持续灌流经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张成形术治疗冠状动脉左主干狭窄21例

冠状动脉左主干狭窄一直是单纯经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的禁忌症〔１、２〕。近年来，我们对２１例该类患者在向其左主干内持续灌注自身血液的同时行ＰＴＣＡ（ＣＰＰＴ－ＣＡ），即在不完全阻断左主干血流的前提下扩张其狭窄段。手术成功１９例，效果良好...     

PTCA术后低分子肝素早期抗凝疗效观察

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）及支架植入术后最重要的并发症是急性和亚急性血栓形成，从而导致急性血栓闭塞。因此，术后早期抗凝治疗非常重要。我们对４１例ＰＴＣＡ和支架植入术后患者分别用低分子肝素（ＬＭＷＨ）及普通肝素（ＳＨ）进行早期抗凝治疗，以探讨ＬＭＷＨ在ＰＴＣＡ及支架术后早期抗凝的作用。１　对象与方法１．１　对象１９９７年３月～１９９８年８月在本院成功地接受ＰＴＣＡ及冠状动脉内支架植入术的冠心病患者共４１例，Ａ组２０例，Ｂ组２１例；两组均除外手术过程中因技术因素造成急性血栓形成、血管闭塞、腹…     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉支架术在复杂冠脉病？…

目的：评价经皮腔冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）及冠脉内支架术治疗复杂冠状动脉病变的疗效。方法：以美国ＡＣＣ／ＡＨＡ专家组提出的冠状动脉病变Ｂ、Ｃ二型特征为复杂病变诊断标准，对３７例复杂冠脉血管病变患施行ＰＴＣＡ，其中３４例患冠脉内置入支架。结果：手术成功率为９７．４％（３６／３７），无死亡病例。达到完全血运重建２１例，部分血运重建１５例，ＰＴＣＡ未成功１例。术后症状明显减轻或缓解。结论：ＰＴ     

冠状动脉介入治疗并发急性心包填塞抢救成功三例

冠状动脉穿孔或破裂导致的心包填塞是经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）极为少见和凶险的并发症之一。截止２０００年１０月底,我院共完成ＰＴＣＡ　３０００例,其中１１例发生冠状动脉穿孔,３例于术后出现急性心包填塞,并抢救成功,现报告如下：１　　临床资料　　　　例１　　女,６４岁,阵发性心前区压榨性疼痛２０天入院。住院诊断＂冠心病,恶化劳力型心绞痛＂。冠状动脉造影：左前降支近中段弥漫性狭窄,最重处９５％狭窄;第一对角支粗大,从病变处发出,其起始及近段管状狭窄达９０％。行左前降支和对角支ＰＴＣＡ加支架,先…     

急性心肌梗塞直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的观察急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者应用直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的安全性和有效性。方法对１１４例ＡＭＩ患者在发病１２小时内行直接ＰＴＣＡ术,其中有５例心原性休克的患者。梗塞相关血管（共１１５支血管）：左主干３例（２．６％）,前降支５６例（４８．７％）,回旋支１２例（１０４％）,右冠状动脉４４例（３８．５％）。ＴＩＭＩ血流：０级８２例（７１．３％）,１级１７例（１４．７％）,２级１６例（１４．０％）。结果１１１例患者手术成功,ＴＩＭＩ血流３级（９７．４％）。住院期间死亡３例（２．６％）,均为心原性休克患者,其中２例经紧急冠状动脉旁路移植术后死亡。８５例患者置入了冠状动脉内支架（７３．９％）。随访９５例患者,２例后期死于心力衰竭,９例出院后出现心肌缺血,其中８例再次行ＰＴＣＡ术。结论直接ＰＴＣＡ是治疗急性心肌梗塞的安全有效措施,成功率较高,并发症少;术后复发心肌缺血发生率较溶栓治疗低。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后冠状动脉再狭窄的外科治疗

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后冠状动脉再狭窄的治疗方法。方法分析２５例ＰＴＣＡ术后冠状动脉再狭窄接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术（ＣＡＢＧ）患的ＰＴＣＡ前后的临床资料。ＰＴＣＡ后心绞痛症状未缓解５例,术后２天至１７个月复发心绞痛２０例,平均再狭窄发生时间ＰＴＣＡ后４．６个月。一次ＰＴＣＡ后选择ＣＡＢＧ１９例,２次４例,３次２例。除ＰＴＣＡ或支架部位处发生再狭窄外,５例狭窄以冠状动脉病     

