基于新冠肺炎应急状态下快速营养诊疗流程的建立

目的 根据新冠肺炎应急和防护要求,因地制宜建立优化的营养诊疗流程。方法 根据新冠肺炎疫情爆发和防护要求,在四川和湖北参与新冠肺炎临床营养救治工作中,组建多学科团队,对传统临床营养诊疗流程的步骤进行优化改进,建立适合当时实际情况的临床营养诊疗方案。结果 在新冠肺炎流行期间,完成了对509余名患者营养风险筛查,180名患者的营养状况评价,73名患者的个体化肠内或/和肠外营养支持,以及94名患者接受治疗饮食,顺利完成救治任务。结论 在新冠肺炎临床营养救治过程中,改进优化的临床营养诊疗流程能有效保障新冠肺炎的临床营养救治。     

入境新冠肺炎可疑症状人员定点医院的疫情防控管理

目的 通过分析我院入境新冠肺炎可疑症状人员的临床特点,探讨定点医院防控管理经验,为应对入境新冠肺炎疫情等公共卫生事件方面提供参考。方法 选取我院2 361例入境新冠肺炎可疑症状人员为研究对象,回顾性调查分析其一般情况,筛查结果及留观时间。结合特点从医疗队管理、应急物资管理、入境管理、筛查方案、救治分区管理五方面探讨其防控管理经验。结果 ①入境新冠肺炎可疑症状人员平均年龄31. 44±13. 84岁,中青年为主;学生占比41. 04%,职员占比22. 53%;中国籍占比95. 48%。②筛查后确诊病例占比5. 25%,无症状感染者占比4. 62%,未发生漏筛问题;新冠肺炎排除患者留观时间集中在2至5天,占新冠肺炎排除患者留观时间的65. 93%。结论 入境新冠肺炎可疑症状人员有其临床特点,我院采取的防控管理策略有效防止新冠肺炎境外输入。     

普通病房住院患者新型冠状病毒肺炎防控策略

新型冠状病毒容易引发医院感染,形成病房聚集性案例,给医疗机构带来灾难性后果。为快速识别住院病房中的新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)患者,医疗机构应培训各级医务人员掌握新型冠状病毒相关知识,做好病房场所、诊疗技术和防护物质的准备,修订住院患者新冠肺炎的筛查流程,从而达到防范医院感染新冠肺炎的目的。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的随访与管理

面对一场突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情,中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心在积极做好新冠肺炎患者收容、治疗的同时,不断探索研究患者出院管理模式,抽调骨干人员成立专门的新冠肺炎患者出院管理组,做好出院前的管理工作,定期电话跟踪随访患者病情,有序安排新冠肺炎患者复诊,实现了新冠肺炎患者院中、院后的全流程医疗服务,有力的保障了新冠肺炎患者的身体康复,为各医疗机构该类患者的出院流程管理提供借鉴。     

广州市新型冠状病毒肺炎病例主动筛查的成本效果评价

目的 分析广州市新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)病例主动筛查方案的成本效果,为现阶段疫情高发国家入境人员筛查方案的选择提供科学依据.方法 收集广州市新冠肺炎病例主动筛查资料,分析不同筛查方案的筛查效果和成本效果.结果 截至2020年3月8日,广州市通过集中或居家医学观察、医疗机构筛查、密切接触者管理、交通工具排查发现194...     

新冠肺炎疑似病例集中收治医院的改建与管理

目的：探索新冠疫情下,对作为某三级甲等综合医院临时分院,收治新冠肺炎疑似病例的乡镇卫生院的改建与管理。方法：由指定某三级甲等综合医院派出的医疗、护理及院感组成的管理团队对其进行直接管理,通过改造布局流程、规范运行模式、健全制度建设、合理人员配置、严格质量控制,有效落实新冠肺炎的防控措施,防止疫情扩散。结果：新冠肺炎疑似病例集中收治医院共收治新冠疑似患者91例,其中住院患者71例,留观患者20例,6例核酸检测阳性患者安全转运至定点收治医院治疗,所有患者（包含转出的6名）均康复出院居家隔离观察。结论：规范改建后的新冠肺炎疑似病例集中收治医院,成功收治甄别了近百名疑似患者,有效地落实疫情防控措施,提高了突发公共卫生事件的应对能力;同时还培养了一批专业管理及医护人员。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的多层螺旋CT影像学特点及诊断价值

目的:研究新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)的多层螺旋CT影像学特点及诊断价值。方法:选取2020年2-3月武汉火神山医院接收的600例经核酸检测确诊的新冠肺炎患者为研究对象,其中普通型483例、重型98例、危重型19例。对所有患者均行多层螺旋CT检查。比较多层螺旋CT和核酸检测的新冠肺炎检出率,分析多层螺旋CT检查下新冠肺炎患者累及肺叶情况与病灶特点,并根据临床分型及影像学特点重新分型。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析。结果:新冠肺炎的多层螺旋CT检出率为99.50%(597/600),与核酸检测相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经多层螺旋CT检查,597例患者中普通型480例、重型98例、危重型19例,而且相较于轻型患者,重型与危重型患者的肺部感染面积更大。新冠肺炎患者的病灶特点主要为单纯磨玻璃密度影(61.47%)。结论:对于新冠肺炎患者,可积极应用多层螺旋CT检查,明确患者的肺部感染情况,从而为临床治疗提供可靠的依据。     

