酶联免疫吸附法和免疫印迹技术检测天疱疮抗体的比较

目的比较酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和免疫印迹技术(IBT)检测天疱疮抗体的临床应用价值。方法对23例天疱疮患者(PV13例,PF10例)及10例正常对照者行ELISA检测血清中抗桥粒芯糖蛋白(Dsg)1和Dsg3抗体滴度;并用正常包皮分离表皮后提取的蛋白为底物行IBT检测,并与ELISA方法进行比较。结果两种方法阳性率均为91.30%,两种方法对PV和PF抗体的检测差异无统计学意义(P=0.400和1.000)。结论 ELISA和IBT在天疱疮的实验室诊断中均有重要价值,ELISA方法更简便、迅速。     

天疱疮自身抗体的靶抗原研究

目的　了解天疱疮自身抗体的靶抗原及其在表皮的超微定位。方法　采用直接和间接免疫荧光 (IF)、免疫印迹 (IB)及包埋后金标记间接免疫电镜 (gold IIEM )等方法检测 2 7例天疱疮 (PV 2 2例 ,PF 5例 )血清与表皮抗原的结合情况。结果　 2 7例天疱疮直接和间接免疫荧光的阳性率分别为 10 0 %和 81.5 % ,表现为表皮细胞间有亮绿色荧光标记物呈网状分布。 2 1/ 2 2例PV血清与表皮提取物 13 0kD分子结合 ,2 / 5例PF血清与表皮提取物 160kD分子结合。对11例天疱疮 (9例PV ,2例PF)血清的间接免疫电镜研究结果显示 ,金颗粒均沉积在桥粒部位。结论　PV和PF的靶抗原分别是表皮 13 0kD和 160kD抗原 ,其超微结构均定位于桥粒。免疫印迹检查可作为鉴别PV和PF的重要辅助手段。     

抗桥粒芯蛋白抗体对天疱疮的临床诊断价值

目的研究天疱疮患者血清中抗桥粒芯蛋白(desmoglein,Dsg)1和抗Dsg3抗体水平在天疱疮的临床诊断价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定62例天疱疮患者血清中抗Dsg1和抗Dsg3抗体水平;间接免疫荧光法(IIF)测定天疱疮抗体Ig G水平。结果 62例天疱疮患者中抗Dsg1抗体或抗Dsg3抗体任一阳性共50例,阳性率80.65%,与间接免疫荧光法(IIF)相比两种方法差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。因此抗Dsg抗体具有和IIF一样的临床诊断价值。34例寻常型天疱疮(PV)中抗Dsg3抗体阳性或抗Dsg1和抗Dsg3抗体均阳的28例,阳性率82.35%;24例落叶型天疱疮(PF)中抗Dsg1抗体阳性的为20例,阳性率83.33%。可见抗Dsg3抗体是PV的鉴别诊断指标,抗Dsg1抗体是PF的鉴别诊断指标。此外,通过对治疗前后抗Dsg1抗和Dsg3抗体的滴度水平的检测发现,抗Dsg1和抗Dsg3抗体还可作为天疱疮治疗监测的指标。结论采用ELISA方法测定天疱疮患者外周血抗Dsg1抗体和抗Dsg3抗体,方法简便,对患者创伤小,有一定的诊断和鉴别诊断价值。另外,抗Dsg1抗体和抗Dsg3抗体还可作为监测天疱疮治疗效果的指标。     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清天疱疮抗体的评价

目的评价酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)用于天疱疮血清学诊断的意义。方法用ELISA法检测49例天疱疮患者和36例非天疱疮对照者血清,同时以间接免疫荧光法(IIF)检测患者血清抗桥粒芯糖蛋白(Dsg)抗体滴度,比较两者的检测结果。结果27例寻常型天疱疮(PV)、14例落叶型天疱疮(PF)和6例非天疱疮大疱性疾病患者Dsg1ELISA呈阳性,27例PV、1例PF及1例非天疱疮大疱性疾病患者Dsg3ELISA呈阳性。Dsg1ELISA的敏感性和特异性分别是81.25%和88.89%,Dsg3ELISA的敏感性和特异性分别是81.82%和97.22%。与IIF相比,两者检测结果差异有显著性(χ2=4.31,P<0.05)。结论ELISA是一种简便、敏感和特异性高的天疱疮血清学诊断方法,并能辅助鉴别PV和PF。     

