急性结石性胆管炎的腹腔镜治疗

目的 总结应用腹腔镜行胆总管切开取石加T管引流术治疗急性结石性胆管炎的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院普外科2007年3月至2011年7月间98例急性结石性胆管炎急诊行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的临床资料.结果 93例患者急诊施行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石加T管引流术,2例经胆囊管胆总管探查术,3例行胆总管探查置塑料内引流管胆道一期缝合术.98例手术顺利,无中转开腹,平均手术时间96 min,平均住院时间12d.术后主要并发症:残石8例,胆漏4例,腹腔出血1例,经保守方法治愈.结论 对绝大多急性结石性胆管炎患者而言,急诊行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石加T管引流术是安全、有效、可行的.     

肝内胆管结石的治疗体会

目的 比较肝左外叶切除术和仅行胆总管切开取石术两种方法 治疗肝内胆管结石的效果.方法 对新郑市人民医院1996年10月至2006年10月收治的42例肝内胆管结石病人同期分别采用两种手术方法 治疗.第一组22例,采用胆总管切开取石、肝左外叶切除和T管引流术的方法 ;第二组20例,采用胆总管切开取石和T管引流术的方法 .对两组的疗效进行分析总结.结果 第一组术后近期效果优良率为81.9%;第二组为70%.第一组病人在术后残石率、胆道感染率和再手术率方面优于第二组.结论 肝左外叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石能取得比较好的临床效果,远期疗效明显好于仅行胆总管切开取石术.对肝内胆管结石较多,病灶较复杂,肝内胆管病变严重的病例,胆总管切开取石、T管引流术不是一种"根治性"手术.     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查T管引流术治疗急性结石性胆管炎36例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜(双镜)胆总管探查T管引流术治疗急性结石性胆管炎的效果。方法回顾性分析2016-01—2018-02间接受双镜胆总管探查T管引流术的36例急性结石性胆管炎患者的临床资料。结果本组均成功完成手术。疼痛、寒战高热及黄疸均于术后2~7 d内逐渐消失。术后发生胆漏3例(8.33%),均经术中放置的腹腔引流管引流后愈合。术后4~6周经T管造影,33例顺利拔管。3例结石残留的患者于术后6~8周应用胆道镜经T管窦道成功取石。术后随访1~3 a,未发现胆管结石复发。结论双镜胆总管探查T管引流术是治疗急性结石性胆管炎安全、有效的措施。     

术后T管造影漏诊胆道残石21例分析

术后T管造影漏诊胆道残余结石导致再手术治疗的病例临床上时有发生。我院自1988年1月～1998年12月共收治此类病人21例,同期行术后T形管造影阴性患者有232例,漏诊率为9.0%。现结合文献报告如下。1　临床资料本组21例,男12例,女9例,年龄25～67岁,平均年龄45.6岁,肥胖型12型,消瘦型6例,一般型3例。首次手术原因:胆囊、胆总管结石6例,肝总管结石3例,左肝管结石8例,右肝管结石2例,单纯胆总管结石2例,合并急性胆管炎8例。20例行胆总管切开取石T管引流术,1例加做肝左外叶切除术。术后2～4周行T型管造影均为阴有5例再做B超复查发现残石,后经纤维胆…     

胆道术后近期再手术16例分析

本文总结我院1988年5月～1998年5月，胆道手术后近期再手术的资料16例，并分析报道如下。临床资料本组16例，女性10例，男性6例；年龄23～72岁。首次手术的疾病：急性胆囊炎4例，慢性胆囊炎8例，慢性胆囊炎并胆总管结石3例，急性化脓性胆管炎1例。再手术原因：胆总管损伤4例，胆囊管结扎线或钛夹脱落5例，T管误置入假道2例，胆总管结石残留2例，拔T管后胆汁性腹膜炎3例。再手术距首次手术时间：术后1周内9例，2周内3例，4周内4例。再手术指征：胆汁性腹膜炎或腹腔引流胆汁过多9例，黄疽3例，T管无胆汁2例，高热2例。治疗方法：胆总管端端…     

腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查的临床研究

目的评价腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管探查术(LTCBDE)处理胆总管结石的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院收治的60例胆总管结石患者,按照手术方法不同分为两组:对照组30例:腹腔镜下胆道探查T管引流术,观察组30例:腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管探查术,对比不同手术方法应用效果。结果观察组手术时间、术后引流时间、排气时间以及住院费用、近期并发症以及远期并发症少于对照组,对比有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者治疗后的肝功能水平对比无差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下经胆囊管胆总管探查术处理胆总管结石,应用微创、安全且效果显著,值得应用推广。     

左肝外叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石效果的评价

目的 比较左肝外叶切除术和仅行胆总管切开取石术两种方法治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法对中山大学第三医院2000年1月至2004年12月收治的85例肝内胆管结石病人同期分别采用两种手术方法治疗。第1组44例，采用胆总管切开取石、左肝外叶切除和T管引流术的方法，第2组41例病人采用胆总管切开取石、T管引流术的方法。对两组的疗效进行分析总结。结果第1组术后近期效果优良率为90．9％。而第2组为80．5％。第2组在手术时间、术中出血量和输血量方面较第1组有明显的优势。第1组病人在术后残石率、胆道感染率和再手术率方面明显低于第2组。结论左肝外叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石能取得比较好的临床效果，远期疗效明显好于仅行胆总管切开取石术。对肝内胆管结石较多、病灶较复杂、肝内胆管病变严重的病例，胆总管切开取石、T管流术不是一种“根治性”手术。     

鼻胆管代替 T管在腹腔镜胆总管切开一期缝合中的应用

目的：探讨鼻胆管代替T管在腹腔镜胆总管切开一期缝合中的应用价值。方法2010年3月～2013年3月将58例未并发急性胆管炎的胆总管结石,排除腹腔镜手术禁忌证后按住院号的尾数分组：奇数为对照组,行腹腔镜胆总管探查＋T 管引流;偶数为研究组,行内镜下鼻胆管引流术（ endoscopic nasobiliary drainage , ENBD ）＋腹腔镜胆总管切开（ laparoscopic common bile duct exploration ,LCBDE）一期缝合,比较2组术中、术后情况。结果58例均成功实施手术。研究组术后住院时间明显短于对照组[（7．5±2．1）d vs．（10．3±3．2）d,t＝-3．965,P＝0．000],2组胆漏发生率、手术时间及术后切口疼痛比较无明显差异（P＞0．05）。所有患者随访6～12个月,平均9个月,无一例因本次胆道手术发生远期并发症而再次入院,术后6个月复查MRCP再次证实无胆道狭窄、残留结石等并发症。结论鼻胆管在胆总管探查术中可代替T管引流,能保障腹腔镜胆总管切开一期吻合的安全性,减少T管相关并发症的发生,缩短住院时间。     

36例胆道探查T管引流术后并发症的原因及防治

目的探讨胆道探查T管引流术后并发症发生的原因及其防治措施。方法对1986~2002年间我院行972例胆道探查T管引流术后发生并发症的36例临床资料作回顾性分析。结果36例并发症中胆瘘或胆汁性腹膜炎20例。胆道出血3例。胆道蛔虫症2例。T管压迫胃十二指肠致不全梗阻1例。T管拔断遗留胆总管内1例。术后胆汁引流量异常2例。术后黄疸急剧加深1例。并发急性胰腺炎2例。T管不能夹闭(胆道结石残留)3例。T管致胆道结石形成1例。本组保守治疗21例(58%),再手术治疗15例(42%)。除1例并发急性坏死性胰腺炎死亡、1例并发低渗性脱水、营养不良自动出院外,其余均痊愈出院。结论发生并发症的原因主要与手术操作技术、术后处理以及患者本身疾病、机体状况等有关。恰当的术中操作与术后处理以及针对患者自身不良因素积极采取相应的治疗是预防术后并发症发生的主要措施。     

