实时剪切波超声弹性成像技术评估帕金森病患者骨骼肌弹性模量的研究

目的研究帕金森病患者肱二头肌、肱桡肌、股直肌及小腿三头肌长轴杨氏模量值特征,探讨实时剪切波超声弹性成像技术评估帕金森病患者肌肉状态的应用价值。方法选取46例帕金森病患者(病变组)和健康志愿者31例(对照组),应用实时定量剪切波超声弹性成像技术获取病变组双侧、对照组右侧的肱二头肌、肱桡肌、股直肌及小腿三头肌松弛状态下长轴杨氏模量值,并进行对比分析。结果放松状态下病变组患者症状明显侧、症状较轻侧及对照组肱二头肌长轴杨氏模量值分别为(59.94±20.91)k Pa、(47.77±24.00)k Pa及(24.44±5.09)k Pa;肱桡肌长轴杨氏模量值分别为(32.18±17.19)k Pa、(28.41±13.19)k Pa及(21.71±7.45)k Pa;股直肌长轴杨氏模量值分别为(15.74±12.16)k Pa、(16.13±11.61)k Pa及(10.25±7.89)k Pa;小腿三头肌长轴杨氏模量值分别为(20.77±10.18)k Pa,(20.63±11.83)k Pa及(9.32±4.75)k Pa。病变组患者双侧肱二头肌、肱桡肌、股直肌及小腿三头肌长轴杨氏模量均高于对照组(均P0.05);症状明显侧肱二头肌长轴杨氏模量高于症状较轻侧(P0.05),病变组患者双侧肱桡肌、股直肌及小腿三头肌长轴杨氏模量比较差异无统计学意义。结论实时定量剪切波弹性成像技术可检测帕金森病患者较大骨骼肌杨氏模量值差异,为评估帕金森病患者肌肉状态提供了一种新的检测方法。     

健康人群四肢近端肌肉剪切波弹性成像测量的初步研究

目的测量健康人群四肢近端肌肉剪切波速度,分析与其相关的因素。 方法选取2019年1月至2020年12月在四川大学华西医院招募的健康志愿者88例,记录受检者的性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）及运动习惯。测量不同肌肉（三角肌、肱二头肌、股直肌、股外侧肌）左右两侧及相同肌肉不同断面、不同位置及不同体位的剪切波速度,并对不同性别、年龄、BMI及运动状态的肌肉剪切波速度进行比较。随机抽取20例受试者,计算三角肌及股直肌剪切波速度测量的观察者间及观察者内一致性。 结果各肌肉纵断面剪切波速度左、右两侧比较,差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。各肌肉剪切波速度纵断面均大于横断面（P均＜0.05）。肱二头肌伸直位纵断面,其剪切波速度肌腹外侧大于肌腹内侧（P均＜0.05）。肱二头肌剪切波速度伸直位均大于屈曲位（P均＜0.05）。三角肌、肱二头肌剪切波速度男性高于女性（P均＜0.05）。股外侧肌剪切波速度18~49岁组高于50~70岁组（P＜0.05）。肱二头肌剪切波速度BMI＜18.5 kg/m²组及18.5 kg/m²≤BMI＜24 kg/m²组均高于BMI≥24 kg/m²组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。三角肌剪切波速度规律运动者高于少运动者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。三角肌及股直肌的剪切波速度观察者内及观察者间一致性均为良好或优秀（ICC均＞0.88）。 结论剪切波弹性成像（SWE）能够用于定量测量健康人群肌肉的硬度值,肌肉的断面和部位及受检者的体位、性别、年龄、BMI和运动习惯为与其相关的因素,研究结果为特发性炎性肌病的进一步研究提供了依据。     

