罗哌卡因浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的临床观察

目的：观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）后腹腔骨应用罗哌卡因浸润麻醉对患者术后疼痛的缓解作用。方法：安慰剂对照和双盲的研究方法，将60名择期行LC的病人随机分为3组，A组术前以0.5%罗哌卡因逐层浸润各切口并喷洒腹腔。B组方法同A组，时间为手术结束时。对照组使用生理盐水。记录术后1、3、6、24hVAS评分。3、6、24h腹腔内和切口疼痛VRS评分。结果：A、B组术后6h内VAS低于对照组，A、B组间无显著差异。术后3h切口和腹腔疼痛VRS评分A、B组低于对照组，A、B组间无差异，术后6h A组腹腔内疼痛VRS评分显著低于B组及对照组。结论：罗哌卡因切口浸润结合腹腔内喷洒可明显降低腹腔镜手术后早期VAS评分，具有良好的镇痛效果。术有与术后给药对镇痛效果无明显影响，但术前腹腔内浸润在减轻腹腔内疼痛方面可能优于术后给药。     

盐酸右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因对脊柱后路手术超前镇痛效果的研究

目的：研究盐酸右美托咪定(DEX)联合罗哌卡因对脊柱后路手术超前镇痛的效果。方法75例患者随机分为A组(对照组)、B组(DEX持续至手术结束)、C组(DEX持续至手术结束后24 h),术后均以罗哌卡因在手术切口局部浸润麻醉。结果与A组相比,B组和C组拔管后6~72 h内疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)降低,术后首次镇痛需要时间延迟,盐酸曲马多总量减少(P<0.05);C组拔管后VAS评分低于B组(P<0.05);B组和C组患者血清皮质醇水平降低(P<0.05)。结论盐酸右美托咪定持续静脉输注联合手术切口罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉可显著减轻脊柱后路手术患者的术后疼痛程度,减少术后使用镇痛药物的总量。     

多瑞吉联合罗哌卡因用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的临床研究

目的 研究多瑞吉联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的效能和安全性.方法 择期全麻腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者120例,均分为3组.罗哌组(A组):缝合切口前向胆囊床喷洒及切口局部浸润0.5%罗哌卡因;多瑞吉组(B组):入手术室时胸前贴多瑞吉贴膜;联合组(C组):入手术室时胸前贴多瑞吉,缝合切口前向胆囊床喷洒及切口局部浸润0.5%罗哌卡因.术中3组均采用气管插管控制呼吸异丙酚、芬太尼静脉麻醉,术后持续监测血氧饱和度、呼吸、血压、心电图,进行VAS评分、Ramsay评分,观察有无恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、眩晕、呼吸抑制等副反应.结果 镇痛效果:A组术后6 h内、B组术后6～48 h内镇痛效果满意,C组在术后48 h内镇痛效果满意;呼吸影响:3组病例均未出现血氧饱和度低于90%;副反应:恶心、呕吐发生率3组相似.瘙痒、眩晕发生率B、C组略高于A组,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 多瑞吉联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后镇痛安全有效.     

平衡镇痛用于妇科腹腔镜手术术后镇痛的效果观察

目的:观察地佐辛肌内注射超前镇痛联合罗哌卡因术中局部麻醉用于妇科腹腔镜手术的术后镇痛效果。方法:选择90例行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者,随机分为三组,分别为A组、B组和C组。A组于麻醉诱导前10 min肌内注射地佐辛10 mg,并于切皮前用0.25%罗哌卡因15 ml行切口浸润阻滞,术毕在3个切口周围腹膜各注射0.25%罗哌卡因5 ml,腹腔喷注0.25%罗哌卡因15 ml。B组单纯行术中罗哌卡因局部麻醉镇痛,具体方法同A组。C组为对照组,不使用任何镇痛方法。术后分别记录术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h切口痛、内脏痛和肩部痛的VAS评分,并记录术后哌替啶的使用时间、人数和使用次数。结果:A组术后各时间点三个部位的疼痛VAS评分均显著低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组除术后2 h和6 h内脏痛外,其余各VAS评分显著均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组在术后12 h内,除术后2 h肩部痛外,其余各VAS评分均显著低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:地佐辛肌内注射超前镇痛联合罗哌卡因术中局部麻醉的平衡镇痛方法,用于妇科腹腔镜手术的术后镇痛,具有镇痛效果完善,镇痛时间长的优点。     