腹腔镜治疗华支睾吸虫性胆管炎的临床研究

【摘要】 目的 探讨应用腹腔镜行胆总管切开探查加T管引流术治疗华支睾吸虫性胆管炎的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析江门市中心医院肝胆外科近三年来26例华支睾吸虫性胆管炎行腹腔镜治疗的临床资料。结果 26例患者均施行腹腔镜胆总管切开探查加T管引流术。无中转开腹,平均手术时间120 min,平均住院时间11 d。术后主要并发症:胆漏2例,胆道出血1例,经保守方法治愈。术后1周行驱虫治疗。结论 腹腔镜胆总管切开探查加T管引流术治疗华支睾吸虫性胆管炎是安全、有效、可行的。     

完整保留Oddi括约肌微创治疗胆总管结石病的研究

目的探讨完整保留Oddi括约肌微创治疗胆总管结石病的临床价值。方法回顾性分析因胆总管结石病分别行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）联合经内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）、腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic commonbileduct exploration,LCBDE）（T管引流）和腹腔镜胆总管探查术（术前放置鼻胆管引流、胆总管一期缝合）60例的临床资料,比较术前置鼻胆管、胆总管一期缝合20例（鼻胆管组）与T管引流20例（T管组）和腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合经内镜下乳头括约肌切开20例（EST组）三种治疗方法的临床效果。结果三组均成功完成手术,鼻胆管组拔管时问（8．25±1．21）d,术后住院时间（8．50±4．05）d,均较T管组的（31．60±5．38）d、（13．6±3．97）d明显缩短,远期胆总管结石复发率与反流性胆管炎较EST组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后近期并发症三组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论术前置鼻胆管、胆总管一期缝合术既能避免一期缝合后胆管压力增高引起的胆漏,避免了患者术后带管时间长的痛苦,并缩短了住院天数,同时又保留了Oddi括约肌结构的完整性,维持了Oddi括约肌正常生理功能,避免了因Oddi括约肌结构破坏所导致术后反流性胆管炎和结石复发率高等并发症。     

Primary Closure of the Common Duct over Endonasobiliary Drainage Tubes

The T-tube remains the standard method of intraductal drainage after open choledochotomy for choledocholithiasis. We studied the use of an endonasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube as an alternative to the T-tube for postoperative intraductal drainage. A series of 20 patients with documented choledocholithiasis in whom endoscopic methods of stone retrieval failed to clear the common bile duct (CBD) were selected for the study. All patients had ENBD tubes placed preoperatively at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography and then were subjected to open choledocholithotomy with primary closure of the choledochotomy over the ENBD. The age of the patients in the study group ranged from 18 to 75 years. Three patients (15%) had acute cholangitis at the time of surgery. Stones were confirmed at surgery in 85% of the patients, and the size of the CBD was found to range from 1.0 to 2.3 cm. All 20 patients underwent closure of the common duct over an ENBD tube without any difficulty. None of the patients experienced biliary complications such as bile leaks, biliary peritonitis, biliary fistula, pancreatitis, or cholangitis. No patient had any residual stone as documented by postoperative cholangiograms. Abdominal drains remained in place for 2 to 4 days, and the ENBD tubes were removed between days 6 and 8. The length of the postoperative hospital stay varied from 7 to 15 days, with 65% of the patients going home before postoperative day 8.     

胆囊切除对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术后胆管炎复发的预防

目的探讨胆管结石合并胆管炎经内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）清除结石后,行胆囊切除术对减少胆管炎复发的作用。 方法选择2010年1月至2017年10月间宝鸡市人民医院收治的1 000例胆管结石合并胆管炎患者,并分为对照组502例（常规ERCP清除胆管结石）和胆囊切除组498例（在上述治疗基础上给予开腹或腹腔镜胆囊切除术）。回顾性分析两组患者的基本临床资料、结石情况及胆管炎复发率,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析累积复发率及胆管炎相关不良事件发生率,胆管炎复发的影响因素先进行单因素分析再进行非条件多因素Logistic回归分析。 结果两组患者基础资料比较差异无统计学意义。术后胆管炎复发277例,包括对照组175例（34.9%）,胆囊切除组102例（20.5%）。胆囊切除组患者的胆管炎复发率及胆管炎相关不良事件发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ²=2.031、5.035,P=0.034、0.001）。单因素分析和Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、结石数量、结石最大直径、胆总管扩张、术后并发症以及是否行胆囊切除术是胆管炎复发的独立因素（均P<0.05）。 结论经ERCP清除胆管结石后行胆囊切除术能够显著降低胆管结石合并胆管炎患者的胆管炎复发率,值得临床关注。     

