胸腺肽对严重烧伤患者免疫功能调理的初步研究

目的研究胸腺肽对严重烧伤患者的免疫调理作用。方法选取30例严重烧伤患者（其中15例除常规治疗外还应用胸腺肽治疗），分别于伤后3、7、14、28天抽取静脉血，酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、干扰素-1（IFN-1），并用流式细胞仪测定单核细胞表面人类白细胞DR抗原（HLA—DR）。结果接受胸腺肽治疗的患者血浆IFN一叫水平升高持续至停药后较长的一段时间，未接受胸腺肽治疗的患者IFN-1水平几乎测不出。接受胸腺肽治疗的患者与未接受胸腺肽治疗的患者外周血TNF-α水平无显著差异。伤后7、14、28天接受胸腺肽治疗的患者单核细胞HLA—DR较未接受治疗组高。结论胸腺肽对严重烧伤患者的免疫功能有明显改善。     

XRCCl基因多态性与青海世居汉族乳腺癌关系的研究

目的：研究青海世居汉族人群乳腺癌易感性与x射线损伤修复交叉互补基因1（XRCC1）C26304T位点基因多态性的相关关系。方法：应用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段多态性（PCR—RFLPs）方法检测青海世居汉族人群30例乳腺癌患者（乳腺癌组）及30例乳腺良性病变患者（对照组）XRCClC26304T基因多态性分布情况。同时运用统计学方法对XRCClC26304T的基因型和基因频率进行分析。结果：XRCC1C26304T基因CC、CT、TT基因型在对照组中分别是56．7％、33．3％、10％,而在乳腺癌组中分别是50．0％、36．7％、13．3％。TT基因型在对照组及乳腺癌组中,相对于CT、CC基因组表达较低,但是对照组和乳腺癌组间并没有明显差异（P〉0．05）。经过分析,c、T基因频率在对照组中是0．733、0．267,而在乳腺癌组中是0．683、0．317,两组比较,c、T基因频率也无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：XRCClC26304T基因多态性可能与青海世居汉族人群乳腺癌易感性无关。     

高压氧综合治疗对严重烧伤患者血浆一氧化氮、内皮素-1含量的影响

目的研究严重烧伤患者血浆一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1）含量的变化及高压氧（HBO）的影响。方法选择烧伤总面积（TBSA）≥30％或Ⅲ度面积≥10％的患者84例，分为高压氧组（HBO组）和非高压氧组（non—HBO组），分别于伤后10个时相点抽取静脉血，分别用硝酸还原酶法，放免分析法测定血浆NO，ET-1含量的变化。结果non—HBO组患者伤后各时相点平均血浆ET-1含量明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），而NO的含量则显著降低（P〈0．01）；HBO组治疗后NO接近正常对照组（P〉0．05），但ET-1显著低于non—HBO组（P〈0．01）。结论严重烧伤患者血浆NO的降低及ET-1的升高参与烧伤后机体变化的全过程；HBO可显著改变严重烧伤患者血浆NO，ET-1含量，故对烧伤治疗有益。     

Toll样受体4基因3''未翻译区多态性对其蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨TLR4基因3’未翻译区（3’UTR）基因多态性对全血培养后TLR4蛋白表达的影响。方法分别采用单管双向等位基因特异性扩增和限制性片段长度多态法检测269名汉族健康献血者Toll样受体4（TLR4）基因3’UTR 11367和编码区896位点的基因多态性。其中89例全血标本，用全血培养模型检测内毒素刺激前后TLR4蛋白表达的变化，并测定培养上清中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α水平。结果89例健康献血者中，11367位点等位基因G和C的频率分别为82．58％和17．42％；63例是G等位基因纯合子（GG），21例为杂合子（GC），5例是C等位基因纯合子（CC）。基因型GC与CC内毒素刺激后TLR4表达增加程度显著低于GG纯合子表达增加程度（P〈0．05）。并且GG纯合子TNF—α诱生水平显著高于GC和CC基因型。在269例健康献血者中未发现896位点的G等位基因。结论TLR4基因3’UTR 11367G／C基因多态性对全血培养TLR4蛋白表达产生显著影响，并与LPS刺激后TNF—α分泌变化有关。     