老年人急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的治疗体会

目的评价老年人急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（直接ＰＴＣＡ）的成功率及有效性。方法４２例发病在０．５～１０ｈ的老年ＡＭＩ患者接受了直接ＰＴＣＡ,术后随访半年。结果４０例患者中的４５支梗塞相关血管（ＩＲＡ）获得再通,成功率达９５．２％（４０／４２）,均达到ＴＩＭＩ－３级血流灌注,再通血管残余狭窄０％～２０％。５例合并左心功能不全（Ｋｉｌｉｐ分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级）及３例合并心源性休克患者术后症状明显改善,住院期间１例死亡（病死率２．５％）。术后随访半年,６例直接ＰＴＣＡ成功患者（１５．０％）心绞痛复发,再次ＰＴＣＡ后血管再通。结论直接ＰＴＣＡ治疗老年人ＡＭＩ成功率高,病死率低,近期预后良好,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

应用小C臂X光机行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(附134例报告)

目的探讨应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机（ＯＥＣ）行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和冠状动脉内支架植入术的可行性。方法１３４例冠心病患者造影显示冠状动脉狭窄程度均≥７５％,采用美国ＯＥＣ９６００型小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果１３４例冠心病患者共２０４处病变成功地完成了ＰＴＣＡ,其中９２例置入了１０６枚冠脉内支架,６例因多支冠脉病变分别置入２～３枚支架,术后冠脉造影显示管腔扩张满意,无残余狭窄。全部病例术后心绞痛症状较术前明显减轻或消失。除１例在支架置入术后发生急性血栓形成和３例出现术后穿刺部血肿外,无其它并发症发生。结论对冠心病患者应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架置入术可能是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

持续灌流法经皮冠状动脉球囊成形术治疗老年人心肌梗塞的临床价值

对比分析了老年急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者行持续灌流法冠状动脉球囊成形术（ＣＰＰＴＣＡ）２０例（３６支）和常规冠状动脉球囊成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）１８例（２４支）的疗效。两组患者术前冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度及左心室功能相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。与ＰＴＣＡ组比较，ＣＰＰＴＣＡ对术中阻断血流的心肌有重要保护作用，且术中并发症少（０比３８．９％，Ｐ＜０．０１），残余狭窄轻（１２％±８％比２８％±１８％，Ｐ＜０．０５），再狭窄率（０比２２％，Ｐ＜０．０５），再梗塞率（５％比３３％，Ｐ＜０．０５）及病死率（０比２２％，Ｐ＜０．０５）低。     

血管内支架在冠状动脉复杂病变成形术中的临床作用

本文报道了３１例冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变在经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）并发急性血管内闭塞、内膜严重撕裂、术后显著残留狭窄及短期内再狭窄等的情况下行冠状动脉内支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ）,均获成功。术后急性血管闭塞和内膜撕裂征象消失,残留狭窄及再狭窄解除,未出现出血和穿刺部位血管并发症及ＣＡＳＩ后亚急性血栓形成。随访２６例,１例术后１３天发生猝死,２例因胸痛复发经造影证实支架血管再狭窄,再次球囊扩张后再狭窄改善,余２３例冠状动脉造影示支架血管正常。结果表明,冠心病复杂冠状动脉病变行ＣＡＳＩ是解除ＰＴＣＡ急性并发症的安全有效的可行方法,亦有助于ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄的防治。     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

Iatrogenic coronary artery stenosis following coronary stenting

We present 6-month follow-up of 435 patients undergoing stent deployment. Forty-four patients were referred because of myocardial ischemia related to the stented artery. In six of these patients (14%), the stented vessel revealed a new proximal lesion separated from the stented portion, which warranted further intervention. It is felt that these new lesions are related to the stenting technique as a result of local trauma induced from the guiding catheter. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:393–397, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

