Nano-Fibrous Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Capable of Growth Factor Delivery

Tissue engineering aims at constructing biological substitutes to repair damaged tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds are commonly utilized to define the 3D geometry of tissue engineering constructs and provide adequate pore space and surface to support cell attachment, migration, proliferation, differentiation and neo tissue genesis. Biomimetic 3D scaffolds provide synthetic microenvironments that mimic the natural regeneration microenvironments and promote tissue regeneration process. While nano-fibrous (NF) scaffolds are constructed to mimic the architecture of NF extracellular matrix, controlled-release growth factors are incorporated to modulate the regeneration process. The present article summarizes current advances in methods to fabricate NF polymer scaffolds and the technologies to incorporate controlled growth factor delivery systems into 3D scaffolds, followed by examples of accelerated regeneration when the scaffolds with growth factor releasing capacity are applied in animal models.     

Surface engineered and drug releasing pre-fabricated scaffolds for tissue engineering

A wide range of polymeric scaffolds have been intensively studied for use as implantable and temporal devices in tissue engineering. Biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds having a highly open porous structure and good mechanical strength are needed to provide an optimal microenvironment for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, and guidance for cellular in-growth from host tissue. A variety of natural and synthetic polymeric scaffolds can be fabricated in the form of a solid foam, nanofibrous matrix, microsphere, or hydrogel. Biodegradable porous scaffolds can be surface engineered to provide an extracellular matrix mimicking environment for better cell adhesion and tissue in-growth. Furthermore, scaffolds can be designed to release bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, DNA, or drugs, in a sustained manner to facilitate tissue regeneration. This paper reviews the current status of surface engineered and drug releasing scaffolds for tissue engineering.     

Controlled release of drugs in electrosprayed nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering

Generating porous topographic substrates, by mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote the regeneration of damaged bone tissues, is a challenging process. Generally, scaffolds developed for bone tissue regeneration support bone cell growth and induce bone-forming cells by natural proteins and growth factors. Limitations are often associated with these approaches such as improper scaffold stability, and insufficient cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization with less growth factor expression. Therefore, the use of engineered nanoparticles has been rapidly increasing in bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. The electrospray technique is advantageous over other conventional methods as it generates nanomaterials of particle sizes in the micro/nanoscale range. The size and charge of the particles are controlled by regulating the polymer solution flow rate and electric voltage. The unique properties of nanoparticles such as large surface area-to-volume ratio, small size, and higher reactivity make them promising candidates in the field of biomedical engineering. These nanomaterials are extensively used as therapeutic agents and for drug delivery, mimicking ECM, and restoring and improving the functions of damaged organs. The controlled and sustained release of encapsulated drugs, proteins, vaccines, growth factors, cells, and nucleotides from nanoparticles has been well developed in nanomedicine. This review provides an insight into the preparation of nanoparticles by electrospraying technique and illustrates the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery for promoting bone tissue regeneration.     

Effective combination of aligned nanocomposite nanofibers and human unrestricted somatic stem cells for bone tissue engineering

Aim:

Bioartificial bone tissue engineering is an increasingly popular technique to solve bone defect challenges. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between matrix composition and appropriate cell type, focusing on hydroxyapatite (HA), to achieve a more effective combination for bone regeneration.

Methods:

Human unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) were isolated from placental cord blood. The cellular and molecular events during the osteo-induction of USSCs were evaluated for 21 d under the following conditions: (1) in basal culture, (2) supplemented with hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (nHA) suspension, and (3) seeded on electrospun aligned nanofibrous poly-ɛ-caprolactone/poly-L-lactic acid/nHA (PCL/PLLA/nHA) scaffolds. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tensile test.