用免疫荧光技术观察表皮与血清中天疱疮自身抗体

对11名落叶型(PF),8名寻常型天疱疮(PV)进行了免疫荧光法检查.全部PF与PV表皮ICS在DIF检查中均出现IgG与C₃沉积,其中84.6%患者血清中天疱疮抗体(PAb)阳性,多数滴度为1:40-1:1280,45.4%PF患者在DIF染色中其IgG主要或仅只沉积在表皮浅层ICS部位,而PV则否.著者在讨论中提出:(1)在DIF检查中表皮ICS有IgG沉积即可确诊为天疱疮;(2)若此沉积在表皮浅层之强度较深层伪强,超过一个“+”时可确定为PF;(3)在大疱性皮肤病患者血清中,若PAb滴度较高时(>1:40),可以确定为天疱疮的诊断.     

寻常型天疱疮患者及一级亲属抗体IgG亚型检测

目的观察寻常型天疱疮(pemphigus vulgaris,PV)患者和一级亲属血清中PV自身抗体(PV-IgG)亚型及其与桥粒芯糖蛋白(desmoglein,Dsg)反应性,探讨PV-IgG检测的临床意义和PV的发病机制。方法用间接免疫荧光法(indirect immunofluorescence,IIF)检测27例PV患者、40例一级亲属和20例正常对照者血清PV-IgG,并用免疫印迹法(Westernblot,WB)检测PV-IgG亚型及其与Dsg1、Dsg3反应性。结果PV患者的PV-IgG阳性率和平均抗体滴度明显高于其一级亲属者(P0.001),活动期患者的PV-IgG阳性率和平均抗体滴度也明显高于缓解期(P0.01);PV患者中PV-IgG阳性率(92.9%)明显高于一级亲属(17.5%)和正常对照组(0%)(P0.0001,0.001),PV患者中Dsg3反应性IgG4水平明显高于一级亲属(P0.01),且其在活动期病例中水平也明显高于缓解期(P0.05)。结论本病的发生与PV-IgG水平有关;Dsg3是PV的主要自身抗原;IgG4是PV的主要致病抗体。     

天疱疮和类天疱疮患者唾液与血液中自身抗体的检测

本研究应用大疱性类天疱疮(BP)和寻常型天疱疮(PV)患者口腔中的唾液进行自身抗体检测,并与其在血清中的滴度相比较,以确定这些患者唾液与血清抗体的相关性及在疾病诊断中的意义^[1-3]。     

《汉英对照医学真菌学》书讯

本研究应用大疱性类天疱疮（BP）和寻常型天疱疮（PV）患者口腔中的唾液进行自身抗体检测，并与其在血清中的滴度相比较，以确定这些患者唾液与血清抗体的相关性及在疾病诊断中的意义。     

天疱疮患者病情与抗桥粒芯蛋白抗体水平的相关性研究

目的:研究天疱疮患者血清中抗桥粒芯蛋白(desmoglein,Dsg)1和抗Dsg3抗体水平与其皮肤、口腔黏膜损害严重程度的相关性,同时对间接免疫荧光(IIF)检测的天疱疮抗体滴度与治疗中使用皮质类固醇控制剂量的相关性进行分析。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒测定55例天疱疮患者血清中抗Dsg1和抗Dsg3抗体水平。结果:抗Dsg1抗体水平与患者皮肤损害严重程度有显著相关性(P<0.01),抗Dsg3抗体水平与口腔黏膜损害严重程度有显著相关性(P<0.01)。天疱疮患者血清IIF滴度与抗Dsg1抗体水平相关(P<0.01),寻常型天疱疮患者IIF滴度与抗Dsg1和抗Dsg3抗体水平均有相关性(P分别<0.01和<0.05)。寻常型天疱疮患者皮质类固醇控制剂量与抗Dsg1抗体水平和IIF滴度显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:ELISA方法检测天疱疮患者抗Dsg1和抗Dsg3抗体对天疱疮的临床诊断、分型、衡量口腔黏膜和皮肤损害严重程度具有一定意义。     