小冠状动脉狭窄性病变的介入治疗

目的 :探讨小冠状动脉 （直径 <3 mm）狭窄性病变实施普通球囊、切割球囊或小支架介入治疗的疗效和并发症。方法 :小冠脉狭窄性病变介入治疗 （PCI）患者 13 6（男 87,女 49）例 ,年龄 3 2～ 85（54± 17）岁。根据手术方法分为普通球囊组、切割球囊组和小支架组。残余狭窄率 <3 0 %且无动脉夹层、撕裂等并发症者为手术成功 ,术后 6个月复查冠脉造影。结果 :普通球囊组 3 2例 ,手术成功 2 6例 （81% ） ,出现动脉夹层或扩张不满意改支架术 6例 （2 4% ）。切割球囊组 48例 ,手术成功 43例 （90 % ） ,出现动脉夹层或扩张不满意改支架术 3例 ,出现造影剂血管外漏 2例。支架组 56例 ,手术成功 53例 （95% ） ,出现造影剂血管外漏 2例 ,出现心包填塞抢救成功 1例。3组均未出现血管急性闭塞。术后 6个月 ,切割球囊组、小支架组、普通球囊组冠脉造影狭窄率分别为 2 3 % （11例 ）、16% （9例 ）、3 8% （12例 ）。结论 :小冠脉狭窄性病变实施介入治疗能取得显著效果 ,小支架术优于普通球囊扩张术 ,切割球囊扩张与普通球囊扩张具有近似疗效     

Complex coronary angioplasty: Multiple coronary dilatations

Selected patients underwent PTCA of multiple stenoses in different vessels or in the same vessel. Three hundred nine patients underwent 685 PTCA procedures in various combinations of arterial and vein graft stenoses. A multiple dilatation procedure was defined as successful when all lesions attempted were successfully dilated, or when the considered-critical-stenosis was successfully dilated and this resulted in a patient clinical improvement. Angiographic success was achieved in 599 of 685 lesions attempted (87.4%) and in 285 of 309 patients (92.2%). Complications included a mortality rate of 1.0%, an MI rate of 4.2% per patient and 1.9% per lesion attempted, and a 3.6% incidence of emergency CABG. Follow-up data show that 58 patients (20.4%) had clinical evidence of a lesion recurrence, and that 92.5% (37 of 40 patients) who underwent repeat angioplasty had a successful procedure. A sustained clinical improvement was obtained in 264 of 309 patients (85.4%). The data indicate that multiple dilatations are feasible with good success rates and acceptable complication rates. Further evaluation of this extended application of PTCA is needed to clearly establish its role in the therapy of CAD.     

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, coronary heart disease and sudden coronary death

Correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis and sudden cardiac death was examined in 721 autopsied cases. Severe coronary atherosclerosis with stenosis was found in most of them; however a similar grade of atherosclerosis was discovered in patients with ischaemic heart disease not dying suddenly. Acute coronary thrombosis in the studied subjects was diagnosed post mortem in about 20 percent of those who died suddenly. Other studies indicate frequencies between 4-93%. There was no consistent time dependence.     

冠状动脉造影后即刻PTCA与择期PTCA的比较

目的　研究冠状动脉造影后即刻冠状动脉成形术的成功率及并发症率进而探讨其临床应用价值。方法　对冠状动脉造影后即刻冠脉成形术及靶病变特点与其相似的择期冠脉成形术各７０ 例进行对比分析。结果　Ａ 和Ｂ型病变的成功率和并发症率两组间差异无显著性,Ｃ型病变的成功率即刻组低于择期组（５７．１４％ 对９２．８６％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０５）而并发症率高于择期组（５７．１４％ 对１４．２９％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,闭塞性病变的成功率及并发症率两组间差异无显著性。结论　Ｃ型病变不宜于造影后即刻行冠脉成形术。闭塞性病变可于造影后即刻试行冠脉成形以避免次全闭塞进展为完全闭塞后才进行手术。造影后即刻冠脉成形有一定的临床应用价值     

Percutaneous coronary intervention of bifurcation coronary disease

Bifurcation coronary artery disease is a frequent problem faced by interventional cardiologists and it affects approximately 15-20% of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) technology to prevent restenosis after PCI represents one of the success stories in cardiology, but DES have not resolved the bifurcation PCI challenge. Bifurcation PCI remains associated with higher procedural failure and worse outcomes compared with PCI of non-bifurcated lesions even in DES era. A dependable strategy for PCI of bifurcation lesions has yet to be established, which is likely due to the paucity of studies evaluating the anatomical intricacies of the bifurcation as well as the lack of large scale randomized therapeutic trials. Further, bifurcation has many anatomical variants and it is unlike that one technique will fit all. Currently, we are left with the option of a tailor-made strategy for each patient and bifurcation anatomy and make the most of the limited evidence available to support our therapeutic decisions. In this review, we attempted to describe the current understanding of bifurcation anatomy and corresponding PCI strategies.