妇科腹腔镜下子宫次全切除术后不同浓度罗哌卡因浸润麻醉的镇痛作用

目的 观察比较妇科腹腔镜下子宫次全切除术后应用不同浓度罗哌卡因(阿斯利康; 75mg/10mL)对手术切口浸润麻醉的镇痛作用.方法 选择80例行妇科腹腔镜下子宫次全切除术患者,随机分为A(0.75％)、B(0.5％)、C(0.25％)、D(NS)4组,每组20例,术后应用不同浓度罗哌卡因切口浸润麻醉后,记录4组1小时、3小时、6小时、12小时、24小时腹壁疼痛的VAS评分,并纪录使用曲马多镇痛的例数及恶心、呕吐例数.结果 A、B两组在各时间点的镇痛作用差异不大,C组患者6小时后腹壁疼痛明显加重.结论 应用0.5％、0.75％罗哌卡因对手术切口浸润麻醉的术后镇痛作用类似,但0.5％罗哌卡因药物使用量更小,应用于术后切口浸润麻醉镇痛更合理.     

罗哌卡因局部浸润联合地佐辛肌肉注射对多发肋骨骨折患者术后镇痛的影响

目的:评价罗哌卡因局部浸润联合地佐辛肌肉注射对多发肋骨骨折手术患者术后镇痛的影响。方法:多发肋骨骨折内固定手术123例,其中对照组40例(A组)、罗哌卡因组41例(B组)和罗哌卡因联合地佐辛组42例(C组)。B和C组在手术缝合前用0.5%罗哌卡因20ml在手术切口处逐层浸润,A组给予相同容量的生理盐水,C组手术结束前30min肌肉注射地佐辛10mg。术后所有患者均行静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。评估术后1h(T_0)、4h(T_1)、8h(T_2)、24h(T_3)、36h(T_4)患者的VAS评分,记录术后48h内舒芬太尼消耗量,记录患者术后苏醒期躁动发生情况及不良反应发生情况。结果:与A组比较,B、C两组患者苏醒期躁动发生率及术后舒芬太尼消耗量明显低于A组(P<0.05);与B组比较,C组患者躁动发生率及舒芬太尼消耗量明显降低(P<0.05);B组和C组患者T_0、T_1、T_2、T_3时的VAS评分也显著低于A组(P<0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因局部浸润联合地佐辛肌肉注射可增强多发肋骨骨折患者术后镇痛效果,减少镇痛药物用量,提高术后舒适度。     

腰麻下采用不同浓度的罗哌卡因联合超声引导髂筋膜腔隙阻滞用于全髋关节置换术后镇痛的临床研究

目的:研究腰麻下采用不同浓度的罗哌卡因联合超声引导髂筋膜腔隙阻滞用于全髋关节置换术后镇痛的临床效果。方法:选取我院于2018年6月-2019年6月,此1年间收治的全髋关节置换患者76例,将所有患者按照前瞻性单盲随机法分为4组:0.20%罗哌卡因组(A组)、0.25%罗哌卡因组(B组)、0.30%罗哌卡因组(C组)和0.35%罗哌卡因组(D组)。观察比较4组患者的VAS评分和罗哌卡因用量等。结果:与A组比较,C组和D组被动运动VAS评分和主动运动VAS评分降低(P<0.05),B组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B组、C组、D组阻滞后72小时内罗哌卡因用量降低(P<0.05);B组、C组和D组罗哌卡因用量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因用于全髋关节置换术病人术后连续髂筋膜腔隙阻滞的适宜浓度为0.30%。     

