人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎22例疗效观察

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效。方法 22例类风湿性关节炎采用TKA治疗,取膝前正中切口手术,假体均采用骨水泥固定,均未行髌骨置换。按美国特种外科医院膝关节评分系统(HSS)进行疗效评定。结果所有患者假体置入满意,无假体松动、移位发生。术后获平均11.2(9~14)个月随访,HSS评分从术前平均(41.69±1.39)分提高到术后平均(82.00±1.75)分,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效确切,能有效解除疼痛和改善患者的膝关节功能。     

人工全膝关节置换术的适应证选择及疗效分析

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术的手术适应证及影响疗效的因素。方法：对20例24膝人工全膝关节置换术进行临床分析和总结。结果：人工全膝关节置换术后疼痛，关节功能及活动度分别较术前改善70%，57%和35%，结论：人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重类风湿性关节炎和骨性关节炎的有效方法。     

全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎15例

目的。评价人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重类风湿性关节炎的效果．方法：对15例全膝关节置换术进行临床分析和总结，并采用美国Tohn．M．Insall评分标准进行分析。结果：手术优良率为93．3％，病人术后在疼痛、功能及关节活动度等方面都有明显改善，尤其是在缓解疼痛方面效果显。结论：全膝关节置换术是治疗严重类风湿性关节炎的有效方法。     

自体血回输在类风湿性关节炎全膝关节置换术后的临床应用

目的：探讨自体血回输在类风湿性关节炎全膝关节术后的临床应用。方法：2000年11月至2003年12月,在346例类风湿性关节炎(478膝)全膝关节置换术后使用自体血回输,记录引流量、回输量及并发症。结果：术后引流共369770ml,回输312995ml,占回输量的84．6％,平均每例回输904．61ml,无患者出现输血反应,无其他并发症。结论：自体血回输应用于类风湿性关节炎全膝关节置换术后是安全有效的,可节约血源,避免血液传播疾病的发生。     

重症类风湿性关节炎膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形全膝关节置换术的软组织平衡

目的 探讨重症类风湿性关节炎膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形患者行全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)软组织平衡的方法及疗效. 方法 1997年11月-2006年5月,收治38例重症类风湿性关节炎膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形患者.男8例,女30例:年龄48～71岁,平均58.2岁.病程2年4个月～16年,平均7.6年.术前膝关节屈曲挛缩(38.2 4±11.3)°,关节活动度为(49.1 q±17.8)° HSS评分为(23.9 q±16.9)分.患者均初次行双侧TKA.术前根据屈曲挛缩畸形程度分为轻度(≤20°)5例,中度(20～60°)26例,重度(≥60°)7例.术中在准确截骨的基础上,对于不同程度的膝关节屈曲畸形采取不同的软组织平衡方法,将软组织松解与平衡归结为后房室结构的松解、内外侧副韧带的平衡等. 结果 术中除5例膝关节残留5～10°屈曲挛缩畸形外,33例患者膝关节均能完全伸直.术后3～6 d 5膝发生下肢深静脉栓塞,术后1周3膝出现皮下浅部感染,经对症处理后愈合.38例患者均获随访,随访时间10个月～8年,中位随访时间37个月.患者膝关节屈曲挛缩度为(2.4 4±5.7) °,关节活动度为(96.3 4±14.6) °,膝关节HSS评分为(81.7 4±10.4)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).HSS评分获优27例(71.05%),良6例(15.79%),可5例(13.16%),优良率达86.84%. 结论 软组织平衡是矫正膝关节屈曲挛缩畸形的主要手段,合理的软组织平衡可避免过量截骨,使屈曲挛缩的膝关节在TKA术后获得明显的畸形矫正、活动度增加和功能恢复.     

类风湿性关节炎全膝关节置换的临床疗效观察

目的:观察人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重类风湿性关节炎的临床疗效.方法:我院2003年3月-2005年12月对11例严重类风湿关节炎患者行人工全膝关节置换术,平均随访13个月,按美国特种外科医院膝关节评分系统(HSS)进行疗效评定.结果:所有患者没有一例行翻修手术,X线显示所有置换假体植入位置满意,没有假体松动、移位现象出现.11个膝关节的术后情况比较满意.HSS评分平均指数从术前的41分提高到术后的90分.结论:人工全膝关节置换术可作为类风湿性关节炎患者保存关节功能,改善疼痛的一种有价值的治疗方法.     