实时定量超声弹性成像技术检测肱二头肌松弛和紧张状态下弹性模量值差异

目的研究松弛和紧张状态下肱二头肌肌腹的杨氏模量值差异。方法 141例男性健康志愿者,年龄16～34岁,中位年龄22岁。使用法国Supersonic公司的AixPlore型实时定量剪切波弹性成像超声诊断仪,L4-15线阵探头沿肱二头肌肌腹肌束方向检查,启动超声仪器弹性成像模式(SWE)模式,然后使用其定量分析系统Q-BOX分别测量二头肌处于松弛与紧张状态下的杨氏模量值。结果紧张状态下肱二头肌肌腹杨氏模量值为(123.658±31.392)kPa,松弛状态下杨氏模量值为(45.658±13.479)kPa,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0000)。结论剪切波弹性成像技术可检测肱二头肌肌腹在松弛和紧张状态下杨氏模量值差异,紧张状态下较松弛状态下模量值大;定量超声弹性成像技术用于肌肉组织疾病检查,使提供常规超声之外的诊断信息成为可能。     

胸锁乳突肌剪切波弹性成像影响因素在先天性肌性斜颈早期诊断中的应用

目的应用多模态剪切波弹性成像方法对婴儿早期先天性肌性斜颈（CMT）胸锁乳突肌病变进行诊断及定量分析。 方法选取2012年9至12月在深圳市儿童医院就诊的50例先天性肌性斜颈婴儿（斜颈组）和100名健康婴儿（正常组）为观察对象,分析不同因素（性别、左侧与右侧、短轴切面与长轴切面和不同体位）对正常婴儿胸锁乳突肌超声杨氏模量、剪切波速度、剪切模量、应变比等弹性成像检测结果的影响;与正常组婴儿检测参数对照,分析斜颈组婴儿患侧胸锁乳突肌弹性成像参数值的变化。 结果弹性成像显示：正常组男性与女性婴儿（100名）之间左侧与右侧胸锁乳突肌杨氏模量、剪切波速度、剪切模量和应变比等弹性成像参数值比较,差异均无统计学意义;胸锁乳突肌长轴切面的杨氏模量、剪切波速度和剪切模量测值均大于短轴切面,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;但应变比及厚度测值比较差异无统计学意义;伸拉仰卧位的纵切面杨氏模量、剪切波速度和剪切模量在长轴切面和短轴切面的测值均大于对称仰卧位,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而应变比及厚度的测值比较差异无统计学意义。斜颈组婴儿（50例）患侧胸锁乳突肌厚度和杨氏模量、剪切波速度、剪切模量、应变比的弹性成像测值（含长轴切面和短轴切面）均大于健侧,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论多模态声弹性成像技术可对先天性肌性斜颈婴儿结节型胸锁乳突肌病变进行定量评价,有助于诊断婴儿早期先天性肌性斜颈。     

剪切波弹性成像在乳腺BI-RADS 4A类病灶鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：评估剪切波弹性成像在乳腺影像报告和数据系统 （BI-RADS）4A类病灶中的诊断价值。 方法：回顾性分析131位乳腺疾病患者，共133个病灶。所有病灶均接受常规超声及剪切波弹性成像检查，且所有病灶均为BI-RADS 4A类。获取每个病灶的剪切波速度最大值（SWVmax）、剪切波速度最小值（SWVmin）、剪切波速度差值（△SWV）及弹性彩色模式，以病理结果为金标准，构建操作者工作特征曲线，计算曲线下面积（AUC）。将剪切波弹性成像各参数与临床资料、常规超声特征联合构建Logistic回归模型，计算该模式的诊断效能，并与剪切波弹性成像各参数进行比较。 结果：133个病灶中，良性病灶110个，恶性病灶23个。患者年龄、Adler血流分级、SWVmax、SWVmin、△SWV及弹性彩色模式在良恶性病灶间有显著差异（P值均<0.05）。SWVmax、SWVmin、△SWV及弹性彩色模式的AUC值分别为0.767、0.643、0.755及0.780，敏感性分别为65.2%、60.9%、69.6%及69.6%，特异性分别为90.0%、60.9%、86.4%及86.4%。SWVmax、△SWV及弹性彩色模式的AUC值差异无统计学意义（P值均>0.05），但均高于SWVmin的AUC值（P值均<0.05）。通过二分类非条件Logistic回归分析显示，共有患者年龄、病灶的Adler血流分级与弹性彩色模式纳入方程，该模型的AUC值、敏感性及特异性分别为0.864、78.3%及为90.9%，诊断效能明显大于剪切波弹性成像的任一参数（P值均<0.05）。 结论：剪切波弹性成像在乳腺BI-RADS 4A类病灶的鉴别诊断中有一定的诊断价值，尤其是SWVmax、△SWV及弹性彩色模式的诊断性能较高。多因素Logistic回归显示弹性彩色模式与年龄、Alder血流分级的结合可最大限度提高BI-RADS 4A类恶性病灶的检出率，并降低不必要的穿刺活检率。     

