More than ten years' follow-up of the Hancock porcine bioprosthesis in Japan.

From February 1975 through October 1981, 256 Hancock porcine bioprostheses (Johnson & Johnson Cardiovascular, King of Prussia, Pa.) (60 aortic, 169 mitral, and 27 pulmonary/tricuspid position) were implanted in 220 patients (104 male and 116 female, aged 9 to 67 years; mean 43.3) at Kyushu University Hospital in Japan. The procedures include 41 aortic valve replacements, 121 mitral valve replacements, 4 pulmonary valve replacements, 6 tricuspid valve replacements, and 48 combined valve replacements (31 aortic plus mitral, 13 mitral plus tricuspid, and 4 aortic plus mitral plus tricuspid). Hospital mortality was 6.4%. Follow-up was 98% during 8 to 14 (mean 10.5) years. Cumulative follow-up was 1836 patient-years and 2078 valve-years. At 10 years the overall actuarial survival rate, including hospital morality, was 70% +/- 3%, and freedom from valve-related mortality with sudden death was 87% +/- 3%. More than half of the current survivors required no anticoagulant therapy. Freedom from thromboembolism or anticoagulant-related hemorrhage (or both) and prosthetic valve endocarditis was common. Freedom from structural valve failure and reoperation declined more than 9 years after replacement of left-sided heart valves but not after replacement of right-sided heart valves. Sixty-seven patients underwent 68 repeat operations, and there were four deaths (5.9%). The rate of freedom from overall valve-related complications at 10 years was 62% +/- 8% for aortic valve replacement, 53% +/- 5% for mitral valve replacement, 80% +/- 13% for pulmonary/tricuspid valve replacement, and 42% +/- 9% for combined valve replacement. There was a significant difference between pulmonary/tricuspid valve replacement and combined valve replacement (p less than 0.05). The Hancock bioprosthesis is suitable for the replacement of valves in the right side of the heart but not for combined valve replacement.     

Tricuspid valve annuloplasty with a flexible prosthetic band

This study evaluates the application to the tricuspid valve of a flexible prosthetic band originally devised for mitral repair. Between March 2001 and May 2005, 53 consecutive patients (age 66.2+/-8.5 years) with significant tricuspid regurgitation and dilatation of the right-sided cardiac chambers underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty with the band and concomitant mitral repair or replacement. Thirty-one patients (58.5%) were in NYHA class III or IV, and 33 (62.3%) had a history of right heart failure. Follow-up was 19.2+/-14.0 months. Three patients (5.7%) died before discharge, and one during follow-up. One late reoperation was required for mitral endocarditis. NYHA class decreased in survivors from 2.7+/-0.8 to 1.4+/-0.6 (P<0.0001), and the symptoms of right heart failure improved significantly after surgery. Tricuspid regurgitation was mild or absent in 44 survivors (89.8%) and moderate in 5 (10.2%). Regurgitation significantly decreased even in patients with risk factors for tricuspid repair failure or with persistent left ventricular dysfunction. The 4-year actuarial freedom from tricuspid regurgitation grade >1 was 88.7%. By univariable analysis, preoperative tricuspid regurgitation grade >2, right ventricular shortening fraction <35%, and permanent pacemaker were associated with the risk of recurrent moderate regurgitation, though only probably so (P=0.077, 0.061, and 0.097, respectively).     

Right-sided infective endocarditis: valvuloplasty, valvectomy or replacement

Fifteen patients were operated upon for right-sided infective endocarditis after failing medical treatment. The infection was localized sufficiently to allow reconstruction without valve replacement in 9 patients (60%). Extensive annular and tri-leaflet infections (2 pts.) or significant residual regurgitation (2 pts.) prohibited reconstruction in four patients. In the remaining two patients, the relatively low intracardiac pressures allowed isolated tricuspid or pulmonary valvectomy (1 each). The single hospital mortality (6.7%) resulted from a missed secondary lesion during reparation. Late recurrence or replacement in the valvuloplasty group was 0 in 9 patients (0%) while late replacement or death from infection occurred in 2 of 5 patients (40%) in the valvectomy and replacement groups. Right-sided endocarditis is frequently amenable to reconstruction without late recurrence. Its advantage is in establishing satisfactory hemodynamics without prosthetic replacement. Alternatively, isolated valvectomy can be occasionally performed. Simultaneous or staged prosthetic replacement is frequently required for early (associated left-sided infection) and late (right-sided dilation) hemodynamic reasons.     

