低强度脉冲超声通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖

目的:阐述低强度脉冲超声（LIPUS）对骨肉瘤细胞增殖的调控作用和机制,探索低强度脉冲超声治疗骨肉瘤的潜在价值。方法:在时间梯度实验中,将MG-63细胞分为LIPUS组和Control组,对LIPUS组加载1、6、12、18和24 h的低强度脉冲超声,CCK-8检测各组细胞增殖活力,Western Blots检测24 h低强度脉冲超声对PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的影响。在机制实验中,将MG-63细胞分为Control组、LY294002组、LIPUS组和LIPUS+740Y-P组,对各组施加对应的干预措施后使用CCK-8检测各组细胞增殖能力,Western Blots检测各组增殖相关蛋白PCNA和Cyclin D1的表达情况。所有数据重复3次后使用单因素方差分析统计。结果:加载低强度脉冲超声18和24 h后,LIPUS组的细胞增殖活力较对照组显著降低（P<0.010, P<0.001）,这些结果表明LIPUS可抑制MG-63细胞的增殖。LIPUS可抑制p-PI3K、p-AKT和p-mTOR的表达（P<0.001）,即抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的激活,而不影响PI3K、AKT和mTOR的表达。使用LIPUS就如同使用PI3K的抑制剂（LY294002）一样,可以抑制MG-63细胞的增殖（P<0.001）,在使用PI3K的激动剂740Y-P后,可逆转LIPUS对MG-63细胞增殖的抑制（P<0.001）。这些结果表明LIPUS可以通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路的激活来抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖。结论:低强度脉冲超声通过PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖,它可能是单独或联合放化疗治疗骨肉瘤的有效方法之一。     

miR-126 contributes to Parkinson's disease by dysregulating the insulin-like growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling

Dopamine (DA) neurons in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) display dysregulated gene expression networks and signaling pathways that are implicated in PD pathogenesis. Micro (mi)RNAs are regulators of gene expression, which could be involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We determined the miRNA profiles in laser microdissected DA neurons from postmortem sporadic PD patients' brains and age-matched controls. DA neurons had a distinctive miRNA signature and a set of miRNAs was dysregulated in PD. Bioinformatics analysis provided evidence for correlations of miRNAs with signaling pathways relevant to PD, including an association of miR-126 with insulin/IGF-1/PI3K signaling. In DA neuronal cell systems, enhanced expression of miR-126 impaired IGF-1 signaling and increased vulnerability to the neurotoxin 6-OHDA by downregulating factors in IGF-1/PI3K signaling, including its targets p85β, IRS-1, and SPRED1. Blocking of miR-126 function increased IGF-1 trophism and neuroprotection to 6-OHDA. Our data imply that elevated levels of miR-126 may play a functional role in DA neurons and in PD pathogenesis by downregulating IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling and that its inhibition could be a mechanism of neuroprotection.     

Aberrant IGF1–PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling pathway regulates the local immunity of oral lichen planus

ObjectivesOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated immune-related chronic disease, featured by accumulation of T cells and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF1) signaling, in combination with its downstream PI3K/AKT/MTOR cascade, plays pivotal roles in the regulation of inflammation and immune response. Meanwhile, TRB3 acts as a connective protein in the pathway. This study investigated the possible function of IGF1–PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway in the local immunity of OLP.MethodsThe expression of phosphorylated IGF1R (p-IGF1R) and TRB3 in lesional tissues of OLP was measured. The effects of T cells pretreated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MTOR antagonist rapamycin and exogenous IGF1 on the cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as supernatant inflammatory cytokine levels were detected in co-culture system of activated T cells and oral keratinocytes, respectively.ResultsThe expression of p-IGF1R and TRB3 in OLP lesions was significantly increased when compared with controls (P < 0.001). Rapamycin-treated T cells displayed enhanced apoptosis rate and promoted proliferation of their keratinocytes in the co-culture system. Notably, abnormal expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected in supernatant of T cell alone and co-culture system in response to pharmacological modulators of IGF1–PI3K/MTOR pathway.ConclusionsThe aberrant IGF1–PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling may participate in the immunoregulatory mechanism of OLP, via regulation on the crosstalk between T cells and keratinocytes, as well as imbalanced cytokine networks.     