膝骨关节炎患者股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性

目的应用表面肌电图和等速肌力测定方法比较膝骨关节炎患者与正常人股内侧肌、股直肌和股外侧肌间的协调性改变。方法34例膝骨关节炎患者和34名膝关节健康者在膝关节屈曲10°、60°、100°等长伸膝和等速60°/s、180°/s伸膝运动测试模式下,进行股内侧肌(VM)、股直肌(RF)和股外侧肌(VL)的表面肌电图和股四头肌肌力的评测,包括肌肉激活启动顺序和VM/VL神经肌电比值。结果与正常人对比,膝骨关节炎患者在等速180°/s伸膝运动时VM相对于VL启动延迟（P＜0.05）;在膝屈10°等长伸膝运动时,VM/VL神经肌电比值降低（P＜0.05）。结论膝骨关节炎患者患侧股四头肌的协调性减退。     

剪切波弹性成像在肌筋膜疼痛综合征中的临床应用价值

目的应用剪切波弹性成像观察肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者肌筋膜疼痛触发点(MTrPs)处肌肉弹性改变情况,观察其在中医手法治疗中的应用。方法收集我院收治的60例肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者(观察组)和60例健康体检者(对照组)为研究对象,均行剪切波弹性成像检测,比较观察组与对照组肌肉杨氏模量值(E)、组织剪切波速度(SWV)、上斜方肌厚度、目测类比等级(VAS)评分。以后期病理生理学检测结果为标准,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析剪切波弹性成像诊断MTrPs的价值。根据观察组患者定位MTrPs方式差异分为2个亚组:常规组(30例)和辅助组(30例),对比常规组与辅助组治疗前和治疗后15 d的VAS评分、疼痛分级指数(PRI)评分、现有疼痛强度(PPI)评分,以及治疗1、2、3个疗程后的疼痛缓解显效率。结果观察组MTrPs处肌肉E、SWV、上斜方肌厚度、VAS评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,剪切波弹性成像诊断MTrPs的曲线下面积为0.948,敏感性为95.24%,特异性为94.44%,诊断准确率为95.00%。通过对比疗效发现,辅助组1、2、3个疗程治疗后的疼痛缓解显效率均显著高于常规组,治疗后15 d的VAS评分、PRI评分、PPI评分均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论剪切波弹性成像评估肌筋膜疼痛综合征患者MTrPs处肌肉弹性改变具有较高的特异性和敏感性,有助于中医手法治疗定位,具有重要的临床价值。     

剪切波弹性成像超声在脑卒中偏瘫上肢痉挛定量评估中的应用

目的:应用剪切波弹性成像技术测定脑卒中后偏瘫上肢肘屈肌群痉挛患者肱二头肌、肱肌、肱桡肌的杨氏模量值,分析其与改良的Ashworth量表间的相关性,通过检查来确定对肘关节屈曲痉挛起主要作用的肌肉,探讨剪切波弹性超声在确定痉挛程度的应用价值.方法:选取36例脑卒中所致的单侧偏瘫并且肘屈肌痉挛患者(17例女性和19例男性),...     

不同频率探头及不同取样深度剪切波速度测值的相关性研究北大核心CSCD

超声弹性成像中剪切波速度（shear wave velocity,SWV）等同于或代表组织的弹性,较硬的组织与较高的SWV相关。在诸多研究正常或病变脏器SWV的文献中。     

