微创切口与胸骨正中切口主动脉瓣置换术对比：倾向性评分匹配研究

目的 对比研究微创切口与胸骨正中切口主动脉瓣置换术的术后早期临床效果与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年8月解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管外科完成的308例单纯首次主动脉瓣置换术患者的临床资料,其中微创切口（右胸肋间切口或胸骨上段切口）60例（微创组）,常规胸骨正中切口248例（常规组）。利用倾向性评分匹配方法对两组患者的临床资料进行对比分析。结果 常规组患者术后早期死亡1例,二次开胸探查止血2例。倾向性评分匹配后,60对患者纳入分析,两组患者术前基线资料差异无统计学意义。微创组患者手术时间、CPB时间和主动脉阻断时间均大于常规组（分别为233.00±36.34min vs 215.42±35.57min,106.27±27.64min vs 89.13±22.89min,84.35±23.02min vs 69.08±21.37min）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。微创组术后ICU停留时间小于常规组[2（2-3）天vs 3（2-4）天],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。微创组术后当天引流量小于常规组[360（230-520）ml vs 495（360-665）ml],差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。微创组新发房颤率低于常规组（10% vs 30%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.006）。结论 与常规胸骨正中切口相比,微创切口可安全有效的应用于主动脉瓣置换术,并且术后引流量更少、新发房颤率更低、美容效果更好。     

右胸前外侧小切口微创主动脉瓣置换的倾向评分匹配研究

目的：总结右胸前外侧小切口微创主动脉瓣置换的技术和结果。 方法：回顾性研究我院2010年1月至2017年6月单纯主动脉瓣置换患者资料,分为微创组（N=65）和常规组（正中开胸,N=182）,胸骨上段小切口患者予以排除。微创组采用股动静脉插管建立体外循环,右侧第三肋间胸骨旁小切口,直视下置换主动脉瓣。采用Logistic模型对患者的性别、年龄、体重指数、主动脉瓣病变类别、心脏射血分数、心功能等级进行倾向评分匹配 （Propensity score matching）,匹配比例1:1,研究微创主动脉瓣置换技术的对临床结局的影响。 结果：全组患者3例死亡,均为常规组病人（3/182,1.6%）,微创组无中转开胸、无二次手术。进行倾向评分匹配后得出新的常规对照组（N=65）,术前资料与微创组无差异;与该组相比,微创组体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间显著延长（103.6±37.2 vs 88.3±27.2 min, P=0.01; 68.3±18.6 vs 48.8±18.9 min, P<0.01）;微创组术后ICU停留1.9±0.4天,住院8.4±1.8天,均显著低于常规组（2.4±0.9天,10.6±3.2天,P<0.01）;微创组术后第一天引流量较少（281±53 vs 432±88ml,P<0.01）。两组间死亡率、深部切口感染率及输血率无显著差异（0 vs 1.5%, P=0.32; 0 vs 3.1%, P=0.15; 23.1% vs 35.4%, P=0.13）。 结论：经右胸前外侧小切口微创主动脉瓣置换技术安全可行。该技术尽管增加体外循环时间和主动脉阻断时间,但可减少引流,加速术后康复。     

24例微创主动脉瓣置换术临床分析

目的:探讨采用PORT ACCESS技术,进行微创主动脉瓣置换手术的安全性。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年6月至2012年5月期间,24例微创主动脉瓣替换术患者的临床资料,并与48例传统正中开胸主动脉瓣置换患者资料作对比性研究。结果:微创组虽然在平均体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间[(124±39)vs.(102±34)min;(97±33)vs.(83±24)min]较传统正中开胸组长,两组患者在手术时间差异无统计学意义。微创组在减少手术输血量、平均住ICU时间、平均住院时间[(8 vs.38)mL;(1.2±0.6)vs.(2.5±1.7)d;(11.1±4.3)vs.(19.7±7.8)d]上优于传统正中开胸组。结论:微创主动脉瓣置术换创伤小、术中输血少、术后恢复快,是治疗主动脉瓣疾病安全选择。     

