内源性大麻素系统与炎症性皮肤病

内源性大麻素系统包括内源性大麻素受体和内源性大麻素以及一系列参与内源性大麻素系统生物合成和代谢的酶类以及膜转运受体.近年来,在角质形成细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞、皮脂腺细胞等多种皮肤细胞中发现了具有生物学效应的内源性大麻素系统.越来越多的研究发现,内源性大麻素系统参与正常皮肤生理生化活动和炎症反应,并在多种炎症性皮肤病中起作用.目前内源性大麻素系统的临床应用尚不成熟,但内源性大麻素系统的研究为临床炎症性皮肤病的治疗提供了新视角和新策略.     

Bacterial superantigens and inflammatory skin diseases

Bacteria seem to play an important role in the induction and maintenance of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Toxins from bacteria including Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus, have been shown to function as a new type of allergen termed 'superantigen'. Superantigens bypass the normal control of T-cell activation and activate all T-cell clones bearing certain types of variable chain on the T-cell receptor: this leads to vigorous T-cell activation and cytokine release. These bacterial superantigens may be involved in induction and aggravation of inflammatory skin diseases. Guttate psoriasis is often preceded by a streptococcal throat infection and T cells specific for streptococcal superantigens have been identified in the skin of patients. The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis is often colonized with superantigen-releasing Staph. aureus, and application of a staphylococcal superantigen to human skin induces an eczematoid reaction.     

Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory skin diseases

Throughout the history of mankind, infections have been the major cause of diseases. Over the last decades, not only the incidence of emerging infectious diseases have increased, but also tremendous strides have been made in understanding the biology of several pathogenic microorganisms. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, which infects over the half of the world's population. H. pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders. However, new researches have demonstrated that H. pylori is also involved in the pathogenesis of various extragastric diseases. The difference in the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection may be explained, at least in part, by host response to the infection and H. pylori virulence factors. It is obvious that as developments in the research on H. pylori spring up, an understanding of the pathophysiology of H. pylori infection will continue to be identified. Here in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about H. pylori and its association with inflammatory skin diseases.     

角蛋白17在增殖性皮肤病中的表达

目的 探讨角蛋白17(K17)在增殖性皮肤病中的表达和意义.方法 免疫组化法检测K17在正常皮肤、银屑病、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑素瘤中的表达.结果 正常皮肤基底层、棘层、颗粒层的角质形成细胞胞质K17呈阴性表达,银屑病K17强表达于棘层,在基底层呈弱阳性或阴性表达,角化不全细胞不表达.基底细胞癌的瘤细胞不表达K17,瘤细胞旁的棘细胞层、颗粒层细胞呈阳性表达.高分化鳞癌细胞表达K17,而在低分化鳞癌细胞不表达.K17强烈表达于黑素瘤上方表皮全层,在瘤细胞和黑素细胞中不表达.结论 K17的表达可为某些增殖性皮肤病的鉴别诊断提供病理学依据.     

Exosomes in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors

Exosomes are membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that can mediate communication between cells and the transport of cellular components such as microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and DNA. Recently, exosomes have been under investigation for their significant roles in both healthy physiology and disease states. Herein, we review the role of exosomes in chronic inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors, especially focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid and melanoma. Moreover, we emphasize the involvement of changes in exosome cargo in the regulation of these diseases.     

Immunopathological study of proliferation-associated antigens in proliferative skin diseases

59 specimens consisting of 10 psoriasis vulgaris, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 Paget disease, 3 keratoacanthomas, 1 pemphigus vulgaris, 18 cutaneous T cell lymphomas, 2 ATLs, and other skin diseases were studied by immunoperoxidase technique. We used four antibodies to demonstrate a cell proliferation-associated antigen (PC, DNA polymerase-alpha and transferrin receptor) and epidermal growth factor receptor. Our observations suggested that the expression of PC and DNA polymerase-alpha may correlate well with cell proliferation, which were demonstrated in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris. Primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and some of psoriasis vulgaris had a positive staining for EGF-R, while normal epidermis and almost all other skin diseases were negative.     

Chemokine networks in inflammatory skin diseases

The superfamily of chemokines comprises numerous small, cytokine-like chemotactic proteins, which have a fundamental role in the regulation of leukocyte trafficking. The chemokine-chemokine receptor system is highly redundant and promiscuous, and forms a complex network relevantly involved in the expression of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, including allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The pattern of chemokine expression shows overlapping features but also important differences in these diseases due to distinct sources and types of pro-inflammatory signals involved in chemokine induction, and the inherent capacity of resident skin cells to produce chemokines. Chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) rather than chemokines appear the appropriate therapeutic targets as they are more chemically tractable and play less redundant functions.     

光动力治疗炎症性及感染性皮肤病的进展

光动力治疗在皮肤科领域应用广泛,如治疗鳞状细胞癌、基底细胞癌、Paget病、Bowen病、光线性角化病、痤疮、鲜红斑痣及尖锐湿疣等取得了满意疗效.目前关于光动力治疗适应证的研究已扩展到银屑病、口腔扁平苔藓及部分局部感染性皮肤病中,取得了一定的疗效,尤其是对面部扁平疣及皮肤利什曼病等几种炎症/感染性皮肤病,更显示出高效率、低复发及美容效果好等优点,值得进一步研究.     

