骨折端分离对骨折愈合的影响

骨折端分离对骨折愈合的影响河南洛阳正骨研究所（４７１００２）孙维琰，段更庚笔者对１５０例股骨干骨折患者的临床观察，对骨折端分离与骨折愈合的影响进行了探讨，现报告如下。观察方法选择１８～６５岁创伤性新鲜闭合股骨干骨折１５０例，患者一般情况良好，无其他严...     

分期微创治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折

目的 介绍胫腓骨开放性骨折的分期微创治疗经验。方法采用急性期临时使用石膏、跟骨牵引或外固定支架，待伤口稳定后采用微创技术，应用非扩髓交锁髓内钉或经皮插入钢板技术治疗胫腓骨开放粉碎性骨折72例。Gustil0分类Ⅰ度22例、Ⅱ度39例、ⅢA度11例。近端9例、中段4l例、远端22例。结果72例患者均得到随访，伤口愈合情况良好，骨折无延迟愈合、畸形愈合，平均临床愈合时间为15周。根据Johner-Wruhs评分优良率89％。结论胫腓骨开放骨折可采用分阶段治疗，早期以软组织处理为主，二期以骨折微创内固定、关节功能锻炼为主。     

联合固定治疗胫腓骨下段骨折

20 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年 1月 ,我院采用May胫骨远端腓侧钢板及克氏针或AO 1/ 3管状钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨下段骨折18例 ,疗效满意。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 18例 ,男 13例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 17～ 4 8岁。分型 :横断型 2例 ,螺旋长斜型 5例 ,粉碎型 11例 ;Pilon骨折 3例 ,开放性骨折 5例 ,按Gustilo开放性骨折分型 :Ⅰ型 2例 ,Ⅱ型 2例 ,ⅢA 型 1例。合并小腿内侧软组织损伤12例。合并其它部位骨折 4例 ,双下肢胫腓骨下段骨折 2例 ,术前并发小腿骨筋膜室综合征 3例。受伤至手术时间 3h～ 17d ,平均 6 5d。受伤原因 :车祸伤12例 ,砸伤 4…     

不同方法治疗胫骨干骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨适合胫骨干骨折的手术治疗方法及并发症的预防措施。方法 回顾性分析手术治疗胫骨干骨折患者67例，根据选择手术方式不同，将患者分为交锁髓内钉、加压钢板组和外固定支架3组，临床观察结合x线片评价骨折愈合、延迟愈合、不愈合作为判断临床疗效标准。结果 髓内钉组的骨折愈合率明显高于加压钢板组和外固定支架组，外固定组的骨折延迟愈合率高于其他两组；并发症包括骨不连、关节僵硬及畸形愈合，发生率为22.4％，其中骨不连发生率为13.4％。结论 髓内钉内固定治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效优于加压钢板和外固定支架；骨不连为胫骨骨折常见并发症，应严格掌握手术适应证、规范手术操作。     

氟脲嘧啶治疗损伤性滑囊炎

笔者近年来对10例膝关节滑囊炎患者进行了氟脲嘧啶治疗,效果十分满意。     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.     

颈椎旋转、半失稳在椎动脉型、交感型、神经根型颈椎病间的相关研究

目的:探讨椎动脉型颈椎病、交感型颈椎病、神经根型颈椎病之间颈椎旋转、半失稳的关系。方法:本组112例,其中椎动脉型38型、交感型36例、神经根型38例,应用图像存档和传输系统(picture archiving and communication systems,PACS)在X线正位片上测量患者每个颈椎椎体的旋转度和在侧位片上测量椎体半失稳的位移距离。结果:在C6旋转度上,椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病均与神经根型颈椎病有统计学差异(P<0·01),椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病间的C2旋转度有统计学差异(P<0·05),椎动脉型颈椎病和神经根型颈椎病间的C4旋转度有统计学差异(P<0·05)。在椎体半失稳的位移距离和椎体半失稳率上,椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病均与神经根型颈椎病有统计学差异(P<0·01)。结论:在椎动脉型颈椎病和交感型颈椎病中椎体半失稳和颈椎旋转是它们发病的一个重要因素,而在神经根型颈椎病中不是发病的重要因素。     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