miR-218 modulate hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation through PTEN/AKT/PI3K pathway and HoxA10

Purpose: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR-218 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: qPCR was used to compare the expression levels miR-218 among six hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and normal liver tissues. After transfecting MHCC97L cells with either miR-218 mimics or miR-218 inhibitor, western blotting was used to examine the expressing patterns of cyclinD1, p21, and PTEN/AKT/PI3K signaling pathway-related proteins. MTT and colony forming assay was used to assess the capability of cell proliferation. Bioinformatic method was applied to predict the binding of miR-218 on HoxA10, and western blotting was used to examine the modulatory effect of miR-218 AND HoxA10 on PTEN/AKT/PI3K pathway in HCC. Results: The expression levels of miR-218 were frequently lower in HCC cell lines than in normal liver tissues. Over-expression of miR-218 in HCC cells significantly decreased cell proliferation whereas inhibiting miR-218 promoted cancer cell proliferation. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that tumorigenesis related protein cyclin D1 and p21, as well as PTEN/AKT/PI3K signaling pathways were actively modulated by miR-218 in HCC cells. The expression of endogenous HoxA10 was also down-regulated by miR-218 over-expression, and silencing HoxA10 directly activated PTEN in HCC cells. Conclusion: Modulation of miR-218 actively affected HCC cancer cell development. The regulatory mechanism of miR-218 in HCC cells was acting through PTEN/AKT/PI3K pathway and possibly associated with HoxA10.     

下调miR-21 抑制PI3K / AKT 信号通路对白血病细胞增殖凋亡的影响

目的:探讨miR-21 对白血病K562 细胞增殖凋亡的影响及对PI3K/ AKT 信号通路的调控作用。方法:将K562 细胞分为对照组、miR-21 NC 组和miR-21 干扰组,对照组不做处理,后两组采用阳离子脂质体LipofectamineTM2000 转染miR-21 inhibitor 和miR-21 negative control。转染48 h 后,利用实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)检测各组细胞中miR-21 mRNA 的表达情况,采用MTT 比色法检测miR-21 对细胞增殖率的影响,流式细胞仪检测miR-21 对细胞周期和凋亡率的影响,蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测miR-21 对各组细胞中PI3K/ AKT 信号通路相关蛋白PI3K、AKT 和p-AKT 表达的影响。结果:miR-21 干扰组中细胞的miR-21 mRNA 表达水平和细胞的存活率较对照组和miR-21 NC 组均明显降低;与对照组和miR-21 NC 组比较,流式细胞仪检测miR-3 干扰组中G0/ G1 期所占细胞比例明显升高,S 期细胞所占比例明显下降,细胞的凋亡率明显升高。Western blot 检测p-AKT 的表达水平较对照组和miR-21 NC 组明显下降,但PI3K 和AKT 蛋白的表达水平变化不大。结论:下调miR-21 能够抑制白血病K562 细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,其作用机制可以与抑制PI3K/ AKT 信号通路有关。     

MicroRNA-129-5p suppresses proliferation,migration and invasion of retinoblastoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting PAX6

BackgroundRetinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children. Accumulating evidences have clarified that microRNAs (miRNAs) modulated signaling molecules by acting as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes in RB. Thus, in our study, we aimed to investigate the function of miR-129-5p in RB cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by targeting PAX6. Two RB cell lines, Y79 and WERI-Rb-1, were selected in our study, followed by transfection of miR-129-5p inhibitor or si-PAX6 to explore the regulatory role of miR-129-5p in RB cell proliferation, invasion and migration.Material and methodsDual-luciferase assay was used for the detection of targeting relationship between miR-129-5p and PAX6. Besides, western blot analysis was applied to detect expression of cell cycle-related factors (CDK2 and Cyclin E) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related factors (p-AKT and AKT). Nude mice tumorigenesis experiment was used to evaluate the effect of miR-129a-5p on RB growth in vivo.ResultsmiR-129-5p was down-regulated in RB cell lines. miR-129-5p directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region of PAX6. Artificial down-regulation of miR-129-5p promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in RB cell lines Y79 and WERI-Rb-1, and promoted RB growth in vivo via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which could be reversed by transfection with silencing PAX6.ConclusionThis study provides evidences that RB progression was suppressed by overexpressed miR-129-5p via direct targeting of PAX6 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may provide a molecular basis for better treatment for RB.     