The role of ceramides in skin homeostasis and inflammatory skin diseases

Ceramides, members of sphingolipid family, are not only the building blocks of epidermal barrier structure, but also bioactive metabolites involved in epidermal self-renewal and immune regulation. Hence, abnormal ceramide expression profile is recognized to defect extracellular lipid organization, disturb epidermal self-renewal, exacerbate skin immune response and actively participate in progression of several inflammatory dermatoses, exemplifying by psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding skin ceramides and their regulatory roles in skin homeostasis and pathogenic roles of altered ceramide metabolism in inflammatory skin diseases. These insights provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory dermatoses.     

microRNA在炎症性皮肤病中作用的研究进展

【摘要】 microRNA（miRNA）是一类转录后调控基因表达的非编码RNA分子,参与皮肤各种病理生理过程。近年来,miRNA表达谱的变化已被报道与部分炎症性皮肤病相关,例如miR-203、miR-146a、miR-21在银屑病皮损中表达上调;miR-155、miR-146a在特应性皮炎皮损中表达上调;miR-21、miR-223、miR-142-3p、miR142-5p在过敏性接触性皮炎皮损表达上调;而miR-146a、miR-155在系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血表达下调;miR-223在皮肌炎皮损中表达下调等。本文综述miRNA与部分炎症性皮肤病发生、发展之间的联系。     

Neuropeptides: role in inflammatory skin diseases

The cutaneous nervous system recently has been demonstrated to interact with multiple target cells in the skin and to mediate actions important in inflammatory conditions. Neuropeptides released by cutaneous neurons such as substance P (SP), vasointenstinal peptide (VIP), calcitonine gene regulated peptide (CGRP), proopiomelancortin (POMC) peptides and others modulate the function of immunocompetent and inflammatory cells as well as epithelial and endothelial cells. They have been found to function as mediators of cell proliferation, cytokine and growth factor production as well as adhesion molecule and cell surface receptor expression. In addition many cells including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells have been shown to release several neuropeptides and they express their corresponding receptors. These findings indicate that neuropeptides participate in the complex network of mediators that regulate cutaneous inflammation, hyperproliferation and wound healing.     

炎症性皮肤病的DNA异常甲基化

DNA甲基化是一种重要的不改变DNA序列,但可影响基因表达水平并遗传的表观遗传学事件.随着DNA甲基化检测方法的日趋完善,有越来越多的研究表明,DNA异常甲基化与炎症性皮肤病相关.有研究证实或提示,DNA异常甲基化可能与多种炎症性皮肤疾病的发病机制密切相关,如银屑病、系统性红斑狼疮、特应性皮炎、系统性硬皮病,其他尚包括雄激素性脱发、慢性湿疹和天疱疮等,但研究并不能清楚地解释异常的甲基化模式如何在疾病中发挥具体的生物学作用.随着研究的深入,可对相关疾病的研究提供新的思路.     

润肤剂在炎症性皮肤病中的临床应用

近年来,润肤剂为干燥性炎症性皮肤病的基础治疗正逐渐成为共识,国际上润肤剂是皮肤病领域中重要的治疗产品,引导患者坚持自我皮肤护理的理念,教会患者居家皮肤护理的方法是确保最佳治疗效果、降低疾病复发频率和复发程度的关键所在。本文就润肤剂在炎症性皮肤病中的临床应用做一综述。     

Disorders of steroid metabolism in inflammatory skin diseases

The corticosteroid and androgen metabolites in the urine of 37 test subjects (11 healthy volunteers, 16 patients with eczema, and 10 patients with psoriasis) were investigated by means of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition, we studied the cortisol and testosterone levels in the plasma by radioimmunoassay. Those patients who had been treated with corticosteroids during the last two weeks were excluded. Our findings revealed that the excretion rate of steroid metabolites was significantly reduced in dermatological patients. The excretion rate of corticosteroids in urine was decreased an average of 25% (eczema) and 29% (psoriasis). The reduction of the androgen metabolites amounted to 26% and 31%. Cortisol and testosterone levels in the plasma were normal in all the cases.     

Anti-oxidant effects of retinoids on inflammatory skin diseases

Summary It is well known that retinoids are effective in the treatment of various dermatological disorders. It has been reported that retinoids have inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide (O ₂ ^- ) by stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In the present study, we investigated the effects of retinoids on the generation of O ₂ ^- and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including OH, H₂O₂ and chemiluminescence, by zymosan-stimulated PMNs and in the xanthinexanthine oxidase system, because these potent ROS may play an important role in PMN-mediated skin inflammation. It was found that some retinoids had anti-oxidant effects in the PMN system; however, apart from the effect of tretinoin and Ro 10-1670 on OH generation, none of the retinoids studied inhibited ROS generation in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. On the basis of these results, we discuss a possible mechanism connected with the role of ROS by which retinoids have favourable effects on several inflammatory skin disorders.