不同微创小切口与胸骨正中切口治疗儿童先天性室间隔缺损的临床对比研究

目的 本项研究通过对比右胸前外侧切口、胸骨下段小切口与胸骨正中切口治疗先天性室间隔缺损,探讨和评价两种手术路径的优劣,以期进一步提高临床治疗效果。 方法 回顾性分析2015年3月至2016年12月间,我院共198例患者行先天性室间隔缺损修补术,根据手术方式不同分为三组：胸骨下段小切口组（lower mini-sternotomy LMS Group, n=66), 右胸前外侧切口（right lateral thoracotomy RLT Group, n=59), 以及胸骨正中切口（standard median sternotomy SMS Group, n=73）。所有患者均常规建立体外循环,收集术前一般临床资料,及术中体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间及ICU停留时间等临床资料。 结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,无死亡及二次开胸止血。微创切口手术患者均顺利完成手术,术中无中转为正中开胸手术治疗;LMS 组、RLT组及正中开胸组患者体外循环时间分别为：37.73±11.46mins, 41.3±13.97mins,36.99±10.84mins,三组间比较无明显统计学意义(p=0.078); 主动脉阻断时间分别为:23.85±9.78mins, 22.54±9.08mins,19.23±6.92mins,三组间比较有明显的统计学意义(p=0.009). 与LMS组及RLT组患者相比较,SMS组患者的切口最长,约7.45±1.54cm,而 LMS 组患者为 5.58±0.8cm,RLT组, 5.96±1.48cm,三组间比较有明显的统计学意义 (p<0.001)。 结论：右胸前外侧切口、胸骨下段小切口行先天性室间隔缺损修补术疗效确切,安全性好,更为美观,在一定条件下可替代胸骨正中切口方式     

胸骨正中小切口与肋间侧切口瓣膜手术围术期的对比分析

目的:比较胸骨正中小切口与肋间侧切口瓣膜手术患者围术期的差异。方法:选取2016年1月至2018年8月,本中心行小切口瓣膜手术的患者。其中胸骨正中小切口患者共36例,平均年龄(45. 86±14. 83)岁,男性21例(58. 3%),主动脉瓣21例,二尖瓣15例。肋间侧切口患者54例,平均年龄(56. 77±14. 83)岁,男性31例(57. 4%),主动脉瓣30,二尖瓣24例。采用倾向性评分匹配出36对患者。结果:住院期1例患者侧切口主动脉瓣手术因主动脉根部出血死亡,但两组患者住院期间并发症发生率及死亡率差异无统计学意义。正中小切口组患者在手术阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机使用时间、ICU时间显著短于侧切口组患者。术后住院时间及输血量无明显差异。结论:与肋间侧切口微创瓣膜手术相比,正中胸骨小切口患者有更好的受益,外科医生更容易掌握。     

体外循环下直视微创与传统正中开胸的房间隔缺损手术治疗的对比:倾向性评分匹配研究

目的:通过倾向性评分,对比匹配法均衡评价直视微创与传统正中开胸体外循环房间隔缺损手术治疗的效果。方法:选取2005年6月至2013年3月,在北京安贞医院行单一体外循环下房间隔缺损修补手术的291例患者,其中48例(16.5%)为直视微创下手术患者,其余242例(83.5%)为传统正中开胸方式。根据倾向性评分匹配方法,在242例患者中选取48例成为对照组,与微创组进行对比研究。结果:经倾向性评分匹配后,相对于传统正中开胸房间隔修补手术,直视微创组在手术时间[(3.5±0.7)vs.(3.7±1.8)小时,P=0.547],体外循环时间[(73.0±30.0)vs.(87.3±36.1)分钟,P=0.126],主动脉阻断时间[34.1(15.3,45.9)vs.34.9(16.1,48.2)分钟,P=0.200],驻重症监护室(ICU)时间[15.6(5.9,18.8)vs.21.7(8.6,25.8)小时,P=0.153]等方面差异无统计学意义,而在手术后住院时间[(5.54±2.3)vs.(8.85±2.06)天,P=0.021],术后引流量[457(110,673)vs.801(389,1 173)m L,P=0.011,输血率[18.8%vs.87.5%,P=0.000],手术切口长度等方面差异有统计学意义。结论:在跨越了学习曲线后,直视微创房间隔缺损修补手术比传统正中开胸手术有诸多优势,是安全,有效,易于推广的手术方式。     

胸骨下端小切口微创手术治疗先天性心脏病的效果

目的 探讨胸骨下端小切口微创手术治疗先天性心脏病的效果。方法 回顾性选取2016年8月至2021年3月于贵州省人民医院行手术治疗的先天性心脏病患者332例为研究对象。根据手术方法将患者分为胸骨下端小切口微创手术组和传统开胸手术组,各166例。比较两组基线资料、手术相关指标(手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后引流量)、呼吸机使用时间、ICU停留时间、安全性指标(术后并发症发生情况)、预后指标(非计划再次手术情况、围术期死亡情况)。结果 胸骨下端小切口微创手术组年龄小于传统开胸手术组,体质量、肺静脉异位引流(APVC)发生率高于传统开胸手术组(P<0.05)。胸骨下端小切口微创手术组手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、呼吸机使用时间、ICU停留时间短于传统开胸手术组,术后引流量小于传统开胸手术组(P<0.05)。胸骨下端小切口微创手术组术后并发症发生率低于传统开胸手术组(P<0.05)。两组无一例患者进行非计划再次手术及发生围术期死亡。结论 胸骨下端小切口微创手术可有效缩短先天性心脏病患者的手术时间及ICU停留时间,促进患者康复,虽然其操作难度稍大,但术者完...     

