultural and community perspectives. Following a definitional review, social inequalities, and links with happiness are examined. Demographic, experiential and personal factors are outlined. Implications for poverty research are addressed. As the concept of SWB recently converged with the longstanding international QoL definition (WHOQOL Group, 1995), we discuss the separate need for SWB. Future collaborative conceptual and pragmatic research is recommended.     

主诉失眠的门诊就诊者主客观评估的睡眠质量与生命质量

目的:失眠者的主观睡眠感与实际睡眠情况常有不一致的现象,本研究通过探讨以失眠为主诉的门诊就诊者睡眠质量的主观、客观评估指标与生命质量的相关性,为临床制定失眠的整体治疗方案提供参考依据。方法:连续收集64例以失眠为主诉的接受多导睡眠图(PSG)检查的门诊患者的资料,用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估主观睡眠质量,SF-36健康调查量表评估生命质量,用贝克抑郁问卷(BDI)、贝克焦虑问卷(BAI)评估情绪状态。以17例正常人的PSG数据作为客观睡眠质量的基础对照。结果:本组失眠就诊者90%主观评价睡眠质量差,其PSG指标中与正常对照相比睡眠潜伏期延长、清醒次数增加、睡眠效率降低、快动眼睡眠潜伏期延长(均P<0.05)。失眠就诊者PSQI总分与SF-36生理健康总分呈负相关(r=-0.25,P<0.05),但以BDI、BAI分作为控制变量进行偏相关分析显示,PSQI总分及各因子分与SF-36生理健康和心理健康总分相关性无统计学意义;PSG主要指标与SF-36生理健康和心理健康总分相关性无统计学意义。结论:本研究显示失眠者主观感受的睡眠质量更可能与生命质量相关,但与失眠相关的抑郁、焦虑情绪可能起到主要作用,这提示失眠治疗中应重视改善患者的主观睡眠质量,以及识别和处理情绪问题。     

Course of social support and relationships between social support and life satisfaction in spouses of patients with stroke in the chronic phase

Objective

To describe the course of social support in spouses of patients with stroke, and to examine direct and indirect relationships between social support and life satisfaction over time.

Methods

Prospective cohort study (N = 180) with measurements at 2 months after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation, 1 year, and 3 years after stroke. Social support was assessed using the Social Support List-12, Life satisfaction with the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-9) and Caregiver strain with the Caregiver Strain Index. Random coefficient analyses was used.

Results

Total social support and the 3 subtypes of social support decreased significantly over time. In all models, caregiver strain was associated with lower life satisfaction and social support was associated with higher life satisfaction, but there were no interaction effects between caregiver strain and social support on life satisfaction.

Conclusion

Spouses of patients with stroke experienced a decline of social support over time. Social support was positively associated with life satisfaction, regardless of the amount of caregiver strain experienced by the spouses.

Practice implications

It is important to discuss with caregivers of stroke patients the importance of maintaining their own social contacts and to facilitate this by arranging support if appropriate.