老年中重度牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者牙周基础治疗的作用分析

目的：探讨老年中重度牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者牙周基础治疗对牙周感染的控制效果。方法：选取2018年9月至2019年9月上海市浦东医院收治的老年中重度牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者60例，随机分为对照组（n=30，不进行牙周基础治疗）和观察组（n=30，进行牙周基础治疗），均进行口腔卫生宣教和生活方式干预。评价2组患者治疗后的牙周参数（菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数、牙周袋深度及附着丧失）、血糖指标[空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）及糖化血红蛋白（HbA₁c）]、牙周感染控制率和治疗服务满意率，并对牙周参数与HbA₁c行相关性分析。结果：观察组治疗后，菌斑指数、出血指数、牙周袋深度及附着丧失等参数均小于对照组（P<0.05）；FPG、2hPG、HbA₁c水平均小于对照组（P<0.05）；牙周感染控制率高于对照组（P<0.05）；菌斑指数、出血指数、牙周袋深度及附着丧失与HbA₁c正相关（r²=0.844、0.900、0.932、0.866；P<0.05）；观察组治疗满意率高于对照组（96.67%vs 70.00%，P<0.05）。结论：对老年中重度牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者应及时行临床系列牙周基础治疗，有利于控制牙周感染，改善患者血糖指标，减少老年患者感染，提高老年患者生活与生存质量，为跨学科治疗老年2型糖尿病提供新的思路与方法。     

蓝光对维甲酸致骨质疏松大鼠的影响

目的：探讨蓝光照射后维甲酸致大鼠骨质疏松模型的骨代谢指标及骨微结构的改变情况。方法：将24只9月龄SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、蓝光1组和蓝光2组，每组6只。蓝光组和模型组每天用100 mg/kg的维甲酸连续灌胃14 d，正常组用同体积的蒸馏水灌胃14 d，14 d后各组均恢复正常饮食、饮水。正常组和模型组全程采用日光灯光照模式照射，蓝光1组和2组在维甲酸造模完成后分别采用蓝色光照模式（460 nm）照射14 d和21 d。非蓝光照射时日光灯照射补齐至总照射天数（35 d）。所有大鼠均于35 d后取眼眶血，测定血清钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）、β-胶联降解物（β-bonded degradation products，β-CTX）和Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽（amino terminal peptide of procollagen type 1，P1NP）水平。采用CO₂麻醉处死大鼠后取股骨，用microCT测定骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度和骨小梁分离度。结果：与正常组相比，模型组钙、磷、ALP、β-CTX和P1NP水平以及骨密度、骨微结构显著改变（P<0.01），说明造模成功。与模型组相比，蓝光1组的体质量、血钙水平、血磷水平、ALP、β-CTX，P1NP、骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁分离度发生显著变化（P<0.05），但两组骨密度差异无统计学意义；蓝光2组大鼠的体质量、骨密度、骨微结构及骨代谢等各项指标均改变（P<0.05）。蓝光1组和蓝光2组间β-CTX、骨小梁数量和骨小梁分离度差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：蓝光可在大鼠骨质疏松早期抑制成骨和影响钙磷代谢，促进维甲酸诱导骨质疏松的进程，提示骨质疏松患者在日常生活中需要减少蓝光暴露。     