Candida parapsilosis tricuspid native valve endocarditis: 3-year follow-up after surgical treatment

In non-addicted patients, several states such as alcoholism, previous valvular heart disease or prosthetic valve replacement, immunodeficiency states, prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation, permanent pacemakers, and some congenital heart diseases can provide the predisposing factors for tricuspid valve endocarditis. It is an extremely rare occurrence in patients with normal native cardiac valves. In this report, we present a case of a 67-year-old woman with tricuspid native valve endocarditis related to Candida parapsilosis which is a very rare cause of infective endocarditis and carries a high mortality risk. An operation was indicated for the patient due to persistent enlarging vegetation on tricuspid valve, severe tricuspid regurgitation, septic pulmonary emboli and finally uncompensated respiratory and heart failure. She underwent tricuspid valve replacement with bioprothesis three years ago and now she is in a satisfactory condition without any medical treatment.     

Reparative approach for right-sided endocarditis. Operative considerations and results of valvuloplasty

From 1981 to 1986, 12 patients were operated on for right-sided endocarditis after the failure of initial medical treatment (five staphylococcal, three streptococcal, two fungal, one gram-negative, and one mixed organism). The sources of infection were intravenous drugs in six patients, central catheters in two, and malformations in four. Preoperatively, 10 of 12 (83%) of these patients were in class III or IV. Reparative or reconstructive approaches, including valvuloplasty, were attempted for all these right-sided endocarditis lesions and were hemodynamically effective in 10 of 12 (83%) patients. The low right-sided intracardiac pressures and the three-leaflet configuration (one pulmonary and nine tricuspid valves) have lent themselves to this approach. Extensive annular invasion and multileaflet infections were technical limitations in the remaining patients. The overall outcome was favorable during the mean follow-up period of 25 months (hospital mortality 1/12, 8.3%; late death 1/11, 9%). Reparative or reconstructive approaches for right-sided infective endocarditis should be considered and can be successfully achieved. Their advantages include (1) improved hemodynamics, (2) low recurrence, and (3) favorable long-term results without staged or simultaneous prosthetic valve replacement.     

Immediate tricuspid valve replacement for endocarditis. Indications and results

Tricuspid valve excision for tricuspid endocarditis in addicts is recommended to avoid early reinfection, continued sepsis, and late reinfection because of the resumption of intravenous drug abuse. Valvectomy is allegedly well tolerated hemodynamically by some, but it leads to heart failure in at least a third of patients. In our experience in 10 addicts with staphylococcal endocarditis who had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy, tricuspid valve replacement allowed all 10 to leave the hospital free of infection and free of heart failure. Resumption of drug addiction in three led to septic death, but not necessarily to tricuspid reinfection. Two returned to jobs requiring a high level of physical labor and tolerated this without difficulty. We find no need to follow the practice of tricuspid valve excision for tricuspid endocarditis in addicts. Those who refrain from drug abuse are well served by valve replacement. Those who do not are doomed with or without a tricuspid valve.     

Right-sided bacterial endocarditis. New concepts in the treatment of the uncontrollable infection

Our experience with 25 patients with right-sided bacterial endocarditis is described; 23 were heroin addicts. The clinical manifestations of right-sided endocarditis are primarily related to septic pulmonary embolism.When the infection was due to gram-positive cocci, antibiotics always cured the patient. However, if the infection was due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to therapy, excision of the infected tricuspid or tricuspid and pulmonary valves without prosthetic replacement effected a cure. Nine out of 10 long-term survivors treated in this manner have had no significant hemodynamic difficulties.Antibiotic therapy must be limited to six weeks or less, because if the infection persists beyond this period it may also spread to the left side of the heart, where valve excision without replacement is impossible.     