Absence of both Sos‐1 and Sos‐2 in peripheral CD4+ T cells leads to PI3K pathway activation and defects in migration

Sos‐1 and Sos‐2 are ubiquitously expressed Ras‐guanine exchange factors involved in Erk‐MAP kinase pathway activation. Using mice lacking genes encoding Sos‐1 and Sos‐2, we evaluated the role of these proteins in peripheral T‐cell signaling and function. Our results confirmed that TCR‐mediated Erk activation in peripheral CD4⁺ T cells does not depend on Sos‐1 and Sos‐2, although IL‐2‐mediated Erk activation does. Unexpectedly, however, we show an increase in AKT phosphorylation in Sos‐1/2dKO CD4⁺ T cells upon TCR and IL‐2 stimulation. Activation of AKT was likely a consequence of increased recruitment of PI3K to Grb2 upon TCR and/or IL‐2 stimulation in Sos‐1/2dKO CD4⁺ T cells. The increased activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway led to downregulation of the surface receptor CD62L in Sos‐1/2dKO T cells and a subsequent impairment in T‐cell migration.     

shRNA干扰IRS-1基因通过PI3K/AKT通路对人乳头状甲状腺癌细胞TPC-1增殖和转移能力的调控作用

目的：探究下调胰岛素受体底物-1 (IRS-1) 表达对人乳头状甲状腺癌细胞TPC-1增殖和转移能力的作用及作用机制。方法：将细胞分为TPC-1组,sh-scram组和sh-IRS-1组,用shRNA IRS-1 (sh-IRS-1) 转染sh-IRS-1组细胞,shRNA转染sh-IRS-1组细胞,TPC-1组仅加入载体处理,RT-PCR和Western blot检测IRS-1的表达,MTT检测细胞增殖倍数,流式检测细胞凋亡,Transwell和划痕实验检测细胞侵袭、迁移能力,Western blot检测磷酸肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶 (PI3K/AKT)通路蛋白的表达。结果：与sh-scram组比较,sh-IRS-1组IRS-1的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低;sh-IRS-1转染细胞后3 d和4 d,sh-IRS-1组细胞增殖倍数明显低于sh-scram组,细胞凋亡率明显高于sh-scram组;同时,与sh-scram组比较,sh-IRS-1组细胞侵袭及迁移能力显著降低;此外,sh-IRS-1还能显著降低p-PI3K/PI3K和p-Akt/AKT的比值。结论：干扰IRS-1表达能降低人乳头状甲状腺癌TPC-1细胞生存能力和转移能力,作用机制可能与抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路激活有关。     

Modulatory role of garlicin in migration and invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT pathway

Increasing evidences have indicated the role of garlicin in inhibiting the progression of various tumors including glioma, pulmonary carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma, via mediating cell apoptosis or cell cycle. The regulatory effect and related molecular mechanism of garlicin in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, however, remained unknown. This study thus aimed to investigate this scientific issue. HCCC-9810 cell line was treated with serially diluted garlicin, followed by cell proliferation assay using MTT approach. Transwell migration and invasion assays were further employed the regulatory effect of garlicin. The expression level of p-AKT and AKT proteins in tumor cells was quantified by Western blot. The growth of tumor cells was significantly inhibited by high concentration of garlicin (> 1.5 μM). Lower concentration of garlicin showed dose-dependent inhibition of tumor cell invasion and migration. After using specific agonist IGF-1 (50 ng/mL) of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, such facilitating effects of garlicin were depressed (P < 0.05). Western blotting showed significantly decreased phosphorylation level of AKT after treated with gradient concentrations of garlicin, while leaving the total AKT protein level unchanged. Garlicin may inhibit the invasion and migration of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells via inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.     