Adjacent vertebral fractures after percutaneous vertebral augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a comparison of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty

Introduction  

It is still controversial whether adjacent level compression fractures after balloon kyphoplasty (BK) and vertebroplasty (VP) should be regarded as the consequence of stiffness achieved by augmentation with bone cement or if the adjacent level fractures are simply the result of the natural progression of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjacent level fracture risk after BK as compared with VP and to determine the possible dominant risk factor associated with new compression fractures.     

骨质疏松症与脊柱骨折

骨折为骨质疏松最为严重的并发症，骨质疏松性脊柱骨折既是发生再骨折的高危因素，又是预测再次骨折发生的最重要指标。脊柱骨折作为再次骨折的高危因素，它反映了患者骨结构的退变和骨强度(BMD)的下降。预测再次骨折发生的危险性时，结合骨密度降低和有无脊柱骨折，将更有价值。通过X线片可以对脊柱骨折进行评估和分级，Genant半定量法对脊椎骨折进行评估，不需测量椎体高度，较为简便、实用。在药物疗效的评估上，只有将BMD和脊柱骨折结合起来，结果才更为客观、准确。既能增加骨密度又能减少脊椎骨折发生的药物是最为理想的药物。     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

骨水泥椎体强化与保守治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折再骨折风险的Meta分析

目的 :对目前已发表的关于骨水泥椎体强化[包括经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和椎体后凸成形术(PKP)]与保守治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)的随机对照试验进行系统性评价,探讨椎体强化术后再发椎体骨折风险,为临床医疗和科研提供统计学依据。方法:通过计算机全面检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆、EMBASE数据库,收集由建库至2018年4月发表的关于骨水泥椎体强化与保守治疗OVCF安全性和再发骨折的临床随机对照研究(randomized controlled trials,RCT)文献;遵循Cochrane协作网系统评价方法价纳入文献质量和可靠性,提取患者骨折椎体数、骨折平面、椎体压缩程度、骨密度以及再发椎体骨折相关数据;通过Review man 5.3软件行Meta分析,采用固定效应模型或随机效应模型合并数据,计算相对危险度(relative risk,RR)/标准化均数差(standardized mean difference,SMD)值和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI),采用漏斗图对发表偏倚进行评估。结果:共纳入9篇文献,样本总量为853例,其中437例行椎体强化手术,416例接受保守治疗。2篇为高质量文献,5篇为中等质量文献,2篇为低质量文献。Meta分析结果显示:与保守治疗相比,骨水泥椎体强化术后患者再发椎体骨折的发生率[RR=1.13,95%CI(0.85,1.49),P=0.41]及相邻椎体再骨折发生率[RR=0.93,95%CI(0.48,1.82),P=0.84]均无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:骨水泥椎体强化术是治疗OVCF的有效方法,不会增加再发椎体骨折的风险,再发椎体骨折可能同骨质疏松症的自然进程相关。     

经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折及椎体肿瘤

经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)是近年来广泛应用于骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折和椎体肿瘤的脊柱微创技术。2008年1月～2012年3月,笔者应用PKP治疗胸腰椎骨折28例、椎体肿瘤6例,取得满意疗效。1材料与方法     

连续性椎弓峡部截骨椎管重建术的临床应用

目的　探讨以连续性椎弓峡部截骨法显露椎管后原位回植重建椎管的可行性和实用意义。方法　解剖实验与临床研究相结合 ,对连续性椎弓峡部截骨椎管重建的方法进行深入探讨 ,并对临床应用病例进行密切的追踪随访。结果　临床应用 32例 ,随访 2 9例。患者除了相应的临床症状消失外 ,截骨断端均达到较好融合。结论　连续性椎弓峡部截骨椎管成形术显露充分 ,减压彻底 ,能够解除椎管内大部分疾患 ,截骨断端愈合后可恢复脊柱稳定性。