Favorable ten-year experience with valve procedures for active infective endocarditis

We have reviewed our 1972 to 1982 experience with valve procedures for infective endocarditis in 52 consecutive patients to evaluate the results of an interdisciplinary policy of early operation for uncontrolled complications. There were 47 patients with native valve endocarditis and five with prosthetic valve endocarditis. Twenty-seven were drug addicts and 25 were not. Thirty-seven (71%) required operation during the active phase of the disease and 15 during the inactive phase. Ninety-three percent of the addicts, 41% of the nonaddicts, and all patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis were in the active group. The distribution of infected valves was as follows: aortic, 21 active and 10 inactive; mitral, six active and three inactive; aortic and mitral, five active and two inactive; aortic and tricuspid, one active and none inactive; and tricuspid, four active and none inactive. Streptococcus was the most common infecting organism in both groups--predominantly group D in addicts and non-D in nonaddicts. Staphylococcus, gram-negative rods, and fungi occurred only in the active group. Indications for operation were congestive heart failure alone (19 active and 15 inactive), congestive heart failure and refractory infection or major emboli (nine active and none inactive), and resistant or refractory infection alone or with emboli (nine active and none inactive). Periannular abscess or aneurysm formation was most frequent at the aortic valve site in patients with native valve endocarditis; it occurred in 13 of 25 patients (52%) in the active group and in one of 12 patients (8%) in the inactive group. Six patients with preoperative stroke syndromes underwent operation without neurological deterioration; two patients had rupture of cerebral mycotic aneurysms postoperatively. Hospital mortality was 8% (3/7) in the active group and 0% in the inactive group. The late actuarial survival rate was 64% at 5 years and 54% at 10 years. Seven of nine deaths in the addict group were related to continued drug use, with five deaths occurring in the first 18 months. These results support a policy of early operation for uncontrolled complications with attention to the particular problems of active endocarditis.     

Tricuspid valve replacement in children

Between 1974 and January, 1986, 11 children underwent 13 tricuspid valve replacements at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Age at operation ranged from 24 hours to 14.5 years (mean, 6.9 years). Morphology of the tricuspid valves included Ebstein's anomaly (6 patients), congenital tricuspid regurgitation (3), tricuspid regurgitation and univentricular heart (1), and previous tricuspid valve excision for acute endocarditis (1). There were 4 early deaths: the 3 youngest infants in the series (age 1 day to 16 days) and another child who underwent emergency valve replacement died. On follow-up to 13 years after valve replacement, there were 2 late deaths and two reoperations. Both reoperations were for calcified degenerative tissue prostheses 6.5 and 9 years following implantation. The estimated 5-year survival based on a collected review of data from the literature is 68 +/- 9% for children with prosthetic tricuspid valves. Although tissue valve durability is better in the tricuspid position than on the systemic side of the circulation, calcification does result in late dysfunction. Tricuspid valve repair should always be carried out when possible, especially in the infant group. Elective prosthetic valve replacement in older children can be performed with reasonable operative risk and reasonable late results.     

Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age.

We present our experience in mitral valve replacement (including left-sided tricuspid valve in corrected transposition) in patients younger than 6 years of age. The long term results were examined with special focus on re-replacement of the valve. Between 1974 and 1995, we performed mitral valve replacement in 14 patients younger than 6 years of age, with no operative mortality. There were 3 late deaths, caused by endocarditis, valve thrombosis, and congestive heart failure, respectively. The five-year-survival rate after primary replacement was 85%, and the ten-year-survival rate was 75%, using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Ten patients (11 occasions) required repeated mitral valve replacements at 2 months to 17 years after the original replacement. The indication for the second or third mitral valve replacement was paravalvular leakage (2 patients), valve thrombosis (1 patient), degeneration in the porcine prosthesis (3 patients), and patient outgrowth of the original small prosthesis (5 patients). Again there was no operative mortality. One patient who suffered from multiple occasions of valve thrombosis died at two years after the second replacement. All patients who had outgrown the prosthetic valve received larger prosthesis at the second replacement than at the primary replacement. The actuarial percentage of freedom from valve-related events at 3 years, 5 years, and at 10 years, was 50%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age can be performed relatively safely, but meticulous follow-up and appropriate decision making for re-replacement is mandatory for the long-term survival of these patients.     

Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age

We present our experience in mitral valve replacement (including left-sided tricuspid valve in corrected transposition) in patients younger than 6 years of age. The long term results were examined with special focus on re-replacement of the valve. Between 1974 and 1995, we performed mitral valve replacement in 14 patients younger than 6 years of age, with no operative mortality. There were 3 late deaths, caused by endocarditis, valve thrombosis, and congestive heart failure, respectively. The five-year-survival rate after primary replacement was 85%, and the ten-year-survival rate was 75%, using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Ten patients (11 occasions) required repeated mitral valve replacements at 2 months to 17 years after the original replacement. The indication for the second or third mitral valve replacement was paravalvular leakage (2 patients), valve thrombosis (1 patient), degeneration in the porcine prosthesis (3 patients), and patient outgrowth of the original small prosthesis (5 patients). Again there was no operative mortality. One patient who suffered from multiple occasions of valve thrombosis died at two years after the second replacement. All patients who had outgrown the prosthetic valve received larger prosthesis at the second replacement than at the primary replacement. The actuarial percentage of freedom from valve-related events at 3 years, 5 years, and at 10 years, was 50%, 37%, and 8%, respectively. Conclusions: Mitral valve replacement in patients younger than 6 years of age can be performed relatively safely, but meticulous follow-up and appropriate decision making for re-replacement is mandatory for the long-term survival of these patients.     

The case for early surgical treatment of left-sided primary infective endocarditis. A collective review.

Sixteen cases of infective endocarditis requiring valve replacement with a prosthesis are described. The indication for surgery was intractable congestive heart failure in all. Fourteen patients underwent aortic valve replacement, with five hospital deaths secondary to cardiac decompensation and one late death related to recurrent periprosthetic insufficiency. Two patients who required mitral valve replacement did well, with no early or late deaths. A collected review of 293 cases of left-sided primary infective endocarditis reported in the English literature confirms the feasibility, advisability, and life-saving potential of urgent surgical intervention in patients with persistent or progressive congestive heart failure, irrespective of the activity of the infective process or the duration of antibiotic therapy. All infected tissue should be resected, and Teflon bolsters should be used to minimize the incidence of periprosthetic leaks. The incidence of prosthetic infection is minimal, contrasted with the fatal potential of procrastination to achieve microbial cure.     

心脏瓣膜病再次手术221例临床分析

目的总结既往有二尖瓣闭式扩张术、瓣膜成形术、瓣周漏及生物瓣失功能等的患者再次瓣膜手术的经验。方法自1998年1月至2005年8月,实施心脏瓣膜病再次手术221例,其中急症手术8例。其中二尖瓣闭式扩张后再狭窄105例,二尖瓣或主动脉瓣成形术后复发性瓣膜病变37例,瓣周漏29例,生物瓣衰败18例,其他瓣膜再发病变11例,人工瓣膜机械功能障碍9例,Ebstein畸形矫治术后三尖瓣关闭不全7例,人工瓣膜心内膜炎5例。再次手术方式包括二尖瓣置换、二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换、主动脉瓣置换、三尖瓣置换。两次手术间隔时间1～21年。结果全组术后死亡19例,占8．6％。早期死亡主要原因为术后低心排综合征、恶性心律失常、多脏器功能衰竭与肾功能衰竭,其中急症手术8例中死亡3例,术前心功能Ⅳ级者手术死亡9例,病死率为14．5％（9／62例）。结论瓣膜病再次手术危险因素包括急症手术、术前心功能差、合并其他重要脏器功能不全、体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间长等。针对这些因素积极防治,可以进一步降低这类患者手术病死率和并发症发生率。     

Multivalvular surgery for infective endocarditis.

The short and the long-term results of our experience with 25 consecutive patients who underwent multivalvular surgery for infective endocarditis are analysed. Preoperatively, 20/25 (80%) patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) stage III or IV, and 2/25 (8%) patients were in cardiogenic shock. All the diseased valves were replaced with mechanical bileaflet prosthesis except seven mitral valves and one tricuspid valve, which could be repaired. Major postoperative complications occurred in 3/25 (12%) patients: a fatal cerebral haemorrhage, a reversible cerebellar syndrome and an intractable heart failure, which required transplantation. During a mean follow-up of 4.7 years (range 6 months to 16.8 years), 7/25 (28%) patients suffered from valve-related complications: five bleedings (one died), one embolic event and one prosthetic valve thrombosis. The actuarial freedom of valve-related event at 10 years was 61.8 +/- 12.4%. There was no prosthetic endocarditis. At follow-up, 20/21 (95%) survivors were in NYHA stage I or II. Long-term outcome in our patient population operated on for multivalvular endocarditis, is satisfactory with no recurrent infection and excellent functional results.     