miR-130b-3p有望作为人膀胱癌的标志物

目的进一步了解miRNA在膀胱癌中的潜在机制。方法芯片分析4对人膀胱癌组织和相邻正常组织中的miRNA的表达。并用RT-q PCR来验证两个最上调的miRNA及其靶基因的表达是否符合miRNA/mRNA芯片结果。通过相关性分析和双荧光素酶报告实验推断并验证miR-130b-3p可以靶向PTEN。应用CCK8、EDU、流式细胞术、划痕、Transwell和细胞骨架等实验证明miR-130b可以影响膀胱癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭。用Western blot检测PI3K/AKT和整合素β1/FAK信号通路的关键靶蛋白。结果人膀胱癌中miR-130b-3p表达高于癌旁且与PTEN表达呈负相关。miR-130b-3p可下调PTEN表达,导致PI3K/AKT和整合素β1/FAK信号通路的激活,且与膀胱癌EJ细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭相关。细胞转染miR-130b-3p抑制剂时,可以重排细胞骨架。结论本结果揭示miR-130b/PTEN有望用于人膀胱癌诊断和治疗的标志物。     

Complex regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 in thyroid cancer cells by the PI3K/AKT pathway: regulation of p27kip1 expression and localization

Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor p27(kip1) in human cancer occurs either through loss of expression or through phosphorylation-dependent cytoplasmic sequestration. Here we demonstrate that dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is important in thyroid carcinogenesis and that p27(kip1) is a key target of the growth-regulatory activity exerted by this pathway in thyroid cancer cells. Using specific PI3K inhibitors (LY294002, wortmannin, and PTEN) and a dominant active AKT construct (myrAKT), we demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT pathway controlled thyroid cell proliferation by regulating the expression and subcellular localization of p27. Results obtained with phospho-specific antibodies and with transfection of nonphosphorylable p27(kip1) mutant constructs demonstrated that PI3K/AKT-dependent regulation of p27(kip1) mislocalization in thyroid cancer cells occurred via phosphorylation of p27(kip1) at T157 and T198 (but not at S10 or T187). Finally, we evaluated whether these results were applicable to human tumors. Analysis of 100 thyroid carcinomas indicated that p27(kip1) phosphorylation at T157/T198 and cytoplasmic mislocalization were preferentially associated with activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus the PI3/AKT pathway and its effector p27(kip1) play major roles in thyroid carcinogenesis.     

SIRT1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human malignant glioma cell lines

In mammalian cells, SIRT1 decreases PTEN acetylation and inactivates the AKT pathway in a SIRT1 deacetylase-dependent manner. However, the function of SIRT1 in glioma was unknown. SIRT1 reexpression or knockdown was induced in human glioma cell lines. The cell synchronization, BrdU labeling and mitotic index were detected. Subsequently, cell cycle, cell viability, apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation were analyzed. Our work identified that SIRT1-knockdown significantly delayed mitotic entry of glioma cells, inhibited its growth and proliferation, and promoted its apoptosis. The apoptosis was related to PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results showed that SIRT1 might be a promoter factor on tumorigenesis of glioma through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.     

Development of highly sensitive cell-based AKT kinase ELISA for monitoring PI3K beta activity and compound efficacy

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates multiple cellular functions involving cell survival, growth, motility proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. These are deregulated in various diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and inflammation. PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PIP2) yielding phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5 triphosphate (PIP3) which in turn activate AKT kinase (serine/threonine kinase), the central enzyme in regulation of metabolic functions. Due to their implications in disease pathophysiology, PI3K/AKT inhibitors became attractive targets for pharmaceutical industries. In order to assess the functional response generated by PI3K inhibitors, an appropriate cell-based screening system is essential in any screening cascade. Here we report the development of highly sensitive in-vitro cell-based kinase ELISA which quantifies the phosphorylated AKT kinase (serine 473) and total AKT kinase directly within the cells upon compound treatment. PI3Kβ overexpressing NIH3T3 cells stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid was used for PI3K/Akt pathway activation. Assay performance reliability and robustness were determined by percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) and Z factor which demonstrated an excellent agreement with assay guidelines. This 96-well plate medium throughput assay methodology was used to screen novel molecules and proved a commendable tool to study the mechanism of action property and target engagement of novel PI3K inhibitors in drug discovery.     