99Tcm-MDP骨显像腰椎标准摄取值与骨密度的相关性

目的 观察不同骨密度（BMD）患者⁹⁹Tc^m-亚甲基二磷酸盐（⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP）骨显像腰椎标准摄取值（SUV）的差异，并分析其与BMD的相关性。方法 回顾性分析62例接受⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像、腰椎SPECT/CT断层显像及双能X线腰椎BMD检测患者，根据BMD结果将其分为骨量正常组（n=18）、骨量减低组（n=24）和骨质疏松组（n=20），比较3组腰椎平均SUV（SUV_mean）、最大SUV（SUV_max）及BMD等的差异，分析其与腰椎平均CT值、患者年龄、体质量及身高的相关性。结果 腰椎SUV_max和SUV_mean分别为7.39±1.84和4.90±1.27，均与BMD呈正相关（r=0.64、0.63，P均<0.01）。腰椎SUV_max、SUV_mean和BMD均与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.33、-0.44、-0.43，P均<0.05），与体质量（r=0.42、0.30、0.35）及平均CT值（r=0.56、0.59、0.73）呈正相关（P均<0.05），与身高无明显相关（P均>0.05）。3组间腰椎SUV_max、SUV_mean、BMD和平均CT值差异均有统计学意义（F=24.09、30.50、94.85、30.24，P均<0.01）。骨量减低组腰椎SUV_max、SUV_mean、BMD和平均CT值明显低于正常组（P均<0.01）；骨质疏松组明显低于骨量正常组和骨量减低组（P均<0.01）。结论 ⁹⁹Tc^m-MDP骨显像腰椎SUV可用于评价骨质疏松及评估疗效。腰椎SUV_max及SUV_mean均与BMD呈正相关。骨质疏松患者腰椎SUV_max和SUV_mean明显降低。     

二维剪切波弹性成像评价2型糖尿病患者跟骨下脂肪垫改变

目的 观察二维剪切波弹性成像（2D-SWE）评价2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者跟骨下脂肪垫硬度改变的价值。方法 将104例T2DM患者根据病程分为长病程组（n=54）和短病程组（n=50）,另纳入38名健康志愿者作为对照组。采用2D-SWE技术测量受试者跟骨下脂肪垫弹性模量（E_hp）及其大腔室弹性模量（E_macro）、微腔室弹性模量（E_micro）,比较组内左、右足各参数差异及组间双足参数差异。采用Pearson相关性分析评价E_hp与实验室指标的相关性;以多元线性逐步回归分析影响E_hp的独立因素。结果 各组内左、右足各弹性参数差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。长、短病程组E_hp、E_macro及E_micro均高于对照组（P均<0.05）;长病程组各参数均高于短病程组（P均<0.05）。E_hp与空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）均呈正相关（r=0.516、0.403,P均<0.001）,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）呈负相关（r=－0.521,P<0.001）。FBG、HbA1c及HDL-C均为影响E_hp的独立因素（P均<0.05）。结论 利用2D-SWE技术能够准确、客观地评价T2DM患者跟骨下脂肪垫异常改变。     

右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇麻醉在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果分析

目的 分析右美托咪定与酮咯酸氨丁三醇联合应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的麻醉效果。方法 选取2018年1月－2020年1月该院行LC的患者120例,随机分为对照组（60例）和观察组（60例）。手术过程中,对照组给予酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛,观察组给予右美托咪定联合酮咯酸氨丁三醇超前镇痛。比较两组患者不同时间点心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、镇痛评分、镇静评分、氧化应激情况及不良反应。结果 切胆时（T₂）,两组患者HR和MAP水平均明显低于术前（T₁）（P < 0.05）,观察组HR和MAP水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）;气管拔管时（T₃）,对照组HR和MAP水平明显高于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,观察组HR和MAP水平明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。术后6 h（T₅）和12 h（T₆）,两组患者Ramsay评分均明显高于术后1 h（T₄）（P < 0.05）;T₄、T₅和T₆时点,观察组Ramsay评分明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）,数字分级评分（NRS）的动态评分明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。T₅时点,两组患者血清丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平均明显高于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平明显低于T₁时点（P < 0.05）,且观察组SOD和T-AOC水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）,MDA水平明显低于对照组（P < 0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P = 0.648）。结论 在酮咯酸氨丁三醇基础上辅以右美托咪定超前镇痛,有助于提高镇痛镇静效果,纠正LC患者机体血流动力学紊乱,控制机体氧化应激反应,且安全性较高。     