比目鱼肌超声剪切波弹性成像评估下肢远端深静脉血流滞缓的临床价值

目的 探讨比目鱼肌超声剪切波弹性成像对下肢远端深静脉血流滞缓表现的评估能力及临床应用价值。方法 以小腿肌肉静脉扩张作为远端深静脉血流滞缓标准,将136例下肢深静脉超声检查患者下肢肢体分为扩张组与正常组,比较两组人群临床资料差异并用多因素Logistic分析探讨影响肌肉静脉扩张的危险因素;同时比较比目鱼肌剪切波弹性成像及常规超声血流滞缓评估方法在扩张组与正常组下肢肢体间结果是否存在差异并构建ROC曲线分析各自诊断效能。结果 扩张组比目鱼肌剪切波杨氏模量测值低于正常组（P＜0.001）、二维“暴风雪征”半定量分级评估（P＜0.001）、腘静脉内径及腘静脉血流淤滞指数扩张组大于正常组（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示,当杨氏模量取12.7kPa时超声剪切波弹性成像诊断左下肢远端血流滞缓的曲线下面积0.960,灵敏度92.06%,特异度97.26%;当杨氏模量取13.0kPa时超声剪切波弹性成像诊断右下肢远端血流滞缓的曲线下面积0.950,灵敏度95.92%,特异度91.95%。结论 剪切波弹性成像测定比目鱼肌硬度具备定量评估肌肉静脉血流状态的能力,对远端深静脉血流滞缓诊断效能优于传统超声检查方法。     

The Effects of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises and Open Kinetic Chain Exercises Using Elastic Bands on Electromyographic Activity in Degenerative Gonarthritis

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of closed kinetic chain exercises (CKCEs) and open kinetic chain exercises (OKCEs) with elastic bands on the electromyographic activity of patients with degenerative gonarthritis. [Subjects] The study subjects were 30 degenerative gonarthritis patients who were divided into a CKCE group (CKCEG, n=10), an OKCE group (OKCEG, n=10), and a control group (CG, n=10). [Methods] The CKCEG and the OKCEG performed exercises with elastic bands, and the CG took part in a quadriceps strengthening exercise. All three groups performed the exercises three times per week for four weeks. The electromyographic activities of the subjects’ vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles were measured and compared. [Results] Within-group comparisons revealed that the electromyographic activities of the VM, RF, VL, ST, and BF muscles increased significantly in the CKCEG. The OKCEG displayed significant increases in the electromyographic activity of the VM, RF, ST, and BF muscles, and the CG showed significant increases in the electromyographic activities of the RF, VL, ST, and BF muscles. In between-group comparisons after the intervention, the electromyographic activities of the VM, RF, and VL muscles of the CKCEG were significantly higher than those of the CG. The electromyographic activities of the VM, RF, and ST muscles of the OKCEG were significantly higher than those of the CG. [Conclusion] We consider CKCEs with elastic bands are an effective intervention for increasing the electromyographic activities of the VM, RF, VL, ST, and BF muscles of degenerative gonarthritis patients, and OKCEs with elastic bands are an effective intervention for increasing the electromyographic activities of the VM, RF, ST, and BF muscles of degenerative gonarthritis patients.     

Neuromuscular and architectural alterations of the vastus lateralis muscle in elderly patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis]

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in muscle weakness in elderly patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis. SUBJECTS: We investigated 7 patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis. METHOD: We measured knee position sense and isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors. Electromyographic (EMG) measurement of biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) involved different levels of contraction (25, 50, 75 and 100% MVC). Neuromuscular efficiency of quadriceps was also calculated (MVC/EMG). Ultrasonography was used to investigate the VL architectural parameters at the median part of the VL for different levels of contraction (25, 50, and 75% MVC). All tests were performed on the osteoarthritic and healthy knees. RESULTS: The quadriceps MVC of the affected knee was reduced by 30%. The VL thickness of the affected knee was 10% smaller than that of the unaffected knee. VL activity seen on EMG did not differ between knees, but RF, VM and BF activity was greater in the unaffected than affected knee. Neuromuscular efficiency was higher (26%) in the unaffected knee. Knee position sense was reduced by 33% in the affected knee. CONCLUSION: Quadriceps weakness associated with knee osteoarthritis seems to be related to changes in muscle rather than pennation angle and changes in fascicule length.     