膝表面置换术在类风湿性膝关节炎和骨性膝关节炎的应用和比较

目的探讨膝关节表面置换术治疗类膝关节风湿性关节炎(RA)和膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)的临床疗效、安全性差异。方法自2010-01—2012-04采用膝关节表面置换术治疗68例(84膝)膝关节疾患,按照疾病类型分为OA组和RA组,对比分析2组手术时间、术中出血量、VAS评分、切口愈合时间、HSS单项评分及总分等。结果术后68例(84膝)获得平均47个月随访,随访期间无人工膝关节假体脱位。OA组手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及VAS评分显著低于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。OA组术后1个月疼痛和HSS总分显著高于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),OA组术后1年和3年疼痛、功能、活动范围单项评分和HSS总分均显著高于RA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论OA及RA人工全膝置换术后功能均有一定改善,与OA相比,RA患者术后近中期疗效相对较差,但远期疗效差异有待进一步研究。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节类风湿性关节炎中短期疗效随访

目的：为了观察人工全膝关节置换术（ TKA）治疗膝关节类风湿性关节炎（ RA）的中短期治疗效果。方法随访2007至2011年间行TKA治疗的38例（58膝）膝关节RA患者。采用HSS评分、KSS评分、WOMAC评分、VAS视觉疼痛评分对术前及术后患者的膝关节功能进行评价、同时对术后随访影像学资料进行评价;采用SF-36量表对患者健康状况进行评价。结果所有患者均未出现感染且获得平均3.3年（2～6年）随访,膝关节功能均明显改善,患者膝关节HSS评分由术前45.92±13.49分提高到术后88.19±5.98分,两者采用配对t 检验比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＝0.00）,其中优21膝,良34膝,优良率94.83％。膝关节屈曲畸形明显改善,膝关节活动度（ROM）由术前71.81°±32.58°提高到术后100.98°±13.99°,两者比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.00）。膝关节假体X线片采用膝关节学会的X线评价与计分系统评价未见假体松动。 SF-36评分中PCS由术前的26.27±3.91分提高到术后48.09±6.65分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.00）;MCS由术前的41.59±5.61分提高到51.83±5.44分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.00）。结论 TKA是治疗膝关节RA的有效方法,可提高患者生活质量。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗骨关节病及类风湿性关节炎的疗效--109例随访疗效分析

目的：报告109例全膝关节表面置换术治疗骨关节病及类风湿性关节炎的疗效。方法：对109例全膝关节置换术的患者进行随访。并用HSS评分系统进行分析；随访11-84个月，平均34.2个月。结果：手术优良率89%。病人术后的疼痛，功能方面都有明显改善。尤其在缓解疼痛方面效果显著。但在关节活动度方面改善不明显。结论：全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重骨关节病及类风湿性关节炎效果满意，为了能够取得更好的疗效应该注重术中髌骨轨迹的纠正及病人的术前教育及术后康复指导。     

类风湿性关节炎与骨性关节炎行全膝关节置换术时失血量的探讨

目的比较类风湿性关节炎（RA）与骨性关节炎（OA）行人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）时的失血量,为制定适宜的输血方案提供参考依据。方法实施TKA的RA（30例）与OA（62例）共92个膝关节为研究对象,筛选时制定了严格的剔除方案,比较两组行TKA时总失血量。结果RA组TKA的平均失血量为（334.33±221.87）ml,OA组TKA的平均失血量为（495.97±242.83）ml。两组失血量的比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论不同膝关节疾病行TKA时失血量有差异,因而在制定输血方案时应因病制宜。     

Results of cementless total knee arthroplasty in an older rheumatoid arthritis population

Fifty-five total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) in thirty-nine adult (mean age, 62 years) patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied prospectively for a period of 1-7 years. All of the procedures were performed using cementless fixation of the tibial and femoral components. The Knee Society clinical rating system mean knee scores increased 56 points after operation (mean, 88 points), and the mean functional scores increased 28 points (mean, 64 points). Two revisions (4%) have been required, one for secondary late infection and one for failure of a cementless metal-backed patellar component. Good bone stock was retained in both, allowing for uneventful cementless revision. Forty-two arthroplasties (76%) were completely pain-free, twelve (22%) had mild, occasional discomfort with weight-bearing, and one (2%) had moderate pain at last examination. In this older rheumatoid population, cementless TKA offers good or excellent early clinical results and excellent preservation of bone stock should revision become necessary.     