左心房容积追踪技术评估缩窄性心包炎患者左心房容积和功能变化

目的 观察左心房容积追踪技术（LAVT）评估手术治疗前后缩窄性心包炎（CP）患者左心房容积和功能变化的临床价值。方法 对20例CP患者及20名健康志愿者（对照组），于心包切除术治疗CP术前（术前组）和术后（术后组）采集心尖四腔及两腔动态超声图像，以LAVT技术获得左心房容积参数，包括最大容积（LAV_max）、预收缩容积（LAV_pre）及最小容积（LAV_min），经体表面积校正得到容积指数（LAVI_max、LAVI_pre、LAVI_min）；以LAVT技术获得左心房容积变化速率参数，包括收缩期峰值充盈速率（dv/dtS）、舒张早期峰值排空速率（dv/dtE）及舒张晚期峰值排空速率（dv/dtA）。根据所得参数计算左心房总射血分数（LATEF）、被动射血分数（LAPEF）和主动射血分数（LAAEF），并进行分析。结果 3组LAV_min差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），术前组和术后组LAV_min均大于对照组（P均<0.05），术前组大于术后组（P<0.05）。3组LATEF、LAPEF、LAAEF、dv/dtS、dv/dtE和dv/dtA差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05），术前组和术后组均小于对照组（P均<0.05），术前组小于术后组（P均<0.05）。结论 利用LAVT可评估心包切除术前后CP患者左心房容积和功能变化。     

三维斑点追踪成像技术定量评价亚临床甲状腺功能亢进患者左心室收缩功能

目的 探讨三维斑点追踪成像（3D-STI）技术定量评价亚临床甲状腺功能亢进（SH）患者左心室收缩功能的价值。方法 对33例未经治疗SH患者（SH组）及性别、年龄相匹配的35名健康志愿者（对照组）进行实验室检查、常规超声及3D-STI检查,获取实验室指标促甲状腺激素（TSH）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T₃）、甲状腺素（T₄）、游离甲状腺素（FT₄）,左心室常规指标左心房内径（LAD）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVEDS）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及左心室整体和17节段纵向、径向和面积峰值应变,比较2组差异。结果 SH组与对照组间TSH、T₄和FT₄差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,LAD、IVST、LVEDD、LVEDS、LVEF差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。SH组与对照组间左心室中间段下侧壁、心尖段下壁的面积峰值应变,心尖段下壁及心尖帽的径向峰值应变差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,SH组心脏整体及其余各节段各峰值应变均较对照组降低（P均<0.05）。SH患者左心室整体面积峰值应变与TSH呈正相关（r=0.82,P<0.01）,与FT₄呈负相关（r=-0.67,P<0.01）。结论 3D-STI技术可早期定量评价SH患者左心室整体及局部收缩功能;SH患者左心室各节段应变值呈弥漫性下降。     

多发性硬化患者中枢听觉传导通路的扩散张量成像

目的 采用扩散张量成像（DTI）和纤维追踪技术探讨有听力损害的多发性硬化（MS）患者听觉中枢传导通路的纤维显微结构改变。方法 收集存在听力损害的MS患者15例（MS组）,其中单侧听力损害8例,双侧7例;另收集健康对照组15名。以MS组和对照组脑干内外侧丘系（LL）、中脑下丘（IC）分别为ROI₁、ROI₂进行DTI;再借助纤维追踪技术观察两侧颞横回（ROI₃）中枢听觉皮层的纤维走行,比较两组不同ROI神经纤维的FA、ADC值,并分析MS组单侧听力损害患者有差异的DTI参数值与临床扩展致残量表（EDSS）评分和病程的相关性。结果 MS组双侧听力损害患者的听觉传导通路ROI₁（P=0.016）、ROI₂（P=0.038）、ROI₃（P=0.007）的FA均低于对照组,ROI₁（P=0.016）、ROI₂（P=0.039）ADC值高于对照组,ROI₃的ADC值与对照组差异无统计学意义（P=0.108）。MS组单侧听力损伤患者的损伤侧仅ROI₁（P=0.022）、ROI₃（P=0.029）FA低于对照组。MS组单侧听力损害患者有差异的DTI参数值与EDSS评分、病程均无相关性。结论 MS患者中枢听觉传导通路DTI参数存在异常,可为临床听力损害提供直接证据。     