ELISA技术检测寻常型天疱疮桥粒芯蛋白3抗体水平研究

目的:评价酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测抗桥粒芯蛋白(desmoglein,Dsg)3抗体在寻常型天疱疮(PV)诊断中的意义.方法:对来自不同中心的106例PV患者和106例对照人群血清标本编盲后,进行ELISA检测抗Dsg3自身抗体和间接免疫荧光(IIF)法检测血清天疱疮自身抗体.结果:ELISA法检测Dsg3抗体敏感度为77.4%,特异性为94.3%;IIF法检测抗体敏感度为79.2%,特异性为94.3%.两组间的差异无统计学意义.结论:ELISA方法检测Dsg3抗体对于寻常型天疱疮的诊断是一种较好的辅助方法.     

The use of two substrates to improve the sensitivity of indirect immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of pemphigus

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) comparing two substrates, normal human skin (HS) and monkey oesophagus (MO) using serum from 29 pemphigus patients classified according to the presence of serum autoantibodies to either desmoglein (Dsg) 1 or Dsg3 detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, the sensitivity of IIF was 83% on HS and 90% on MO. When data from both substrates were combined, the sensitivity increased to 100%. When sera from pemphigus foliaceus (PF) patients were studied, which contained Dsg1 antibodies only, the sensitivity of IIF was greatest on HS and titres were on average 4.8 doubling dilutions higher than on MO. In contrast, when sera containing autoantibodies only to Dsg3 from pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients was studied, the sensitivity was greatest on MO and titres were on average 4.4 doubling dilutions higher than on HS. There was a significant correlation between Dsg1 antibody levels and IIF titres on HS and between Dsg3 antibody levels and IIF titres on MO. The investigation of immunobullous disorders in the future is likely to move towards antigen-specific techniques such as the Dsg ELISAs used in this study. However, in laboratories which currently rely on IIF for detecting pemphigus autoantibodies, the data presented in this study strongly suggest that two substrates should be used for IIF screening: one rich in Dsg1, such as HS, and the other rich in Dsg3, such as MO. This combination of substrates should not only increase the sensitivity of detecting pemphigus antibodies, but will aid in the differentiation of PV from PF. It is also possible that the data might be more useful for disease monitoring.     

Comparative study of indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting for the diagnosis of autoimmune pemphigus

The diagnosis of pemphigus relies on immunopathological criteria including the detection of circulating autoantibodies to desmosomal components. In the present work we compared the usefulness of immunoblotting (IB) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) in the diagnosis of pemphigus using monkey oesophagus (MO) and rabbit lip (RL) as epithelial substrates. Among 54 sera from patients with well-documented pemphigus (40 pemphigus vulgaris, PV, and 14 pemphigus foliaceus, PF), 46 (85%) proved positive by IFF (46 on MO and 41 on RL) as compared with 44 (81.5%) positive by IB. IIF and IB were equally sensitive (90%) for the diagnosis of PV whereas IIF (on RL) was more sensitive (71%) than IB (57%) for the detection of PF autoantibodies. However, when the two techniques were considered in combination, the sensitivity of the detection of pemphigus autoantibodies rose to 94.5%. An IB study would therefore be warranted in the presence of an (alleged) pemphigus serum that was IIF-negative since approximately 10% of these were found to be positive. Furthermore, the pattern of IB reactivity may assist in classification, since the 130- and the 160-kDa antigens seem specifically correlated with PV and PF, respectively.     