15-year follow-up study of total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

In 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 36 cases of cemented Kinematic total knee arthroplasty were reviewed clinically and radiographically at 13 to 19 years after surgery. The mean age at the time of surgery was 51.6 +/- 8.9 years. According to the follow-up results evaluated with the Hospital for Special Surgery knee scoring system, 28 knees (77.7%) were classified as good or excellent. The mean flexion angle at follow-up evaluation was 99 degrees +/- 24 degrees (10 degrees -140 degrees ). At the tibial or femoral bone-cement interfaces, a radiolucent line was seen in 10 of 36 knees (27.8%) at follow-up evaluation. The survival rate of prostheses with revision as the endpoint was estimated to be 93.7% at 15 years. Kinematic total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients provided a good long-term outcome.     

人工膝关节表面置换治疗类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形的临床效果。方法选用后稳定型钴合金假体对21例类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形患者进行人工全膝关节置换术,其中单侧膝关节置换5例,双侧膝关节置换16例,手术前后对患者的膝关节功能进行评分。结果随访1~5年,术前患者平均膝评分(22.84±6.06)分,平均功能评分(12.86±16.09)分;术后2周平均膝评分(70.16±2.71)分,平均功能评分(58.10±8.14)分;术后12周随访平均膝评分(86.14±3.12)分,平均功能评分(89.05±3.01)分。结论人工全膝关节置换术能显著纠正类风湿性关节炎屈膝畸形患者膝关节的畸形,解除疼痛,改善患膝的功能。     

Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed simultaneously on both knees by two teams in a single procedure. The study population consisted of 74 patients (148 knee joints) with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The peri- and postoperative results were compared with those in a group of 22 OA and RA patients (44 knee joints) who underwent staged operation during one hospital stay. Comparisons were made of functional score and range of motion (ROM) before and after operation, mean total blood loss, operative time, duration of hospital stay, and operative and postoperative complications. The simultaneous performance of bilateral procedures did not influence the functional score, ROM after operation, or mean intra- and postoperative blood loss. Nor was incidence of operative and postoperative complications increased compared with that in the staged operation group. The operative time in the simultaneous TKA group was significantly shorter than the time that would have been required had separate procedures been performed on both knees. Simultaneous bilateral TKA is beneficial for the patient.     

Gradual low riding of the patella during postoperative course after total knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Patellar height in the lateral view of radiograms was measured on 94 knees of 61 women before and after total knee arthroplasty in order to study postoperative changes of position. The mean age of patients at surgery was 58.4 years (range, 30-77 years). Eighty-one knees were rheumatoid and 13 osteoarthritic. Inserted prostheses were Kinematic anteriorly joined type in 49 knees, Kinematic posterior cruciate retention type in 19, and UCI type in 26. The observation period ranged from 6 months to 9 years, with an average of 2.6 years after surgery. The ratio of length of the patellar ligament to that of the patella (Insall-Salvati's ratio) decreased by more than 10% of preoperative value in 61 knees, remained unchanged in 31, and increased in only 2. The average ratio was 0.93 +/- 0.16 before surgery and 0.75 +/- 0.20 at the final follow-up examination (P less than .01).     

Total knee arthroplasty using the total condylar III knee prosthesis

Twenty-seven total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were performed in 24 patients using the total condylar III knee prosthesis (TCP III) and were evaluated clinically and radiographically with a mean follow-up period of 4 years. Eighteen were revision TKAs, and nine were primary knee arthroplasties. Evaluations were made using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scale as well as the Knee Society radiographic evaluation method. Clinical results for all knees were 11% (3 of 27) excellent, 70% (19 of 27) good, 15% (4 of 27) fair, and 4% (1 of 27) poor. The one poor rating resulted from an intraoperative vascular injury. The results showed no statistical difference between revision and primary TKA. After operation, pain relief, range of motion, walking, function, and activity level improved in both the primary and revision patients. Radiolucencies 2 mm or greater in width were found in 6 of the 27 tibial components, in none of the 27 femoral components, and in 1 of the 19 patellar components. Only two tibial implants showed progressive radiolucencies. No correlation was found between the radiographic position of the implants and the clinical results. The authors conclude that the TCP III is a satisfactory choice for TKA in selected knees in which there is significant instability and in which intramedullary fixation is required.