7例原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓的手术治疗

原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓引起梗阻性黄疸较少见．以往此类患者被认为已属晚期，多持消极态度或放弃手术治疗。我院肝胆外科1994-01-2002-01对7例原发性肝癌合并胆管癌栓进行肝癌切除加胆管癌栓清除．改善患者的症状．延长患者的生存期，现报告如下。     

支援新冠肺炎患者定点收治医院的实践与思考

文章总结了同济大学附属第十人民医院支援新冠肺炎患者定点收治医院的救治工作经验。即根据所支援的病区新冠肺炎患者状况，合理分配医师、护士、药师三方人力资源，明确各自岗位责任，在分工合作基础上，不断优化工作流程，并始终贯彻院感理念。文章认为对新冠肺炎重症患者治疗是支援救治工作的重点与难点，需同时采取多学科协作和心理干预方式，而持续强化重症医学学科的发展是今后应对重大公共卫生事件的重要策略。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间孕妇心理状态的调查分析

目的：调查分析新冠肺炎流行期间孕妇心理状态,为采取心理干预提供依据。方法：选取2020年1月31日-2020年2月25日在镇江市妇幼保健就诊的孕妇122人为研究对象。使用一般情况调查表、自编新冠肺炎期间孕妇行为调查表、抑郁和焦虑和自评量表,对孕妇进行问卷调查,运用单因素分析、Logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果：孕妇焦虑筛查总阳性率为9.83％,抑郁筛查总阳性率为40.16％。单因素分析新冠肺炎疫情与孕妇抑郁相关（P＜0.05）。以抑郁筛查阳性为因变量进行Logistic回归分析,与体温测量的频率及新冠知识的知晓度相关（P＜0.05）。结论：新冠肺炎疫情期间,孕妇出现不同程度的抑郁及焦虑心理,与孕妇关注疫情程度相关,且不同程度焦虑和抑郁情绪的影响因素不完全相同,应针对性地对孕妇进行心理干预,减少孕妇不良心理。     

医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展,环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种,用途广泛,但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素 ,分别从激素调节、细胞因子 (VEGF、TNF α、BFGF、IFN γ、IGF)、C myc、Fas、SGP 2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述 ,认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制 ,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。     

Intake of dietary phytoestrogen and indices of antioxidant and bone metabolism of pre- and post-menopausal Korean women

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and α- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.     

Reliability and validity of indices of hand-grip strength and endurance

Background/aim: Grip strength is useful in clinical practice for the assessment of disease and/or rehabilitation progression. Brief maximal gripping is seldom required in everyday occupations, with repeated or sustained gripping at sub‐maximal power more commonly involved. It has been proposed that assessment of both maximal hand‐grip force and endurance is utilised. While the suitability of maximal contraction measures has been clearly established, the reliability and validity of other hand‐grip indices have not been investigated. This study examined the reliability of various hand‐grip indices and their validity in relation to distance walked during the six‐minute walk test, a standardised exercise capacity test. Methods: Subjects undertook static sub‐maximal (50%) and maximal force contraction hand‐grip testing from which various indices were derived, and six‐minute walk testing from which distance walked was determined. Testing was repeated on three separate occasions for determination of test–retest reliability. Results: Pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction measurements demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and validity. Conversely, other hand‐grip indices were shown to be unreliable and exhibited no relationship with distance walked and hence concurrent validity could not be established. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction may be utilised for the assessment of client ability and progression due to their established validity and test–retest reliability. However, previously proposed measures of fatigue such as endurance (duration of sustained contraction), Strength Decrement Index and work performed (function of endurance and force of contraction) are unreliable and invalid and may have limited use in clinical practice.     

疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置及缺口研究

目的明确2002～2005年疾病预防控制机构设备资产配置变化情况。方法全国系统抽样调查省市县各级疾病预防控制机构的各类设备配置种类和数量,计算设备资产,和标准比较得到缺口。结果疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置明显增加,但缺口仍然很大,就A类设备缺口达到50·2亿。     

依布哂啉纯度、杂质检测及安全性实验

目的 检测合成的依布哂啉(Ebselen Ebs)的纯度、杂质并进行急性毒性实验。方法 Ebs测定采用自建立的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)，杂质(苯胺)采用比色法，急性毒性试验采用成年大鼠1次性灌胃，观察24h内死亡率。结果 Ebs纯度为99.95％～99．99％，苯胺含量为0．00017％～0．00019％，大鼠1次经口的LD50为2355．05mg／kg。结论 Ebs质量可靠，安全性高，可供开发研究。     

Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates

The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.