Evaluation of desmoglein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Indian patients with pemphigus vulgaris

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for the detection of antibodies to desmoglein 1 (dsg1) and desmoglein 3 (dsg3) in the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), and its correlation with disease severity and clinical presentation (mucosal PV, cutaneous PV, mucocutaneous PV). METHODS: Twenty-seven active PV patients and 26 controls with other dermatologic disorders were included in the study. The severity of oral and cutaneous involvement was assessed and recorded. ELISA test for the measurement of anti-dsg1 and anti-dsg3 antibodies was performed (Medical and Biological Laboratories Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan). The cut-off ELISA value for both anti-dsg1 and anti-dsg3 was taken as 20. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients, 26 were ELISA positive for anti-dsg1 antibodies and 23 for anti-dsg3 antibodies. Of the controls, two were positive for anti-dsg1 and none for anti-dsg3 antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for anti-dsg1 in the diagnosis of PV were 96.3% and 92.3%, respectively. For anti-dsg3, they were 85.2% and 100%, respectively. The different morphologic types of PV could not be differentiated on the basis of antibody profile; however, a direct correlation between anti-dsg3 titers and the severity of oral disease was noted, and also between anti-dsg1 titers and the severity of cutaneous disease. CONCLUSIONS: ELISA (dsg1 and dsg3) is an efficient tool for confirming the diagnosis of PV. Specific antibody titers correlate with disease severity; however, desmoglein testing cannot differentiate between the various morphologic subtypes of PV.     

纯化与未纯化重组PVA表位EC1-2在检测抗PVA抗体中的比较

目的 比较纯化与未纯化重组寻常型天疱疮抗原（Pemphigus vulgaris antigen,PVA)的细胞外区（extracel-lular domian,EC)1-2表位（ECl-2）在检测抗PVA抗体中的差异，以提高检测抗PVA抗体的敏感性。方法 在构建ECl-2重组质粒的基础上进行融合蛋白的表达，并依据亲和层析的原理进行该融合蛋白的纯化。采用免疫印迹方法分别将纯化前后的ECl-2融合蛋白应用于寻常型天疱疮（PV）患者的血清学检测。结果 22例被测PV患者血清中，用纯化前ECl-2融合蛋白进行检测的阳性率为54.5%，用纯化后的融合蛋白进行检测的阳性率为77.3%。结论 以纯化后的ECl-2融合蛋白为抗原底物，其抗PVA抗体的检出率显著高于纯化前，为临床特异性诊断PV提供了新方法。     

Successful treatment of refractory childhood pemphgus vulgaris with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab)

Abstract:  Pemphigus vulgaris is an uncommon autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is particularly rare in children. Immunosuppressive treatment can be challenging. Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) has been used to treat autoimmune disorders by depletion of CD20 B cells. Successful rituximab therapy has been reported in adults with refractory pemphigus vulgaris. We present a girl with childhood pemphigus vulgaris unresponsive to treatment with azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin with systemic prednisone who responded to treatment with rituximab. She had a corresponding decline in circulating antibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3 and a decline in diphtheria and tetanus-specific antibody titers.     

ABSIS评分在寻常型天疱疮患者中的应用

目的 探讨自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病严重程度评分(ABSIS评分)在寻常型天疱疮治疗中的应用价值。方法 对本科的16例寻常型天疱疮入院时、激素减量时及出院时应用ABSIS评分法进行皮肤及黏膜严重程度评分,并同时记录患者的抗天疱疮抗体滴度。结果 入院时、糖皮质激素减量时及出院时ABSIS皮肤评分中位数分别为55,36及15.5,平均52.8,34.3和15.4,ABSIS黏膜评分中位数分别为3/16,2/8.5及0/0,平均3.3/15.8,2.1/8.3和0.6/1.1。抗天疱疮抗体滴度中位数分别为1:160,1:80及1:40,平均1:387.5,1:141.3及1:55。结论 ABSIS评分可从患者的皮损面积及质量、受累口腔黏膜数量及质量方面全面评价天疱疮患者的病情,比监测抗天疱疮抗体滴度能更灵敏的反应病情变化情况,可用于指导寻常型天疱疮患者的治疗及护理。     

