急诊内镜下止血夹治疗消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血的疗效

目的探讨急诊内镜下使用止血夹治疗消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月至2016年12月期间在笔者所在医院胃肠外科接受内镜下止血的12例消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血患者的临床资料。结果本组12例患者中,10例患者一次止血成功;2例出现再次出血,其中1例再次内镜下止血成功,1例胃空肠吻合术后患者止血失败、行手术治疗。所有患者术后均未出现吻合口漏等严重并发症。术后11例内镜止血成功患者获访6~28个月,中位随访时间18个月,随访期间未见再次出血。结论急诊内镜下止血夹治疗消化道机械吻合术后早期吻合口出血的操作简单、安全及有效,可作为首选方法在临床上推广应用。     

胃切除术后早期胃镜检查及内镜下止血安全有效性探讨

目的探讨胃切除术后早期胃镜检查及内镜下止血的安全性和有效性。方法回顾分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2006~2016年间胃手术后早期行内镜下检查吻合口286例病人资料以及术后吻合口出血29例病人的处理方法和结果。结果胃手术后早期行内镜检查吻合口的286例病人中,3例无法到达吻合口,其余均行常规检查,所有病人住院期间无再发出血、穿孔等情况。收治的29例上消化道出血的病人中,7例病人出血后先行保守治疗,经保守治疗无效后再行内镜下止血;22例病人并发出血后直接行内镜下止血。最终28例病人经过内镜下治疗成功止血,均无再发出血;1例病人止血失败行介入栓塞止血。结论胃手术后早期行内镜检查不增加吻合口出血、穿孔等风险。术后上消化道出血早期行内镜下止血是安全、有效的,能明显提高止血成功率,降低再手术率,缩短病人住院时间。     

直肠癌前切除术后早期吻合口出血的临床分析

目的:探讨直肠癌前切除术后早期吻合口出血的危险因素及处理方法。方法:回顾分析2011年1月至2016年6月512例行直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料。结果:术后16例早期发生严重吻合口出血,发生率3.13%,多因素分析显示,肿瘤下缘距肛门的距离、男性是吻合口出血的独立危险因素。16例出血患者均行结肠镜检查并止血,15例止血成功,1例因内镜下止血失败行外科手术治疗,内镜下止血成功率为93.75%(15/16)。结论:吻合口位置、男性是吻合口出血的危险因素。对于吻合口位置较低的男性患者,尤其要警惕,需从手术技巧、器械使用及术后检查监测等方面全面注意,防范其发生,一旦出现明显的出血,内镜可作为处理吻合口出血的第一选择。     

吲哚菁绿显像对减少腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后吻合口漏的作用

目的观察吲哚菁绿显像在预防腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术后吻合口漏的作用。方法利用电脑随机数随机选取因结直肠癌行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的病人共145例,其中应用吲哚菁绿染色的病人63例(ICG组),应用常规腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人82例(对照组),分别观察手术时间、术中出血量及吻合口漏发生数量和因吻合口漏导致的死亡数量。结果对照组出现吻合口漏7例(左半切除术2人,右半结肠切除术1人,低位直肠切除术4人),1例因吻合口漏导致死亡。而ICG组仅有1例低位直肠切除术的病人出现了吻合口漏,无病人因吻合口漏导致死亡。两组病人在吻合口漏率发生上存在明显差异(f=2. 337,P 0. 05)。结论吲哚菁绿显像可以用于降低腹腔镜结直肠癌术术后吻合口漏的发生率。     

内镜下狭窄切开术治疗结直肠癌术后吻合口狭窄后早期关闭造口的研究

目的 分析结直肠癌术后吻合口狭窄患者行内镜下切开术后疗效和在短期内关闭临时性造口的手术并发症。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月期间于中山大学附属第六医院行结直肠癌术后发生吻合口狭窄并接受内镜下狭窄切开术的患者临床资料，纳入7例在术后早期（2周内）行临时性造口关闭术的患者，分析内镜下吻合口狭窄切开术的近期及远期效果，以及早期行造口关闭术的手术并发症发生情况。结果 7例患者接受内镜下吻合口狭窄切开术后内镜通过率为100%，所有患者在2周内（6.6±2.9天）行临时性造口关闭术，术后均无吻合口出血、吻合口瘘、腹腔脓肿及肠梗阻等并发症发生。7例患者接受了平均30.2±10.8月的随访，2例患者再次出现吻合口狭窄，内镜狭窄切开术的长期有效率为71.4%。吻合口狭窄复发的2例患者中，1例再次接受了内镜下狭窄切开术，另1例接受了内镜下狭窄切开术和球囊扩张术。结论 结直肠癌术后吻合口狭窄行内镜下狭窄切开术效果良好，切开后早期行临时性造口关闭是安全的。     