内镜下乳头小切开联合球囊扩张治疗胆总管结石的临床观察

目的观察内镜下乳头小切开联合球囊扩张（EST＋EPBD）治疗胆总管结石的手术效果。方法将192例胆总管结石患者随机分为EST组和EST＋EPBD组,每组96例,比较两组的术后疗效。结果与EST组比,EST＋EPBD组的平均手术时间、住院时间明显缩短;而一次性取石成功率及总取石成功率,EST＋EPBD组均明显高于EST组。EST＋EPBD组术中术后并发症发生率（如出血、胰腺炎、胆道内钡剂反流、结石复发）少于EST,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论内镜下乳头小切开联合球囊扩张可提高较大的胆总管结石取石成功率和减少术后并发症,安全且疗效满意。     

Advantages of laparoscopic stented choledochorrhaphy over T-tube placement

BACKGROUND: Postoperative complications after laparoscopic choledochotomy are mainly related to the T tube. Both laparoscopic endobiliary stent placement with primary closure of the common bile duct (CBD) and primary closure of the CBD without drainage have been proposed as safe and effective alternatives to T tube placement. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively on 53 consecutive patients suffering from proven choledocholithiasis who underwent laparoscopic CBD exploration through a choledochotomy between January 1999 and January 2003. In the early period a T tube was placed at the end of the procedure (n = 32). Biliary stent placement and primary CBD closure was performed from June 2001 (n = 21). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in epidemiological characteristics, preoperative factors or intraoperative findings between the groups. Seven patients developed complications, six in the T tube group and one in the stent group. Univariate analysis revealed a significantly lower morbidity rate and shorter postoperative hospital stay in the stent group. CONCLUSION: Placement of a biliary endoprosthesis after laparoscopic choledochotomy achieves biliary decompression, and avoids the complications of a T tube, leading to a shorter postoperative hospital stay. The method is a safe and effective alternative method of CBD drainage after laparoscopic choledochotomy.     

LCBDE术后一期缝合与T管引流治疗老年胆总管结石的效果比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术（LCBDE）并一期缝合与LCBDE并T管引流治疗老年胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析汕头市中心医院2017 年1 月至2018 年12 月收治的符合入选标准的老年（年龄≥60 岁）胆总管结石患者158 例,所有患者均行LCBDE术,其中130 例术后行一期缝合（一期缝合组）,28 例行T管引流（T管引流组）。比较两组的术前基线资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后并发症发生率、结石复发率等资料。结果 两组术前基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。一期缝合组在手术时间、术后住院时间方面明显短于T管引流组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组患者在术中出血量、住院总费用、术后并发症发生率、结石复发率方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 老年（年龄≥60岁）并不是腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术并一期缝合的绝对禁忌。正确把握手术适应证及禁忌证,对于合适的老年患者,腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术并一期缝合也是安全可行的。     

老年胆总管结石与中青年患者经腹腔镜胆总管探查取石并一期缝合治疗的比较研究

目的比较老年胆总管结石患者与中青年患者行腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)并一期缝合的有效性与安全性。 方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2017年2月期间81例行LCBDE并一期缝合患者的临床与随访资料,根据年龄分为两组,≥65岁的老年组(n＝39)和<65岁的中青年组(n＝42)。采用SPSS22.0软件对两组临床资料进行统计学分析。围手术期相关指标等计量资料以( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症发生率及随访情况等计数资料以例(%)表示,组间比较采用fisher精确概率法检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果81例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),与中青年组比较,老年组术后腹腔引流时间、下床时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间明显延长(P<0.05)。老年组手术并发症总发生率12.8%高于中青年组7.1%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。老年组术后出现1例结石残留,两组均无结石复发。 结论腹腔镜胆总管探查取石并一期缝合治疗老年胆总管结石疗效确切,安全可行,术后并发症及结石复发与中青年者相当,在严格把握手术指征前提下,适合作为老年胆总管结石患者选择的术式。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开一期缝合治疗胆总管结石的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石后一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的可行性。方法:2004年1月至2008年10月我院将收治的133例胆总管结石患者分为2组,80例行开腹胆总管探查取石一期缝合术,53例行腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜取石及胆总管一期缝合术,不置"T"管引流。结果:全部手术均获成功,开腹组术后2例胆总管结石残留,行ERCP+EST取石成功;腹腔镜组3例术后早期胆漏,经引流3～5d后痊愈,无远期胆道狭窄。结论:胆总管一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石安全、有效、住院时间短、患者痛苦小,用腹腔镜行此手术更具有微创的优点,值得推广。     