PI3Kγ kinase activity is required for optimal T‐cell activation and differentiation

Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is a leukocyte‐specific lipid kinase with signaling function downstream of G protein‐coupled receptors to regulate cell trafficking, but its role in T cells remains unclear. To investigate the requirement of PI3Kγ kinase activity in T‐cell function, we studied T cells from PI3Kγ kinase‐dead knock‐in (PI3Kγ^KD/KD) mice expressing the kinase‐inactive PI3Kγ protein. We show that CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells from PI3Kγ^KD/KD mice exhibit impaired TCR/CD28‐mediated activation that could not be rescued by exogenous IL‐2. The defects in proliferation and cytokine production were also evident in naïve and memory T cells. Analysis of signaling events in activated PI3Kγ^KD/KD T cells revealed a reduction in phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and ERK1/2, a decrease in lipid raft formation, and a delay in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, PI3Kγ^KD/KD CD4⁺ T cells displayed compromised differentiation toward Th1, Th2, Th17, and induced Treg cells. PI3Kγ^KD/KD mice also exhibited an impaired response to immunization and a reduced delayed‐type hypersensitivity to Ag challenge. These findings indicate that PI3Kγ kinase activity is required for optimal T‐cell activation and differentiation, as well as for mounting an efficient T cell‐mediated immune response. The results suggest that PI3Kγ kinase inhibitors could be beneficial in reducing the undesirable immune response in autoimmune diseases.     

Unique clonal relationship between T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequent Langerhans cell histiocytosis with TCR rearrangement and NOTCH1 mutation

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occasionally develops before or after the onset of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). The mechanism of LCH developing after ALL remains unclear; thus the clonality of LCH developing during maintenance chemotherapy for T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) was investigated. The T‐ALL and LCH cells tested had the same T‐cell receptor (TCR) gamma rearrangement. Mutation analysis of the NOTCH1 gene revealed 7213C>T (Q2405X) in exon 34 in T‐ALL and LCH cells, but 5156T>C (I1719T) in exon 27 only in T‐ALL. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed three patterns of NOTCH1 mutations in T‐ALL cells. The results suggest that the T‐ALL and LCH cells were derived from a common precursor with TCR rearrangement and a single NOTCH1 mutation, rather than LCH cells developing from a minor clone of T‐ALL with single NOTCH1 mutation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

丹参酮Ⅱa对急性髓系白血病NB4细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其机制

目的观察丹参酮Ⅱa对急性髓系白血病细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并初步分析其作用机制.方法人急性髓系白血病细胞NB4分别用不同浓度的丹参酮Ⅱa处理,11.2μmol/L柔红霉素作为阳性对照,未给予药物作为阴性对照.观察NB4细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡及相关通路蛋白的变化.结果丹参酮Ⅱa可明显抑制NB4细胞增殖,诱导细胞周期发生G1期阻滞,促进其凋亡,具有浓度依赖性(P<0.05).丹参酮Ⅱa可剂量性下调p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT及m-TOR的表达(P<0.05).结论丹参酮Ⅱa可抑制NB4细胞增殖,诱导细胞周期发生G1期阻滞,促进其凋亡,可能与抑制PI3K/AKT/m-TOR信号通路有关.     