Results:

Maintenance of USSCs for 21 d in basal or osteogenic culture resulted in significant increase in osteoblast differentiation. With nHA suspension, even soluble osteo-inductive additives were ineffective, probably due to induced apoptosis of the cells. In contrast to the hindrance of proliferation by nHA suspension, the scaffolds improved cell growth. The scaffolds mimic the nanostructure of natural bone matrix with the combination of PLLA/PCL (organic phase) and HA (inorganic phase) offering a favorable surface topography, which was demonstrated to possess suitable properties for supporting USSCs. Quantitative measurement of osteogenic markers, enzymatic activity and mineralization indicated that the scaffolds did not disturb, but enhanced the osteogenic potential of USSCs. Moreover, the alignment of the fibers led to cell orientation during cell growth.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated the synergism of PCL/PLLA/nHA nanofibrous scaffolds and USSCs in the augmentation of osteogenic differentiation. Thus, nHA grafted into PCL/PLLA scaffolds can be a suitable choice for bone tissue regeneration.     

Dexamethasone loaded multi-layer poly-l-lactic acid/pluronic P123 composite electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and drug delivery

In tissue engineering, it is common to mix drugs that can control proliferation and differentiation of cells into polymeric solutions as part of composite to get bioactive scaffolds. However, direct incorporation of drugs might potentially result in undesired burst release. To overcome this problem, here we developed electrospun multilayer drug loaded poly-l-lactic acid/pluronic P123 (PLLA–P123) composite scaffolds. The drug was loaded into the middle layer. The surface, the mechanical and physiochemical properties of the scaffolds were evaluated. The drug release profiles were monitored. Finally, the osteogenic proliferation and differentiation potential were determined. The scaffolds fabricated here have appropriate surface properties, but with different mechanical strength and osteogenic proliferation and differentiation. Multi-layer scaffolds where the drug was in the middle layer and PLLA-plasma and PLLA–P123 with cover layer showed the best osteogenic proliferation and differentiation than the other groups of scaffolds. The drug release profiles of the scaffolds were completely different: single layer scaffolds showed burst release within the first day, while multilayer scaffolds showed controlled release. Therefore, the multilayer drug loaded scaffolds prepared have dual benefits can provide both better osteogenesis and controlled release of drugs and bioactive molecules at the implant site.     

In vitro and in vivo investigation of PLA/PCL scaffold coated with metformin-loaded gelatin nanocarriers in regeneration of critical-sized bone defects

Large bone defects constitute a major challenge in bone tissue engineering and usually fail to heal due to the incomplete differentiation of recruited mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteogenic precursor cells. As previously proposed, metformin (MET) induces differentiation of MSCs into osteoblastic lineages in vitro. We fabricated a Poly (lactic acid) and Polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) scaffold to deliver metformin loaded gelatin nanocarriers (MET/GNs) to critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model. The scaffolds were evaluated regarding their morphology, porosity, contact angle, degradation rate, blood compatibility, biomechanical, cell viability and their osteogenic differentiation. In animal study, the defects were filled with autograft, scaffolds and a group was left empty. qRT-PCR analyses showed the expression level of osteogenic and angiogenic markers considerably increased in MET/GNs-PLA/PCL. The in vivo results showed that MET/GNs-PLA/PCL improved bone ingrowth, angiogenesis and defect reconstruction. Our results represent the applicability of MET/GNs-PLA/PCL for successful bone regeneration.     

Bone biomimetic microenvironment induces osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells

A critical strategy for tissue engineering is to provide the signals necessary for tissue regeneration by mimicking the tissue microenvironment. In this study, we mimicked (1) the bone chemical and the physical microenvironment by fabricating a three-dimensional nanocomposite scaffold composed of biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) coated with a nanocomposite layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) (BCP/PCL-nHA)), and (2) the bone's biological microenvironment by co-culturing with primary human osteoblasts (HOBs), and then investigated their effects on osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). In comparison with the ASCs cultured alone on BCP scaffolds that were coated only with PCL, early osteogenic differentiation of ASCs was induced by either seeding ASCs on BCP/PCL-nHA scaffolds or by co-culturing with HOBs; the combination of BCP/PCL-nHA scaffold and HOBs resulted in the synergistic enhancement of osteogenic gene expression. Moreover, we found that BCP/PCL-nHA scaffolds induced early osteogenic differentiation of ASCs through integrin-α2 and an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: The authors mimicked the physico-chemical environment of bone by fabricating a nanocomposite scaffold, and then co-cultured it with human osteoblasts. Demonstrated enhancement of osteogenic gene expression and early osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue derived stem cells were found using this approach.     