胆总管结石的内镜治疗

目的总结内镜下乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy，EST）治疗胆总管结石的疗效及随访结果，分析可能导致取石失败的危险因素。方法2001年4月～2006年1月我院96例经内镜逆行胰胆管显影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography，ERCP）证实胆总管结石后行EST及内镜下取石。通过随访术后疗效．对可能影响EST取石结果的因素进行分析。结果第1次EST未取出或未取净结石15例，第1次EST结石清除率84．4％（81／96）。第1次取石失败后5例再次行EST取净结石，3例自发排石，2例服中药或其他药物后排石，术后B超或ERCP检查证实结石已经排出，总结石清除率为94．8％（91／96）。术后近期并发症10例，其中急性胰腺炎5例、明显出血3例、急性胆囊炎和（或）急性胆管炎2例。5例因并发症或结石未取净行开腹手术。单因素和多因素分析表明，胆总管结石〉1．5cm和既往有胆总管探查手术史是取石失败的危险因素。85例随访10—59个月，胆总管结石复发3例、急性胆管炎1例；19例单纯胆总管结石在EST取净结石后没有切除胆囊，随访未见异常。结论EST是治疗胆总管结石安全有效的方法。结石〉1．5cm和既往有胆总管探查手术史时，应警惕EST有取石失败的可能。对于单纯性胆总管结石，在EST清除胆总管结石后不必预防性切除胆囊。     

Preoperative versus postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis: a prospective randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and common bile duct (CBD) stone extraction should be performed routinely before surgery or'selectively after surgery in patients with mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The role and timing of ERCP in mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis remains controversial. Routine preoperative ERCP identifies persisting CBD stones but carries risks of complications and may delay definitive care. Selective postoperative ERCP, performed only if a CBD stone is seen on intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), avoids unnecessary ERCP but risks unsuccessful stone extraction. METHODS: A prospective, randomized study of consecutive patients with gallstone pancreatitis was conducted. Using previously determined criteria, patients with acute cholangitis or necrotizing pancreatitis were excluded. Patients considered at high risk for persisting CBD stones (CBD size > or =8 mm on admission ultrasound, serum total bilirubin > or = 1.7 mg/dL, or serum amylase > or = 150 U/L on hospital day 4) were randomly assigned to routine preoperative ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy with selective postoperative ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy only if a CBD stone was present on IOC. Primary end points were costs, length of hospital stay, and the combined treatment failure rates (failure of diagnostic ERCP and IOC, complications of ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy, and complications of surgery). RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four consecutive patients with gallstone pancreatitis were evaluated prospectively for study eligibility. Sixty patients met the randomization criteria. Thirty patients were randomized to routine preoperative ERCP and 29 patients to selective postoperative ERCP (1 patient refused). Age, admission laboratory values, and APACHE II and Imrie scores were similar in both groups. By protocol, ERCP was performed in all patients in the preoperative ERCP group. In the postoperative ERCP group, ERCP was necessary in only 7 of 29 patients (24%). Mean hospital stay was significantly longer in the routine preoperative ERCP group (11.7 days) than in the selective postoperative ERCP group (9.0 days). Mean total cost was higher in the preoperative ERCP group ($9,426) than in the postoperative ERCP group ($7,798). The combined treatment failure rate was 10% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mild to moderate gallstone pancreatitis without cholangitis, selective postoperative ERCP and CBD stone extraction is associated with a shorter hospital stay, less cost, no increase in combined treatment failure rate, and significant reduction in ERCP use compared with routine preoperative ERCP.