超声引导下针刺触发点治疗足底筋膜炎

目的 观察超声引导下针刺触发点治疗足底筋膜炎的临床效果。方法 选取48例足底筋膜炎患者，并随机分为2组，对单纯组（n=24）采用单纯非负重跖腱膜拉伸训练，联合组（n=24）采用超声引导下针刺触发点结合非负重跖腱膜拉伸训练；分别于治疗前（T₀）及治疗后1个月（T₁）、3个月（T₂）对患者进行"第1步"数字疼痛评分（NPRS）、美国矫形外科足踝协会踝-后足功能评分（AOFAS）以及36条目健康调查量表中生理（PCS）和心理（MCS）评分。结果 治疗前后2组NPRS、AOFAS、PCS和MCS评分总体差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01），治疗后均较治疗前改善。联合组T₁和T₂的NPRS均低于单纯组（P均<0.01），T₁和T₂的AOFAS、PCS评分均高于单纯组（P均<0.05），而2组间T₁和T₂的MCS评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 超声引导下针刺触发点联合拉伸训练和单纯非负重跖腱膜拉伸训练对于足底筋膜炎均有效，前者缓解疼痛和改善足踝功能效果更佳。     

特发性间质性肺炎患者18F-FDG PET/CT与肺功能及炎性指标的相关性

目的 观察特发性间质性肺炎（ⅡP）患者¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT显像与肺功能及实验室炎性指标的关系。方法 回顾性分析20例ⅡP患者（ⅡP组）和20例肺部正常患者（对照组）的PET/CT图像,测量全肺最大标准摄取值（SUV_max）和平均标准摄取值（SUV_mean）,并校正获得最大靶背景比（TBR_max）和平均靶背景比（TBR_mean）,比较ⅡP组与对照组间SUV和TBR的差异,评价ⅡP组TBR与肺功能及炎性指标的相关性。结果 ⅡP组SUV_max、SUV_mean、TBR_max和TBR_mean均显著高于对照组（P均<0.001）。ⅡP组TBR_mean与用力肺活量（FVC,r=-0.811,P=0.004）、肺一氧化碳弥散量（DLCO,r=-0.715,P=0.020）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1,r=-0.698,P=0.025）、残气量（RV,r=-0.844,P=0.002）、肺总量（TLC,r=-0.693,P=0.026）及RV/TLC（r=-0.711,P=0.021）呈负相关,与FEV1/FVC（r=0.888,P=0.001）呈正相关。TBR_max与FVC（r=-0.667,P=0.035）和RV（r=-0.643,P=0.045）呈负相关,与DLCO、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、TLC、RV/TLC无明显相关性（P均>0.05）。ⅡP组TBR_max和TBR_mean分别与红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白均无明显相关性（P均>0.05）。结论 ⅡP患者¹⁸F-FDG放射性摄取增高,其程度与肺功能具有一定相关性。     

Developmental aspects of pteridine metabolism and relationships with phenylalanine metabolism

Large variations of pteridine elimination occur in childhood, due to the ontogenic development of the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin. The main feature is the slow maturation of biopterin synthesis whereas neopterin synthesis is high at birth; thus a high neopterin to biopterin ratio (4.4 ± 2.1) occurs in the neonatal period, a ratio which then decreases to adult values (0.5 ± 0.2). Comparing pteridine elimination of PKU patients with that of controls of the same age, a high excretion of biopterin and, to a lesser extent, of neopterin is found. In normal subjects, following an oral phenylalanine load, biopterin levels in urine and serum also increase, whereas variations of neopterin concentration are small. In rats, phenylalanine also leads to an increase of serum biopterin whereas liver biopterin decreases. This suggests that the main explanation for the biopterin increase in serum and in urine by phenyl-alanine is a release of the intracellular biopterin by the aminoacid.     

BMIPP compared with PET metabolism

I-123 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) was introduced as an approved radiopharmaceutical in Japan in 1993. This article reviews our clinical comparisons between BMIPP and PET metabolism conducted at Kyoto University. BMIPP uptake was suggested to reflect exogenous fatty acid utilization in the myocardium. By the comparison between FDG PET and BMIPP SPECT, reduced uptake of BMIPP relative to thallium was considered metabolically damaged but viable myocardium in ischemic coronary artery disease. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, reduction of BMIPP uptake was shown to precede suppression of oxidative or glucose metabolism. Occasionally we encounter subjects with absent myocardial BMIPP uptake. The majority of these subjects showed metabolic switching from normal free fatty acid metabolism to abnormally enhanced glucose metabolism in the fasting state. Thus, BMIPP provides us with the valuable metabolic information which is unattainable using a perfusion tracer.     