Critical factors in the design of growth factor releasing scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

BACKGROUND: Trauma or degenerative diseases of the joints are common clinical problems resulting in high morbidity. Although various orthopedic treatments have been developed and evaluated, the low repair capacities of articular cartilage renders functional results unsatisfactory in the long term. Over the last decade, a different approach (tissue engineering) has emerged that aims not only to repair impaired cartilage, but also to fully regenerate it, by combining cells, biomaterials mimicking extracellular matrix (scaffolds) and regulatory signals. The latter is of high importance as growth factors have the potency to induce, support or enhance the growth and differentiation of various cell types towards the chondrogenic lineage. Therefore, the controlled release of different growth factors from scaffolds appears to have great potential to orchestrate tissue repair effectively. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to highlight considerations and limitations of the design, materials and processing methods available to create scaffolds, in relation to the suitability to incorporate and release growth factors in a safe and defined manner. Furthermore, the current state of the art of signalling molecules release from scaffolds and the impact on cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo is reported and critically discussed. METHODS: The strict aspects of biomaterials, scaffolds and growth factor release from scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications are considered. CONCLUSION: Engineering defined scaffolds that deliver growth factors in a controlled way is a task seldom attained. If growth factor delivery appears to be beneficial overall, the optimal delivery conditions for cartilage reconstruction should be more thoroughly investigated.     

Nanoparticulate Systems for Growth Factor Delivery

The field of nanotechnology, which aims to control and utilize matter generally in 1–100 nm range, has been at the forefront of pharmaceutical development. Nanoparticulate delivery systems, with their potential to control drug release profiles, prolonging the presence of drugs in circulation, and to target drugs to a specific site, hold tremendous promise as delivery strategies for therapeutics. Growth factors are endogenous polypeptides that initiate intracellular signals to regulate cellular activities, such as proliferation, migration and differentiation. With improved understanding of their roles in physiopathology and expansion of their availability through recombinant technologies, growth factors are becoming leading therapeutic candidates for tissue engineering approaches. However, the outcome of growth factor therapeutics largely depends on the mode of their delivery due to their rapid degradation in vivo, and non-specific distribution after systemic administration. In order to overcome these impediments, nanoparticulate delivery systems are being harnessed for spatiotemporal controlled delivery of growth factors. This review presents recent advances and some disadvantages of various nanoparticulate systems designed for effective intact growth factor delivery. The therapeutic applications of growth factors delivered by such systems are reviewed, especially for bone, skin and nerve regeneration as well as angiogenesis. Finally, future challenges and directions in the field are presented in addition to the current limitations.     

Composite polymer-bioceramic scaffolds with drug delivery capability for bone tissue engineering

Introduction: Next-generation scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) should exhibit the appropriate combination of mechanical support and morphological guidance for cell proliferation and attachment while at the same time serving as matrices for sustained delivery of therapeutic drugs and/or biomolecular signals, such as growth factors. Drug delivery from BTE scaffolds to induce the formation of functional tissues, which may need to vary temporally and spatially, represents a versatile approach to manipulating the local environment for directing cell function and/or to treat common bone diseases or local infection. In addition, drug delivery from BTE is proposed to either increase the expression of tissue inductive factors or to block the expression of others factors that could inhibit bone tissue formation. Composite scaffolds which combine biopolymers and bioactive ceramics in mechanically competent 3D structures, including also organic–inorganic hybrids, are being widely developed for BTE, where the affinity and interaction between biomaterials and therapeutic drugs or biomolecular signals play a decisive role in controlling the release rate.

Areas covered: This review covers current developments and applications of 3D composite scaffolds for BTE which exhibit the added capability of controlled delivery of therapeutic drugs or growth factors. A summary of drugs and biomolecules incorporated in composite scaffolds and approaches developed to combine biopolymers and bioceramics in composites for drug delivery systems for BTE is presented. Special attention is given to identify the main challenges and unmet needs of current designs and technologies for developing such multifunctional 3D composite scaffolds for BTE.