人类白细胞抗原多态性与慢性肾功能衰竭的遗传易感性研究

目的：研究人类白细胞抗原（human leukocyte antigen,HLA）多态性与慢性肾功能衰竭（chronic renal failure,CRF）的遗传易感性。方法：采用聚合酶链反应．序列特异引物（PCR-SSP）技术,对2002—2007年间来我室配型的377例汉族慢性肾功能衰竭患者以及1212例正常无血缘关系汉族人群进行HLA-A／B／DRB1／DQB1基因分型,并对其在CRF患者及正常人群中的基因频率、单倍型频率以及相对危险度（RR）等进行统计学分析。结果：疾病组HLA-A＊02[RR（95％CI）：1．3598（1．2345,1．4978）]、DRBl＊04[RR（95％CI）：1．3651（1．1052,1．6862）]、DRB1＊12[RR（95％CI）：1．3162（1．0824,1．6006）]、DQB1＊0301[RR（95％CI）：1．3434（1．1745,1．5367）]以及DQB1＊0302[RR（95％CI）：1．5330（1．1136,2．1104）]可能是慢性肾功能衰竭的易感基因,而HLA-A＊11[RR（95％CI）：0．5782（0．4978,0．6849）]、B＊46[RR（95％CI）：0．6580（0．4930,0．8082）]、DQB1＊02[RR（95%CI）：0．7452（0．5961,0．9317）]以及DQBl＊05[RR（95%CI）：0．7742（0．6470,0．9264）]可能是慢性肾功能衰竭的保护性基因。DRB1＊11-DQB1＊0301[RR（95％CI）：1．5539（1．1896,2．0298）]、DRB1＊12-DQB1＊0301[RR（95％CI）：1．3315（1．0869,1．6311）]、A＊02-B＊15[RR（95％CI）：1．4654（1．0751,1．9973）]可能是慢性肾功能衰竭的易感单倍型型别。结论：慢性肾功能衰竭发生、发展与HLA基因型及其单倍型多态性有关,探讨该病与HLA多态性的易感性,对于研究CPF致病因素及治疗等具有一定意义。     

内毒素增敏系统与严重烧伤脓毒症的关系及其临床意义

目的 探讨严重烧伤患者内毒素增敏系统--脂多糖结合蛋白/脂多糖受体CD14(LBP/CD14)的变化与严重脓毒症的关系及其临床意义.方法 选择35例烧伤体表总面积大于30%患者,根据烧伤脓毒症的定义和诊断标准分为脓毒症组(19例)和非脓毒症组(16例),应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者烧伤后1、3、5、7、14、21、28...     

CRELD1基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病相关性研究

目的研究CRELD1基因单核苷酸多态性与新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病的关系。方法选择112例新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病患者和112例年龄、性别匹配的对照者。选择CRELD1基因的6个SNPs（m3894571、~3846167、m2302785、m279552、m17050660、m279551）,应用TaqManSNP基因分型的方法进行基因分型,分析CRELD1基因单核苷酸多态性与新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病的相关性。结果患者年龄和性别在入选样本时进行了匹配,所以在分析时进行了剔除。对先心病患者母亲的年龄、文化程度、忧虑情绪、饮食状况等基本情况进行单因素分析,结果显示年龄、文化程度、忧虑情绪、饮食状况等因素与先心病发生有关联。病例组与对照组CC、CT及TT基因型频率分别为74．35％、22．28％、3．37％和83．03％、16．07％、0．90％,两组比较无统计学差异（r=5．488,P〉0．05）。两组均以CC型为主,等位基因以C占优势,病例组TT基因型频率高于对照组,但是差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而CT、CT＋TT基因型频率和携带T等位基因频率高于对照组,有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。应用Logistic回归分析先心病主要相关因素：母亲年龄、文化程度、忧虑情绪、饮食状况对结果的影响,rs3894571CT、CT＋TT、CT、等位基因T因素进入回归方程。结论CRELD1基因核苷酸多态性与新疆维吾尔族先天性心脏病有相关性。     