内镜下狭窄切开术治疗结直肠癌术后吻合口狭窄后早期关闭造口的研究

目的 分析结直肠癌术后吻合口狭窄患者行内镜下切开术后疗效和在短期内关闭临时性造口的手术并发症。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年12月期间于中山大学附属第六医院行结直肠癌术后发生吻合口狭窄并接受内镜下狭窄切开术的患者临床资料,纳入7例在术后早期（2周内）行临时性造口关闭术的患者,分析内镜下吻合口狭窄切开术的近期及远期效果,以及早期行造口关闭术的手术并发症发生情况。结果 7例患者接受内镜下吻合口狭窄切开术后内镜通过率为100%,所有患者在2周内（6.6±2.9天）行临时性造口关闭术,术后均无吻合口出血、吻合口瘘、腹腔脓肿及肠梗阻等并发症发生。7例患者接受了平均30.2±10.8月的随访,2例患者再次出现吻合口狭窄,内镜狭窄切开术的长期有效率为71.4%。吻合口狭窄复发的2例患者中,1例再次接受了内镜下狭窄切开术,另1例接受了内镜下狭窄切开术和球囊扩张术。结论 结直肠癌术后吻合口狭窄行内镜下狭窄切开术效果良好,切开后早期行临时性造口关闭是安全的。     

结直肠癌术后吻合口漏的预防与处理

目的探讨结直肠癌术后吻合口漏的发生原因及防治措施。方法回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2010年10月227例结直肠癌患者术后吻合口漏发生与预防的临床资料。结果手术治疗结肠癌143例,术后发生吻合口漏3例,手术治疗直肠癌84例,术后发生吻合口漏3例,共发生术后吻合口漏6例。其中1例行再次手术治疗,5例行非手术治疗。6例均痊愈,无死亡。结论结直肠癌术后吻合口漏是术后严重并发症,完善的术前准备、合理的手术操作、良好的引流是预防吻合口漏的关键。一旦发生,如无腹膜炎体征,首先考虑采取非手术治疗。     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌切除术18例

目的研究腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2009年1月18例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术病人的临床资料。结果顺利完成腹腔镜手术16例,中转开腹手术2例,无手术死亡病例。术后发生切口感染2例,无吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄发生。术后随访4～30个月,无切口及穿刺孔种植转移。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有操作安全、康复快、创伤小等优点,可以达到开腹根治术的效果。     

腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜治疗进展期结直肠癌合并腺瘤的应用研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗加二期内镜下治疗结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤的临床应用价值。方法：2005年1月-2010年6月对54例进展期结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤（〉1．0cm）的患者（研究组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）加二期内镜下腺瘤切除的综合治疗,对同期396例单发进展期结直肠癌患者（对照组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）。通过并发症发生率、长期随访等评价治疗效果。结果：2组患者在年龄、性别、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、平均住院时间、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及1、3和5年存活率差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。研究组辅助化疗后对合并腺瘤进行内镜下切除治疗,4例出血经保守治疗后成功止血,未发生穿孔、狭窄等严重并发症;3例患者术后病理组织学检查为腺瘤癌变,其中2例癌变局限于腺瘤中,1例癌细胞侵犯达黏膜下层,该例患者再次行腹腔镜下切除,术后随访无复发。结论：腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜为合并结直肠癌根治术切除范围外腺瘤的患者提供了一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,值得临床推厂和应用。     

经内镜金属支架植入术治疗低位结直肠癌梗阻的护理体会

目的 探讨经内镜金属支架植入术治疗低位结直肠癌梗阻的护理方法。方法 在X线辅助下经内镜放置金属支架治疗19例结直肠癌梗阻的患者。术前准备充分,术中默契配合,术后严密观察并发症发生。结果19例患者均成功放置支架。放置支架后后2-3天梗阻症状得到缓解,解除梗阻和术前肠道准备后5-9天接受I期肿物切除术,术后恢复良好,无腹腔脓肿、创口感染、吻合口漏等并发症发生。结论 经内镜放置金属支架治疗低位结直肠癌梗阻,微创、安全、见效快、重复性强,保持了生理状态的排便功能,消除了肠造口对患者带来的心理负担。手术前后护理、术中准确的配合及并发症的预防是手术成功的重要组成部分。     

Endoscopic closure of a postoperative rectal anastomotic leakage with hemoclips: A case report

Introduction and importanceHemoclips have been used to protect leakage after endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps or early-staged rectal cancer, or for perforation of the sigmoid colon during colonoscopy. However, endoscopic clips were seldom used to manage anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection of rectal cancer.Case presentationA patient with postoperative anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer was successfully treated by endoscopic hemoclips under colonoscopic vision after failure of conservative treatment. Postoperative course was uncomplicated and the patient was discharged from the hospital seven days later.Clinical discussion and conclusionEndoscopic hemoclips should be considered as an alternative option for the treatment of an anastomotic leakage in cases where conservative treatment has failed. As they are safe and effective for closure, however good bowel preparation and strict inclusion criteria are required.     