Calcium enhances the sensitivity of immunofluorescence for pemphigus antibodies

Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) to detect pemphigus and pemphigoid autoantibodies is commonly performed with monkey esophagus (ME) as substrate and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a diluent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparative IF titers using human skin (HS) as substrate with variations in the buffers employed. Substrates (ME or HS) were incubated in PBS, Tris-acetate-buffered saline (TAS), TAS with 5 mM CaCl+2 (TAS-Ca+2), and PBS or TAS with 1 mM EDTA, prior to incubation with pemphigus or pemphigoid sera for indirect IF. We examined sera from 11 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), 10 patients with Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus (BPF), and 4 patients with bullous pemphigoid. In 20 of 21 pemphigus sera, endpoint indirect IF titers were highest on normal skin with TAS-Ca+2. Six sera (2 PV and 4 BPF) had endpoints that were 5 double dilutions higher than the endpoints obtained with ME and PBS. Six sera (3 PV and 3 BPF) were 4 double dilutions higher, 7 sera (3 PV and 4 BPF) were 2-3 double dilutions higher, and 2 PV sera were equivalent with both substrate/buffers. Preincubation of either tissue with EDTA prior to indirect IF abolished PV and BPF antibody binding completely. Exposure to EDTA after the tissue was incubated with PV or BPF sera did not affect indirect IF titers. In the presence of Ca+2, the antigen was resistant to trypsin in concentrations of 0.001%; however, in the absence of added Ca+2 it was destroyed by 0.0001% trypsin. These differences were not observed with bullous pemphigoid sera; all 4 sera had similar endpoint indirect IF titers. This study shows a significant increase in the sensitivity of indirect IF assays for pemphigus autoantibodies by the use of Ca+2-supplemented buffers on human skin. This finding may also have implications for procedures designed to purify and/or detect pemphigus antigens.     

The health impact of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form health survey questionnaire

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus are rare, potentially life-threatening, autoimmune disorders characterized by antibodies to epidermal adhesion molecules. Clinical characteristics are painful chronic erosions of mucous membranes and of the skin. There are only few published studies on the impact of the disease on the health status (HS) of patients with these conditions. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of disease on the HS of patients with pemphigus. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients enrolled at the Bullous Skin Diseases Unit of IDI-IRCCS in the period January-June 2006 were assessed for their HS using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire and for anxiety and depression using the Institute for Personality and Ability Testing questionnaires. RESULTS: A compromised HS on both the physical and the psychosocial scales was observed, similar to other chronic dermatological diseases such as psoriasis. Patients with anxiety had severe disease as measured by the Physician's Global Assessment and the degree of mucocutaneous involvement, as well as those with a more recent disease onset. A better HS was observed in patients whose clinical condition was rated as nonsevere, and also in patients with pemphigus foliaceus. In pemphigus vulgaris, antidesmoglein 3 antibody levels directly correlated with clinical severity and with lower SF-36 scores. CONCLUSIONS: HS evaluated with the SF-36 can be a very useful additional outcome criterion in clinical studies with pemphigus. The management of the disease must take into account its impact on various aspects of life of the patient.     

Comparison of different epithelial substrates useful for indirect immunofluorescence testing of sera from patients with active pemphigus.

A positive statistical correlation between intercellular antibody titer and disease severity was found for a group of 6 patients with active pemphigus vulgaris, irrespective of whether indirect IF testing was performed on 5 different epithelial substrates which included guinea pig esophagus, human foreskin, rabbit esophagus, monkey esophagus and monkey lip. In a group of 4 patients with pemphigus foliaceus a positive correlation between disease severity and titer was found only when rabbit esophagus was used for indirect fluorescence testing. In both groups of patients there were individual patients in whom the antibody titer was positive at a time when no disease was present and conversely, there were some patients in whom the antibody titer was negative at a time when extensive disease was present. Because of this inconsistency, the use of antibody titers to monitor disease activity and therapy in individual patients may not be justifiable.