氟比洛芬酯联合罗哌卡因平衡镇痛用于妇科腹腔镜术后镇痛的效果分析

目的观察氟比洛芬酯联合罗哌卡因平衡镇痛用于妇科腹腔镜术后镇痛的效果。方法择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者共150例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机均分为三组,A组为氟比洛芬酯和罗哌卡因联合用药组（n=50例）,B组为罗哌卡因组（n=50例）,C组为对照组（n=50例）。A组患者麻醉诱导前15min静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50mg,在腹壁打孔前用0．375％罗哌卡因行皮肤切口浸润麻醉．各3ml,手术结束前于腹腔内喷洒0．375％罗哌卡因30ml。B组仅用罗哌卡因局部浸润和腹腔内局麻药喷洒,方法同A组。C组不用额外镇痛方法。用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）观察术后1、4、8、12、24h的切口痛（皮肤感觉痛）、内脏痛（如主诉有大小便欲望,胃痛等）,并记录各组术后需要使用镇痛药（哌替啶）的时间、人数和使用的次数。结果A组在术后l、4、8、12h点2个部位疼痛VAS评分均显著低于C组（P〈0．05）;A组和B组比较,只在术后4h和8h时切口VAS评分低于B组（P〈0．05）;B组和C组比较,在术后1、4、8h时,2处VAS评分均显著低于c组（P〈0．05）。A组和B组初次使用哌替啶时间、人数和使用次数均显著低于C组,A组的使用人数和次数显著低于B组（P〈0．05）。术后未观察到与镇痛相关的术后出血、局麻药中毒等副作用。结论氟比洛芬酯联合罗哌卡因平衡镇痛用于妇科腹腔镜术后镇痛有很好的效果。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因与芬太尼用于术后硬膜外镇痛效果观察

目的：比较三组不同浓度罗哌卡因与芬太尼伍用氟哌利多用于术后硬膜外持续镇痛效果。方法：120例剖宫产患者随机分为0.238%罗哌卡因、芬太尼5μg/ml（A组）,0.348%罗哌卡因、芬太尼5μg/ml（B组）,0.238%罗哌卡因、芬太尼7μg/ml（C组）,三组均复合氟哌利多0.025mg/ml,背景量2ml/小时。以VAS评分比较术后持续镇痛效果。Bro-mage评分评定运动阻滞情况。结果：术后6、12、24和48小时VAS评分A组显著高于B、C组,Bromage评分B组显著高于A、C组。结论：0.238%罗哌卡因芬太尼7μg/ml复合氟哌利多对剖宫产术后镇痛效果确切,适合临床应用。     

不同浓度右美托咪定联合罗哌卡因对膝关节镜术后镇痛效果的影响

目的观察关节腔内注射不同浓度右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因对膝关节镜术后镇痛的效果。方法选取80例择期行膝关节镜手术患者随机分为A 组（0.25%罗哌卡因+0.25μg/kg右美托咪定）;B 组（0.25%罗哌卡因+0.50μg/kg右美托咪定）;C 组（0.25%罗哌卡因+0.75μg/kg 右美托咪定）;D 组（0.25%罗哌卡因+1.00μg/kg 右美托咪定）。记录患者术中心率、平均动脉压等生命体征,术后24 h内的疼痛评分（VAS）、术后首次需要镇痛药时间、芬太尼用量及不良反应。结果4组患者术中生命体征变化差异无统计学意义（P <0.05）;术后<6h C和D组患者VAS 评分低于A、B 组,B 组低于A 组;C 和D 组比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）,其他4 组时间差 异无统计学意义;术后首次需要镇痛药时间C、D组长于A、B组,B组长于A组,C和D组比较差异无统计学意义;术后<24 h芬太尼用量C、D组低于A、B组,B组低于A 组,C 和D组比较差异无统计学意义。A 和B 组未出现不良反应,C组出现低血压1 例、恶心呕吐1 例;D组出现心动过缓1 例、恶心呕吐1 例。结论关节腔内注射不同浓度右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因用于膝关节镜术后镇痛,其镇痛效果及不良反应呈浓度依赖性,综合考虑推荐其镇痛浓度为0.50 μg/kg。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.