Operative results of tricuspid valve replacement with St. Jude Medical prosthesis

Since 1974, 14 patients underwent tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) with prosthetic heart valves. Hardy's operation was undergone in 2 patients with Ebstein's anomaly and mitral valve surgery or multiple valve surgery were undergone in 9 patients with rheumatic valvular disease, concomitantly. Four types of prosthetic heart valves were used in the tricuspid position, i.e. 2 Starr-Edwards prostheses, 1 Hancock xenograft, 1 Bj?rk-Shiley prosthesis and 12 st. Jude Medical prostheses. The operative mortality rate was 14.3% (2/14) and 2 hospital deaths were due to low cardiac output syndrome. Twelve survivors have been followed with a maximum follow-up of 13 years and the mean of 4.7 years. There were 3 late deaths due to congestive heart failure and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) of the aortic Bj?rk-Shiley prosthesis. There was 1 PVE of the tricuspid Starr-Edwards prosthesis and 1 thrombosis of the tricuspid Bj?rk-Shiley prosthesis, but no thrombosis and no other valve-related complications of SJM prostheses in the tricuspid position. The post-operative NYHA function class improved satisfactorily in 9 survivors. Judging from our relatively satisfactory post-operative results in TVR cases using SJM prostheses, SJM prosthesis in the tricuspid position is one of advisable prosthesis to get satisfactory hemodynamic improvement post-operatively.     

复杂性感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的评价瓣周脓肿、心肌脓肿以及瓣膜严重毁损等复杂性感染性心内膜炎手术治疗的近、远期疗效.方法回顾性分析1988年12月至2002年6月手术治疗的复杂性心内膜炎患者57例临床资料,均为原发性心内膜炎,其中感染侵犯主动脉瓣25例、二尖瓣16例、二尖瓣和主动脉瓣16例.术中发现瓣叶严重毁损32例、主动脉瓣周脓肿19例、主动脉根部环形脓肿导致左心室-主动脉连接破坏4例、二尖瓣后瓣环脓肿11例、心肌脓肿6例、瓣膜赘生物形成55例.脓肿清除后遗留残腔采用间断褥式缝合6例、自体心包片修补19例、牛心包片修补6例、聚四氟乙烯膨体补片修补4例;施行以带瓣管道作升主动脉根部替换和左、右冠状动脉移植术4例,主动脉瓣替换术21例,二尖瓣替换术16例,主动脉瓣及二尖瓣双瓣替换术16例.结果早期死亡6例(11%),死亡主要原因为低心输出量综合征、人造心脏瓣膜性心内膜炎和多脏器功能衰竭.随访4个月至14年,平均(5.93±0.20)年.晚期死亡5例,晚期主要并发症为人造瓣膜性心内膜炎.术后1年心功能恢复NYHA分组Ⅰ～Ⅱ级占96%(44/46);5年再手术免除率为(84±3)%,5年实际生存率为(61±9)%.结论复杂性心内膜炎局部组织破坏较多,应限期手术或急症手术,清创后残腔的处理是影响手术本身能否成功以及术后近、远期效果的关键.     

Valve replacement in the right side of the heart in children: long-term follow-up

Twenty-five patients (16 male, 9 female) underwent right-sided valve replacement (10 pulmonary valve replacement, 14 tricuspid valve replacement, 3 tricuspid plus pulmonary valve replacement, and 2 replacements of a single atrioventricular valve) at the University of Nebraska Medical Center from June 1977 to December 1986. Twenty-one patients (84%) are long-term survivors with 2,035 months follow-up (range, 41 to 143 months; mean, 96.9 months). Twenty-three Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthetic valves, one Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthetic valve, and nine St. Jude Medical valves were inserted. Follow-up of 17 patients with a Carpentier-Edwards valve ranged from 5 years 9 months to 11 years 9 months (mean, 8 years 11 months). To date there has been one reoperation after 3 years 4 months in this group. One patient who received an Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis required re-replacement at 20 months after operation. Three of 4 patients who received St. Jude mechanical valves and are long-term survivors have required replacement after 36 to 56 months. We conclude that the Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthetic valve is a viable option in the right side of the heart in the young age group when annular size is adequate to accommodate an appropriate bioprosthesis.     