血液渗透压监测在烧伤诊治中的应用及临床意义的探讨

为了进一步探讨烧伤病人血液渗透压的变化规律及其对伤后病程变化的影响，我们自1988年6月至1992年9月随机对62例烧伤住院患者进行了连续动态观察。结果发现；不同伤情和预后烧伤病人在不同病程阶段血液胶体渗透压（cop）和晶体渗透压在在明显不同的变化，其中A组38例烧伤面积小于30％BSA的存活病人伤后二周内血浆平均晶体渗透压较正常对照组无明显改变（P＞0．05），但其血浆cop降低显著（P＜0.05）。与A组比较，B组17例烧伤面积大于30％BSA的存活病人不但伤后血浆cop降低更为明显（P＜0．05），而且血浆晶体渗透压较正常人也存在明显升高（P＜0．05）但其增高幅度，和持续时间远低于C组7例烧伤面积大于50％BSA的死亡病人（两组比较P＜0．01）。从三组间血浆cop比较则以伤情最重，预后不良的C组降低最为显著，（较A、B两组P＜0．01和0．05）且多呈持续性下降。笔者结合临床对不同伤情及预后烧伤病人在不同病程阶段血液渗透压改变的原因进行了分析探讨，从而为血液渗透压监测在烧伤及其并发症诊治中的推广应用提供了理论依据。     

内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因Glu-298Asp多态性与冠心病及冠脉狭窄程度的关系

目的：探讨冠心病（coronary heart disease,CHD）患者内皮型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS）基因多态性与CHD及冠状动脉狭窄程度之间的关系。方法：收集2006年1月～2007年1月在我院行冠状动脉造影的病例,PCR检测eNOS基因谷氨酸一天门冬氨酸（Glu-298Asp）多态性,计算冠脉造影积分,比较不同eNOS基因型与CHD及冠状动脉病变狭窄程度之间的关系。结果：eNOS基因Glu--298Asp多态性在80例CHD患者中,TT基因型15例（0．19）,TG基因型21例（0．26）,GG基因型44例（0．55）;与对照组比较,TT和TG基因型的构成比有增加趋势。CHD组的T等位基因频率为0．32,G等位基因频率为0．68,CHD组的T等位基因频率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。CHD组不同基因型患者病变冠脉积分和冠脉病变积分差异显著。结论：在研究对象中,eNOS基因Glu-298Asp多态性与CHD及冠状动脉狭窄程度相关。     

中链/长链甘油三酯早期肠内营养对烧伤患者蛋白质代谢的影响

目的：比较烧伤患者早期肠内喂养中链甘油三酯（MCT）／长链甘油三酯（LCT）与单独喂养LCT对蛋白质代谢的不同影响，探讨MCT／LCT改善烧伤后营养状态及可能机制。方法：选取30例烧伤总面积（TBSA）＞30％的烧伤患者，随机分为两组，一组为Fresubin 750MCT(F组），饲以含MCT／LCT的肠内营养制剂Fresubin 750MCT,一组为Nutrison(N)组，饲以只含LCT的肠内营养制剂Nutrison。于伤后24h内开始完全肠内营养支持，共支持10d。在伤后1－10 d观察了两组患者血清转铁蛋白、前白蛋白，尿－3甲基组氨酸排泄率及每日尿总氮的变化情况。结果：烧伤后机体蛋白分解增加，血清蛋白水平下降，F组患者血清转铁蛋白、前白蛋白较N组明显升高，尿总氮F组在伤后5，6，7，8，9,10d显著低于N组（P＜0．05或0．01）；伤后7，10dF组尿3－甲基组氨酸排泄率均显著低于N组（P＜0．01或0．05）。结论：含MCT／LCT的肠内营养制剂能通过有效地减轻烧伤后机体蛋白分解、提高血清蛋白水平，而改善烧伤患者营养状况。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.