直肠癌低位前切除术后早期吻合口出血的应对策略

目的:探讨直肠癌低位前切除术后早期吻合口出血的预防与处理.方法:回顾分析2018年1月至2020年6月收治的458例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,患者行腹腔镜或达芬奇机器人直肠癌低位前切除术.结果:术后吻合口出血18例(3.9％),于术后3～18 h发现;出血量100～500 mL.5例经内镜下钛夹止血,8例经肛门吻合口...     

Anastomotic occlusive mucosal web. An unusual complication of the Knight-Griffen procedure associated with protective ileostomy

In stapled anastomosis following anterior rectal resection, the anastomotic occlusive web rate is unknown and the management of this complication is not well defined. A 74-year-old man underwent a curative resection of a rectal cancer and, at the same time, a jejunal resection of an incidental stromal tumor. The colorectal anastomosis, performed according to the Knight-Griffen technique, and the hand-sewn end-to-end jejunal anastomosis were covered by a protective loop ileostomy. A number of features makes the case very unusual. The anastomotic occlusive web was made up of mucosal layer in the absence of a granulation reaction. Several factors contributed to the onset and misidentification of this complication. After the endoscopic approach had failed, the condition was successfully treated during an emergency operation for intestinal perforation.     

直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏相关危险因素分析

目的分析低位直肠癌Dixon术吻合口漏的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析我院2013年6月~2019年6月行低位直肠癌根治术的179例患者的临床资料,对术后发生吻合口漏的影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果179例患者中,术后发生吻合口漏13例(7.26%)。单因素分析显示,直肠癌Dixon术后吻合口漏的发生与吻合口距肛门距离(<3 cm,P=0.043)、术前存在低蛋白血症(P=0.001)、不全性肠梗阻(P=0.004)、糖尿病(P=0.003)、术后使用解痉药物(P=0.003)及术后腹泻(P=0.002)有关,而与患者性别,年龄,BMI,肿瘤Dukes分期,病理类型,吸烟、饮酒史,术前合并症(高血压、心脏病),术前是否存在贫血,手术方式,是否预防性回肠造口,术后是否肛管减压无关(P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,术前低蛋白、不全性肠梗阻、糖尿病史、术后未使用解痉药物及腹泻是吻合口漏发生的独立危险因素。结论针对低位直肠癌根治术后发生吻合口漏的影响因素,术前纠正低蛋白血症,控制血糖平稳,术后予解痉药物、调节肠道功能等措施可以有效减少吻合口漏的发生。     

腹腔镜、结肠镜联合治疗结直肠良恶性肿瘤的应用体会(附21例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜、纤维结肠镜联合治疗结直肠良恶性肿瘤的应用价值.方法:回顾分析为21例结直肠良恶性肿瘤患者应用多种双镜联合治疗方法的临床资料.结果:手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹.其中内镜辅助腹腔镜治疗12例,腹腔镜辅助内镜治疗4例,内镜腹腔镜同步切除2例,腹腔镜追加根治术3例.术后无吻合口漏、吻合口出血等并发症发生....     

直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的影响因素分析

目的 探讨直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口漏的相关影响因素.方法 对2005年1月至2007年12月施行直肠癌前切除手术的738例连续患者的临床资料行回顾性研究.分析影响吻合口漏发生的相关因素.结果 单因素分析显示低位直肠癌(肿瘤距肛缘≤7cm)、非结直肠专科术者和放置肛管与吻合口漏发生率相关.低位直肠癌的吻合口漏发生率显著高于高位直肠癌(5.9%vs.0.9%.P=0.003).结直肠专科术者手术吻合口漏发生率显著低于非专科术者(3.9%vs.11.3%.P=0.031).结直肠专科术者手术的患者中低位直肠癌比例也明显高于非专科术者(72.1%vs.52.8%,P=0.003).放置肛管组的吻合口漏发生率反而明显高于未放置组(14.5%vs.3.6%.P<0.001).多因素分析显示除低位直肠癌、非结直肠专科术者和放置肛管外,糖尿病(P=0.027)、远端切缘肿瘤距离<1 cm(P=0.009)和预防性造口(P=0.031)也与吻合口漏的发生相关.在522例低位直肠癌中进一步分析发现,预防性造口组的吻合口漏发生率明显低于未造口组(2.9%vs.8.5%,P=0.007);而由于保护作用较差及选择偏倚存在,肛管放置组的吻合口漏发生率仍显著高于未放置组(15.1%vs.4.9%,P=0.008).结论 低位直肠癌、非结直肠专科术者以及糖尿病是直肠癌术后吻合口漏的危险因素,而预防性造口能有效预防低位直肠癌术后吻合口漏的发生.     

Anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery. Analysis of 1290 patients

The most frightening complication following colorectal surgery is the anastomotic leakage which is associated with an high mortality rate, and the analysis of risk factors for the anastomotic leak is of great interest. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the risk factor for the anastomotic leakage in personal series of patients who underwent colorectal surgery. We have analyzed a consecutive series of 1290 patients who underwent colorectal open surgery from 1970 to 2004. The associations between anastomotic leak and several risk factors were studied by univariate analysis. The variables considered were the following: age; sex; type of disease; elective or emergency surgery; type of surgery; type, design and site (intra or extra peritoneal) of the anastomosis; stapled or manual anastomosis; distance from anal verge of the colorectal anastomosis; intraoperative complications; protective stoma. The rate of anastomotic leakage was 4.8% (62/1290 patients). Significant factors were: the type of surgery (higher risk after restorative proctocolectomy or rectal resection), the site extra peritoneal of the anastomosis, the type of the anastomosis (higher risk after coloanal or ileal-pouch anal or colorectal), the stapled anastomosis, the intraoperative complications. After colorectal anastomosis the risk of leakage has progressively higher for low, ultra-low and coloanal anastomosis. In these conditions a protective stoma seems to be suitable.     

Impact of surgeon volume and specialization on short-term outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a relationship between surgeon volume and outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of surgeon volume and specialization on primary tumour resection rate, restoration of bowel continuity following rectal cancer resection, anastomotic leakage and perioperative mortality. METHODS: The Northern Region Colorectal Cancer Audit Group conducts a population-based audit of patients with colorectal cancer managed by surgeons. This study examined 8219 patients treated between 1998 and 2002. Outcomes were modelled using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Tumour resection was performed in 6949 (93.8 per cent) of 7411 patients. High-volume surgeons with an annual caseload of at least 18.5 (odds ratio (OR) 1.53 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.10 to 2.12); P = 0.012) and colorectal specialists (OR 1.42 (95 per cent c.i. 1.06 to 1.90); P = 0.018) were more likely to perform elective sphincter-saving rectal surgery. In elective surgery, the risk of perioperative death was lower for high-volume surgeons (OR 0.58 (95 per cent c.i. 0.44 to 0.76); P < 0.001), but this was not the case in emergency surgery. CONCLUSION: High-volume surgeons had lower perioperative mortality rates for elective surgery, and were more likely to use restorative rectal procedures.     

Rectal carcinoma. Optimizing the procedures in an emergency]

Emergency conditions in rectal cancer can happen pre-, intra-, and postoperatively. Preoperative emergencies are perforation and obstipation. Spontaneous intraperitoneal perforations have a mortality of 17 to 33% and a five year survival of only 7 to 10%. The site of the perforation is not identical with the the site of the tumor. Due to fecal peritonitis a defunctioning stoma and planned repeat laparotomies are indicated. Initial fecal diversion is followed by tumor resection with anastomosis when the peritonitis has subsided. Iatrogenic perforations from endoscopy or barium enema examination are rare (0.09 to 0.004%). Tumor obstruction occurs in 15% of colorectal cancers. Immediate resection with primary anastomosis is deemed to be feasible if preceded by on-table colonic lavage. Immediate resection has a lower mortality (13.6%) than two staged fecal diversion and resection (35.5%). Intraoperative emergency conditions are bleeding and tumor cell spillage. Bleeding from the presacral veins will be controlled with the hemorrhage occluder pin. Inadvertent perforation of the tumor leads to dissemination of tumor cells. In case of spillage local recurrence was seen in 39% of resections within five years. Multivisceral resection and precise preparation with respect to anatomical planes may prevent damage of the rectum. The leading postoperative emergency condition is anastomotic leak. The incidence of clinical leaks is 6%. In diffuse peritonitis the anastomosis should be taken down and planned repeat laparotomy should be performed. This concept reduces the mortality down to 18.7%.