食道超声引导下婴儿膜周部室间隔缺损经胸微创封堵治疗及中长期随访

目的 评价食道超声引导下经胸微创封堵术在婴儿室间隔缺损(VSD)治疗效果及中长期随访结果。方法：回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年10月期间,我科1岁以下26例先天性心脏病室间隔缺损婴儿行食道超声引导下小切口VSD经胸封堵手术的临床资料。结果 26例患儿中,25例患者封堵成功,一例术中置入封堵器后出现主动脉瓣轻度返流而转外科修补手术,封堵成功率为96.15%,全组患者手术顺利,术后痊愈出院,无死亡,与同期行体外循环下直视VSD修补手术的1岁以下39例患儿对比,手术时间（81.50±13.53 vs 129.62±29.23min）、术后呼吸机辅助时间（294.55±102.94 vs 655.41±370.37min）、术后引流量（59.12±20.10 vs 93.54±27.22ml）、术后住院时间（9.68±2.81 vs 11.03±1.99d）,经胸封堵组无输血,差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ<0.05）。随访2-66个月,平均随访34.76±24.55个月,生长发育良好,如正常同龄儿童。2例术后早期出现不完全性右束支传导阻滞在半年随访已恢复,无新发主动脉瓣或三尖瓣返流,无房室传导阻滞等并发症发生。结论 食道超声引导下经胸微创封堵术治疗婴儿室间隔缺损,与同期常规体外循环心内直视VSD修补术比较,创伤小,出血少,恢复快,术后中长期随访效果好,是可行的、安全有效的微创治疗方法。     

右胸前外侧微创切口二尖瓣置换手术临床效果观察

目的 观察右胸前外侧微创切口二尖瓣置换手术的临床效果.方法 采用单中心回顾性队列研究方法,以2011年10月～2012年6月经右胸前外侧微创切口行二尖瓣置换手术的11例患者为微创组(A组),同期经标准胸骨正中切口行单纯二尖瓣置换手术的78例患者为传统组(B组).两组术者、年龄、性别、BMI、心功能NY-HA分级、LVEF、瓣膜病因、瓣膜病变等术前资料匹配.比较两组患者手术情况,LVEF、阻断时间、转流时间、术后引流量、输血量、术后并发症、疼痛度、切口长度等.结果 两组患者均无住院死亡,无低心排综合征、呼吸系统及中枢神经系统并发症.微刨组所有患者均未因手术问题扩大切口或改成正中切口;无术后出血再开胸.两组患者均在术后3个月复查心脏彩超,LV、LVEF差异无统计学意义,二尖瓣均未见瓣周漏.所有患者伤口均I/甲愈合.两组术后再次开胸止血、新发房颤、肺炎、脑血管意外、伤口愈合不良等术后并发症发生率相比P均＞0.05;微创组手术时间、体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间较传统组长(P均＜0.05),术后ICU时间、机械通气时间、住院时间较传统组短(P均＜0.05),术后引流量、用血量较传统组少(P均＜0.05),切口长度较传统组短(P＜0.05).所有患者切口均未出现感染.结论 经右胸前外侧微创切口行微创瓣膜手术安全有效,有较好的美容效果,术后恢复情况较标准胸骨正中切口更快、更好.     

胸部小切口瓣膜置换手术的临床研究

目的探讨各类胸部小切口瓣膜置换手术,评价其临床应用价值。方法自1995年12月至2004年9月体外循环下手术患者103（男60,女43）例,年龄1665岁。主动脉瓣置换（AVR）应用胸骨正中上半小切口19例;胸骨旁小切口2例;二尖瓣置换（MVR）应用胸骨正中下半切口30例;右胸前外侧小切口50例;另2例为三尖瓣置换（TVR）。结果103例患者术后死亡3例,病死率2.9%。术后胸腔引流量、输血量比同期常规胸骨正中切口瓣膜置换手术明显减少。痊愈出院的100例,切口甲级愈合。随访360个月,随访率91%。心功能比术前明显提高。结论胸部小切口瘢痕小,术后出血和输血量均明显减少,减少了住院时间和相关并发症。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.