Expert opinion: One of the major challenges for developing composite scaffolds for BTE is the incorporation of a drug delivery function of sufficient complexity to be able to induce the release patterns that may be necessary for effective osseointegration, vascularization and bone regeneration. Loading 3D scaffolds with different biomolecular agents should produce a codelivery system with different, predetermined release profiles. It is also envisaged that the number of relevant bioactive agents that can be loaded onto scaffolds will be increased, whilst the composite scaffold design should exploit synergistically the different degradation profiles of the organic and inorganic components.     

Microsphere-based drug releasing scaffolds for inducing osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

In this study, in vitro osteogenesis was successfully achieved in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by controlled release of the osteogenesis-inducing drugs dexamethasone, ascorbic acid (AA) and β-glycerophosphate (GP) from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sintered microsphere scaffolds (SMS). We investigated the osteogenesis of human MSCs (hMSCs) on dexamethasone laden PLGA-SMS (PLGA-Dex-SMS), and dexamethasone, AA and GP laden PLGA-SMS (PLGA-Com-SMS). hMSCs cultured on the microsphere systems, which act as drug release vehicles and also promote cell growth/tissue formation—displayed a strong osteogenic commitment locally. The osteogenic commitment of hMSCs on the scaffolds were verified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, calcium secretion assay, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. The results indicated hMSCs cultured on PLGA-Com-SMS exhibited superior osteogenic differentiation owing to significantly high phenotypic expression of typical osteogenic genes—osteocalcin (OC), type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Runx-2/Cbfa-1, and protein secretion of bone-relevant markers such as osteoclast and type I collagen when compared with PLGA-Dex-SMS. In conclusion, by promoting osteogenic development of hMSCs in vitro, this newly designed controlled release system opens a new door to bone reparation and regeneration.     

In vivo study of dendronlike nanoparticles for stem cells "tune-up": from nano to tissues

The control of stem cell differentiation to obtain osteoblasts in vivo is still regarded as a challenge in stem-cell-based and bone-tissue engineering strategies. Biodegradable dexamethasone-loaded dendron-like nanoparticles (NPs) of carboxymethylchitosan/poly(amidoamine) dendrimer have been proposed as intracellular drug-delivery systems of bioactive molecules. In this study, combination of nanotechnology, stem-cell engineering and tissue engineering is proposed in pre-programming the fate of rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs) towards osteoblasts cells and development of new bone tissue, in vivo. This work demonstrated that the developed NPs were able to be taken up by RBMSCs, and exhibited a noncytotoxic behavior in vitro. The performance of the developed dendronlike NP system for the intracellular delivery of dexamethasone was investigated by seeding the engineered RBMSCs onto starch-polycaprolactone scaffolds ex vivo, and implanting subcutaneously in the back of Fischer 344/N rats (Syngeneic), in the absence of the typical osteogenic supplements. Favorable results were observed in vivo, thus suggesting that stem cell "tune-up" strategy can open up a new regenerative strategy for bone-tissue engineering. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: In this study, a combination of nanotechnology, stem-cell engineering and tissue engineering is proposed in pre-programming the fate of rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs) towards osteoblasts cells and development of new bone tissue in vivo.     

Sustained delivery of plasmid DNA from polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering

The encapsulation of DNA into polymeric depot systems can be used to spatially and temporally control DNA release, leading to a sustained, local delivery of therapeutic factors for tissue regeneration. Prior to encapsulation, DNA may be condensed with cationic polymers to decrease particle size, protect DNA from degradation, promote interaction with cell membranes, and facilitate endosomal release via the proton sponge effect. DNA has been encapsulated with either natural or synthetic polymers to form micro- and nanospheres, porous scaffolds and hydrogels for sustained DNA release and the polymer physical and chemical properties have been shown to influence transfection efficiency. Polymeric depot systems have been applied for bone, skin, and nerve regeneration as well as therapeutic angiogenesis, indicating the broad applicability of these systems for tissue engineering.     