PI3K/AKT信号通路调控股骨头坏死的相关机制

文题释义： 股骨头坏死：又称股骨头缺血性坏死,由多种因素造成股骨头血供障碍,从而引起软骨下区的软骨细胞和骨细胞得不到所需的营养物质而坏死并伴随局部骨质疏松,最终因外力导致股骨头塌陷。该病常易引起股骨头功能活动障碍,致残率较高,已成为骨科临床常见复杂性疾病之一。 PI3K/AKT信号通路：磷脂酰肌醇(PI3K)是一种位于胞质的脂质激酶,而AKT是PI3K通路中的一种关键激酶(丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶),亦名蛋白激酶。AKT激活需要丝氨酸473(AktSer473)和苏氨酸308(Akt-Thr 308)的膜相互作用和磷酸化,经多种因素刺激后,PH结构域与PI3K产生的磷脂酰肌醇3,4,5-三磷酸(PIP3)相互作用,使胞浆AKT进入质膜;接着Akt-PIP3相互作用,通过域间构象变化将AKT诱导为开放的构象异构体,暴露Thr308和Ser473以用于磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶的后续磷酸化,而Thr308和Ser473的磷酸化完全激活AKT,从而通过磷酸化各种下游激酶,参与多种调节细胞的增殖和发育,在多个领域如癌症、血管再生、骨质疏松发挥了重要的调节作用从而通过磷酸化各种下游激酶,参与多种调节细胞的增殖和发育,在多个领域如癌症、血管再生、骨质疏松发挥了重要的调节作用。 背景：近年来随着医学研究不断深入,发现PI3K/AKT信号通路对血管修复再生、成骨细胞分化增殖、破骨细胞骨分化有调控作用,这对治疗股骨头坏死来说至关重要。 目的：就近年来PI3K/AKT信号通路调控股骨头坏死相关机制的主要研究进展做一简要概述,旨在为今后股骨头坏死的治疗提供新思路。 方法：检索PubMed、MEDLINE数据库、万方、CNKI、维普及中国生物医学文献数据库2012至2019年相关国内外文献,包括：①股骨头坏死的流行病学及相关病因病机研究文献;②PI3K/AKT通路相关机制研究文献;③PI3K/AKT对血管修复再生相关因素的影响研究文献;④PI3K/AKT对成骨细胞分化增殖相关因素调控的研究文献;⑤PI3K/AKT对破骨细胞分化等功能相关因素的调控研究文献。共纳入62篇文献分析总结。 结果与结论：①PI3K/AKT信号通路经多项动物实验已证实可对血管修复再生、成骨细胞分化增殖凋亡与破骨细胞分化相关因素进行有效调控,在认识这些通路机制基础上研发相关药物提高股骨头坏死早期保守治疗成功率具有远大发展前景及潜力,为未来治疗股骨头坏死开辟了新道路,也给患者及其家属带来新希望;②而根据患者不同股骨头坏死情况如何运用PI3K/AKT信号通路指导治疗成为该项技术的突破点及挑战,需要后期更多研究去探索。 ORCID: 0000-0002-3771-335X(宋世雷) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

13-甲基十四烷酸诱导膀胱癌细胞株T24 凋亡的机制研究

目的： 研究13-甲基十四烷酸诱导膀胱癌T24细胞凋亡的作用,探讨其可能的机制。方法：将不同浓度的13-甲基十四烷酸作用于膀胱癌T24细胞,用MTT法检测细胞增殖, 流式细胞仪（FCM）检测细胞周期,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡指数,蛋白免疫印迹法分析参与凋亡的蛋白。结果：药物处理2 h后p38、JNK磷酸化增强,AKT磷酸化减弱,8 h后线粒体中细胞色素C释放,FADD及磷酸化FADD没有明显变化,caspase酶底物 PARP、lamin B、RB在12 h出现明显的裂解片段,且药物诱导T24细胞凋亡的过程有时间浓度依赖效应。结论：在13-MTD诱导T24细胞凋亡的过程中p38MAPK和JNK/SAPK信号通路被激活,PI3K/AKT信号通路被抑制,进而激活线粒体凋亡途径,使线粒体内的细胞色素C释放到胞浆,激活caspase酶,裂解相应的凋亡底物lamin B、Rb、PARP,促进T24细胞凋亡。