Early and late outcomes after reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis

OBJECTIVE: Prosthetic valve endocarditis remains a challenging complication after heart valve replacement. To identify predictive risk factors, we have reviewed 30 patients who underwent surgery for prosthetic valve endocarditis between March 1986 and May 1999. METHODS: There were 15 men and 15 women (mean age 51 years). Prosthetic valve endocarditis was classified as early (< or = 1 year after operation) in 10 cases, and as late in the other 20 cases. The most common indication for surgery was moderate to severe congestive heart failure due to prosthetic valve dysfunction in 21 (70%) patients. The average follow-up period was 6.5 years, with a range of 0.3 to 14.1 years. RESULTS: The most common microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis in both patients with early (50%) and late prosthetic valve endocarditis (25%). The in-hospital mortality was 13.3% (4/30). There were six late deaths. The actuarial survival at 5 years was 78% and 66% at 10 years. An early onset of prosthetic valve endocarditis was the only significant determinant of both in-hospital mortality (p = 0.005) and overall mortality (p = 0.021). Emergency surgery had a statistically significant relationship with in-hospital mortality (p = 0.045). No significant influence on mortality after reoperation for prosthetic valve endocarditis was found in age, sex, valve position, antecedent native valve endocarditis, or in the type of pathological findings (ring abscess, valve dehiscence, and vegetation). CONCLUSION: Early onset of prosthetic valve endocarditis and emergency surgery were important risk factors for mortality due to prosthetic valve endocarditis.     

三尖瓣置换术后早期及晚期疗效

目的　总结三尖瓣置换术后早期及晚期疗效 ,并分析与早期病死率可能有关的危险因素。方法　行三尖瓣置换术 2 3例病人中男 11例 ,女 12例 ;年龄 12～ 5 6岁 ,平均 2 7岁。其中三尖瓣下移畸形17例、先天性三尖瓣发育不全 3例、风湿性病变 2例、感染性心内膜炎 1例。术前心功能II级 3例、III级13例 ,IV级 7例。结果　本组死亡 3例 ,早期病死率 13%。平均随访时间 80个月 (5～ 130个月 ) ,随访率95 %。晚期死亡 1例 (5 2 % )。1例于术后 86个月时因生物瓣失功再次行三尖瓣置换 ;1例右房血栓。术后生存者心功能I～II级 15例 ,III级 3例。多因素分析显示 ,心功能IV级 (P =0 0 2 )、严重腹水 (P =0 0 0 1)及置换机械瓣 (P =0 0 13)与术后早期病死率有显著相关。结论　三尖瓣置换术后早期及晚期效果良好。术前心功能IV级、严重腹水以及置换机械瓣对术后早期病死率有明显影响     

再次直视心脏瓣膜置换术疗效分析

目的 总结再次直视心脏瓣膜置换术的治疗体会.方法 2002年1月至2009年12月完成再次直视心脏瓣膜置换术104例,占同期瓣膜置换手术的2.92%(104/3557).男性53例,女性51例,年龄13～72岁,平均(46±14)岁.心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级67例,Ⅳ级30例.其中二尖瓣或主动脉瓣置换术后其他瓣膜病变28例,二尖瓣瓣膜成形术后再发二尖瓣关闭不全10例,瓣周漏19例,生物瓣衰败7例,先天性心脏病矫治术再发瓣膜病变18例,人工瓣膜心内膜炎10例,人工瓣膜机械功能障碍9例,其他3例.再次手术方式包括二尖瓣和主动脉瓣双瓣置换2例,二尖瓣置换59例,主动脉瓣置换24例,三尖瓣置换16例,Bentall术3例.两次手术间隔1个月～19年.结果 全组早期死亡8例,早期死亡主要原因为术后低心排血量综合征、肾功能不全或多脏器功能衰竭,病死率7.7%.术中大出血2例,术后再次开胸止血2例,胸骨正中切口感染1例.随访3个月～7年2个月,平均3年4个月.晚期死亡2例,1例抗凝过量颅内出血,另1例原因不明.其余存活患者术后半年随访心功能(NYHA分级)Ⅰ级67例,Ⅱ级27例.结论 再次换瓣手术如恰当掌握手术时机、术中加强心肌保护、保证准确的手术操作、注重围手术期处理,临床近、远期效果满意.