Bioactive peptide-modified biomaterials for bone regeneration

Bioactive biomaterials are desirable as tissue engineering scaffolds by virtue of their capability to mimic the natural environment of the extracellular matrix. Bioactive biomaterials have been achieved by incorporating synthetic short peptide sequences into suitable materials either by surface modification or by bulk incorporation. The goal is to enhance cell attachment and other basic functions. Bioactive peptides can be obtained from biological or chemically synthesized sources, increasing their specific cellular responses for tissue growth and development. Compared to using an entire growth factor in regenerative therapy, these peptides demonstrate potential advantages such as overcoming possible immunogenicity, being less susceptible to degradation, and producing fewer tumor-related side effects. Biomaterial scaffolds modified with peptides can provide biological ligands for cell-scaffold interactions that promote cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Peptide-based biomaterial scaffolds can be fabricated to form two- and three-dimensional structures. This review discusses cell-binding, biominerailization inducing peptides, and receptor-binding peptides for bone regeneration. This review also addresses issues related to peptide immobilization as well as potential complications that may develop as a result of using these versatile bioactive peptides. The development of self-assembled peptide amphiphiles with the goal of generating new three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering is also summarized.     

Design of electrospun nanofibrous mats for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

The clinical translation potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine has been greatly exploited. With the merits of high surface area to volume ratio, facile control of components, well retained topography, and the capacity to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), nanofibers have received a great deal of attention as bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Electrospinning has been considered as an efficient approach for scale-up fabrication of nanofibrous materials. Electrospun nanofibers are capable of stimulating cell–matrix interaction to form a cell niche, directing cellular behavior, and promoting the MSCs adhesion and proliferation. In this review, we give a comprehensive literature survey on the mechanisms of electrospun nanofibers in supporting the MSCs differentiation. Specifically, the influences of biological and physical osteogenic inductive cues on the MSCs osteogenic differentiation are reviewed. Along with the significant advances in the field, current research challenges and future perspectives are also discussed.     

Bone Regeneration Using Gene-Activated Matrices

Gene delivery to bone is a potential therapeutic strategy for directed, sustained, and regulated protein expression. Tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration include delivery of proteins, genes (viral and non-viral-mediated delivery), and/or cells to the bone defect site. In addition, biomimetic scaffolds and scaffolds incorporating bone anabolic agents greatly enhance the bone repair process. Regional gene therapy has the potential of enhancing bone defect healing and bone regeneration by delivering osteogenic genes locally to the osseous lesions, thereby reducing systemic toxicity and the need for using supraphysiological dosages of therapeutic proteins. By implanting gene-activated matrices (GAMs), sustained gene expression and continuous osteogenic protein production in situ can be achieved in a way that stimulates osteogenesis and bone repair within osseous defects. Critical parameters substantially affecting the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy include the choice of osteogenic transgene(s), selection of non-viral or viral vectors, the wound environment, and the selection of ex vivo and in vivo gene delivery strategies, such as GAMs. It is critical for gene therapy applications that clinically beneficial amounts of proteins are synthesized endogenously within and around the lesion in a sustained manner. It is therefore necessary that reliable and reproducible methods of gene delivery be developed and tested for their efficacy and safety before translating into clinical practice. Practical considerations such as the age, gender, and systemic health of patients and the nature of the disease process also need to be taken into account in order to personalize the treatments and progress towards developing a clinically applicable gene therapy for healing bone defects. This review discusses tissue engineering strategies to regenerate bone with specific focus on non-viral gene delivery systems.     

Matrices and scaffolds for delivery of bioactive molecules in bone and cartilage tissue engineering

Regeneration of bone and cartilage defects can be accelerated by localized delivery of appropriate growth factors incorporated within biodegradable carriers. The carrier essentially allows the impregnated growth factor to release at a desirable rate and concentration, and to linger at injury sites for a sufficient time to recruit progenitors and stimulate tissue healing processes. In addition, the carrier can be formulated to have particular structure to facilitate cellular infiltration and growth. In this review, we present a summary of growth factor delivery carrier systems for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Firstly, we describe a list of growth factors implicated in repair and regeneration of bone and cartilage by addressing their biological effects at different stages of the healing process. General requirements for localized growth factor delivery carriers are then discussed. We also provide selective examples of material types (natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and their composites) and fabricated forms of the carrier (porous scaffolds, microparticles, and hydrogels), highlighting the dose-dependent efficacy, release kinetics, animal models, and restored tissue types. Extensive discussion on issues involving currently investigated carriers for bone and cartilage tissue engineering approaches may illustrate future paths toward the development of an ideal growth factor delivery system.     