Splanchnic metabolism associated with liver metastasis

Metastatic liver disease can modify the metabolic response to critical illness. Systemic lactic acidosis may arise from an increased production due to inadequate peripheral tissue oxygen transport, altered metabolic function such as depressed pyruvate oxidation or insufficient hepatic clearing capacity due to tumor replacement of functional liver mass. Hepatic venous catheterization in a patient with extensive metastatic melanoma to the liver and adult respiratory distress syndrome indicated a marked disparity between whole body and liver oxygenation which may arise due to a markedly stepped up splanchnic oxygen utilization unmatched by a proportionate rise in regional oxygen delivery. Since some neoplasms may exhibit increased metabolic activity, it is suspected that these metastatic lesions may have contributed to the observed regional hypermetabolism thereby worsening hepatic hypoxia and exacerbating lactic acidosis. This case also illustrates the difficulties in interpreting global indicators of metabolic function and oxygenation in critically ill patients.     

Calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone metabolism in postmenopausal patients with the thyroid gland pathology

Bone metabolism markers (bone alkaline phosphatase, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus, serum osteocalcin) and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, Ca2+ and P after overnight fasting and of creatinine were studied in 52 female patients with endemic goiter and hypothyrosis (18 of these with decompensated hypothyrosis, 34 treated with thyroid hormones) and 48 women without thyroid diseases aged 45-60 years with menopause of no longer than 10 years (6.4 +/- 0.43 years). Clinical and x-ray examinations were carried out in all women; hormonal status, basal serum levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin were evaluated. A trend to deceleration of bone remodeling was detected in the patients with untreated hypothyrosis in comparison with women without thyroid disease. Signs of increased bone resorption were detected in patients with endemic goiter and hypothyrosis receiving substitute hormone therapy; this gave grounds to refer patients of menopausal age with endemic goiter and hypothyrosis treated with oral thyroxin for a long time to a group at a high risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures and to start preventive osteotropic therapy from the first day of substitute thyroid hormone therapy.     

In vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein S in humans. Comparison with apolipoprotein A-I metabolism

¹²⁵I-labelled apolipoprotein (Apo) S and ¹³¹I-labelled apolipoprotein A-I were injected i.v. into healthy volunteers. Blood samples and daily urine collections were drawn periodically for 15 days. Ninety-eight percent of ¹³¹I radioactivity and > 95% of ¹²⁵I radioactivity were found in HDL after Superose gel chromatography of plasma. About 10% of each radioactivity was recovered in the d 1.250 infranate after one ultracentrifugation. Affinity chromatography on monoclonal anti-Apo A-I Sepharose column separates two lipoprotein particles containing Apo S, one retained with Apo A-I (42.5%) and the other eluting without Apo A-I (57.5%).

Kinetic parameters were calculated according to exponential curve fitting. Mean transit time was about 7.0 days for both Apo A-I and Apo S. FCR of Apo S was 50% higher than FCR of Apo A-I. Synthetic rate of Apo S was about 150 times smaller than for Apo A-I.

As heterogeneity of HDL-S was suggested by both the results of affinity chromatography and the urinary data, a compartmental model was built which fitted adequately all data. Part of the model is common to HDL-A-I and HDL-S.     

Interaction of chelerythrine with inositol phosphate metabolism

Chelerythrine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), was evaluated for its effect on inositol phosphate (IP) metabolism in newborn rat cardiomyocytes in culture. In a first step, we evaluated the effect of chelerythrine on IP accumulation in basal conditions. For a 10(-4) M dose, 5-phosphatase activity (which dephosphorylates IP3 into IP2) was completely blocked and we observed a large increase in IP accumulation limited to IP2 without any increase in IP3, strongly suggesting that chelerythrine at this dose modifies IP metabolism. At a lower dose (10(-5) M) of chelerythrine, which did not modify IP accumulation and 5-phosphatase activity in basal conditions, the response to angiotensin II stimulation was completely abolished by the addition of chelerythrine. We conclude thus that chelerythrine, even at 10(-5) M, interacts markedly with IP metabolism, and caution should be exerted when interpreting the results obtained with this drug, which is still currently used at this dose.