辛伐他汀组织工程骨材料的制备及性能研究

目的:探讨制备的辛伐他汀组织工程骨复合支架材料的理化性质及力学强度.方法:将同种异体骨、Ⅰ型胶原、辛伐他汀进行系列理化处理,制备成单纯组织工程骨材料、胶原组织工程骨材料、辛伐他汀组织工程骨复合材料.制备后的材料用扫描电镜观察其形貌特征,用X线衍射分析材料成分,并对材料的力学性能进行分析测定.结果:单纯组织工程骨材料具有天然骨的网状孔隙系统;胶原组织工程骨材料具有天然骨的网状孔隙系统,微孔表面覆盖胶原膜;辛伐他汀组织工程骨复合材料具有骨组织的天然网状孔隙系统,微孔表面可见胶原膜覆盖;单纯组织工程骨材料、胶原组织工程骨材料、辛伐他汀组织工程骨复合材料主要成分均为羟基磷灰石[HA,Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6],3种材料的孔径大小、空隙率、弯曲强度和压缩强度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:辛伐他汀组织工程骨复合材料与其他2种材料理化性质和力学强度相同,可作为一种有效的天然组织工程骨支架材料.     

Bone tissue engineering by gene delivery

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 were recently granted United States Food and Drug Administration approval for select clinical applications in bone repair. While significant progress has been made in the delivery of recombinant osteogenic factor to promote bone healing, the short half-life and instability of the protein requires the delivery of milligram quantities of factor or multiple dosages. The potential of gene therapy for bone regeneration is the delivery of physiological levels of therapeutic protein using natural cellular mechanisms. Experimental investigations have demonstrated this approach uses lower dosages of factor to yield bone healing equivalent to that achieved via the administration of recombinant factor or use of bone grafts. The current states of gene delivery for bone tissue engineering applications and challenges to be met are presented in this review. Over the past couple of years, studies have continued to examine the delivery of the osteogenic factor bone morphogenetic protein using gene therapies. The importance of angiogenesis to bone formation has prompted the development of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression systems for bone regeneration. Viral vectors, in combination with allograft bone, have been investigated to improve existing surgical care. Newly constructed vectors with reduced immunogenicity and regulated gene expression systems provide a greater degree of control over the timing and level of gene expression. Several advances have allowed bone tissue engineering by gene delivery to advance beyond serving as a potential treatment for isolated bone defects and fractures to a gene therapy approach for the treatment of genetic based bone diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta.     

壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙支架的力学性能及异位成骨能力的研究

目的对壳聚糖-丝素蛋白支架(CS-SF)与壳聚糖-丝素蛋白-磷酸三钙支架(CS-SF-TCP)的力学性能及早期体内成骨能力进行实验研究,以寻求更适合牙周组织工程的支架材料。方法采用二次冻干技术制备2种支架,用Instron5544拉伸实验机对该2种支架的压缩模量进行测试,并将2种支架与矿化诱导后的骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)复合培养3d后无菌条件下移植入裸鼠背部皮下,4周时取出标本行大体观察、苏木精-伊红染色、Ⅰ型胶原免疫组织化学染色,观察2种支架的体内成骨能力。结果力学性能检测结果显示:CS-SF组与CS-SF-TCP组的抗压强度分别为(0.44±0.15)MPa、(1.44±0.96)MPa。CS-SF-TCP组高于CS-SF组(P<0.05)。早期体内成骨能力结果:肉眼观察取出的植入物均有薄膜包绕。HE染色可见CS-SF+BMSCs与CS-SF-TCP+BMSCs组可见支架中心长入大量的细胞并有胶原样物质生成。免疫组织化学见2组均有不同程度的Ⅰ型胶原阳性表达,CS-SF-TCP+BMSCs组表达要高于CS-SF+BMSCs组(P<0.05)。结论与CS-SF支架相比,CS-SF-TCP支架有更好的力学性能及诱导BMSCs形成新生的骨组织的能力,更适合于牙周组织工程的支架。