Knee joint angle and vasti muscle electromyograms during fatiguing contractions

We compared vasti muscle electromyograms for two knee joint angles during fatiguing tetanic contractions. Tetanic contraction of the knee extensors was evoked for 70 s by electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve at knee joint angles of 60° (extended, with 0° indicating full extension) and 110° (flexed) in eight healthy men. Surface electromyography was recorded from the vastus intermedius (VI), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. Knee extension force and M‐wave amplitudes and durations were calculated every 7 s, which were normalized by the initial value. Normalized knee extension force was decreased at the flexed knee joint angle compared with that of the extended knee joint angle (P<0·05). Decreased normalized M‐wave amplitude and increased normalized M‐wave duration of the VI were greater at the flexed knee joint angle than the extended knee joint angle (P<0·05), whereas those for the VL and VM were similar (P>0·05). These results suggest that peripheral fatigue profiles of the VI might be greater at the flexed than the extended knee joint angles, but that of VL and VM might be similar in the tested range of knee joint angles (i.e. 60°–110°) during continuous tetanic contraction induced by electrical stimulation. Therefore, greater reduction of knee extension force at the flexed knee joint angle than the extended knee joint angle may reflect fatigue development of the VI more than other quadriceps femoris components.     

The effect of a vastus lateralis tape on muscle activity during stair climbing

Recently taping techniques with the primary purpose of altering muscle activity have become a part of clinical physiotherapy practice. A firmly applied tape across the fibres of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle has been proposed to decrease the VL muscle activity. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of an inhibitory muscle tape applied over the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle during stair climbing. Twenty five subjects without lower limb pathology were recruited. Normalised integrated EMG (IEMG) was analysed from VL, vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), biceps femoris (BF) and soleus muscles during stair climbing. The subjects were assessed during three conditions: no tape (untaped), (no tension) control tape and (tensioned tape) VL inhibitory taping application. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the VL IEMG during the initial stance phase during both stair ascent and descent. The inhibition if the VL muscle occurred with both control and VL inhibitory tape applied. No significant differences (p>0.05) were noted in any of the other muscles assessed. The results demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in the IEMG of the VL both during stair ascent and descent with VL inhibitory tape and control tape applied in normal subjects.     

Comparative analysis of core muscle activation according to the use of props and the different knee angle during the modified Pilates Hundred

BackgroundThere are not so many Pilates studies related to muscle activation. Since the effectiveness and efficiency of the Pilates Hundred to muscle activation has recently emerged, it is necessary to investigate the effects of the Pilates Hundred on core muscles.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine what difference occurs in the muscle activity, during the Pilates Hundred, to suggest the optimal props for muscle function improvement and then to provide data for the efficient exercise program.MethodsTwenty-eight men in their twenties who were able to fully conduct Pilates Hundred. According to the difference between the small tool application (no prop: NP, soft ball mini: SB, Pilates ring: PR) and the knee joint angle (90° and 180°), muscle activations of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), rectus femoris (RF), lateral muscle (vastus lateralis: VL), medial muscle (vastus medialis: VM), biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (ST) were measured by the using surface electromyography (EMG) while different exercise conditions.ResultsDuring Pilates Hundred, the use of tools was found to be more effective in activating the core muscle (NP < SB < PR). During Pilates Hundred, 180° of knee angle had more influence on core muscle activation than 90°, and knee angle and props use showed an interaction for activating core muscles.ConclusionThe Pilates Hundred with PR and 180° knee angle intervention can increase core muscle activation, and this leads to effective Pilates exercise program for those who need to enhance core muscle volume and function and to rehabilitate core muscles.     

Lower Extremity and Trunk Electromyographic Muscle Activity During Performance of the Y-Balance Test on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

BackgroundThe Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) has been used as a rehabilitation exercise. To improve its efficacy, efficiency, and method variations, the Y-Balance Test (YBT) with anterior (A), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) directions of the SEBT has been recommended. Electromyographic activity has been reported to change when the same task is performed on various surfaces.Hypothesis/PurposeTo compare the EMG activity of trunk and LE muscles during the performance of the YBT on stable and unstable surfaces.Study DesignCross-Sectional study.MethodsHealthy adults with no history of chronic ankle instability were recruited for the study. Surface electromyography was collected for bilateral (ipsilateral [i] and contralateral [c]) rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EOB), erector spinae (ES). While, gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), medial hamstrings (MH), biceps femoris (BF), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), anterior tibialis (AT), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) on the stance leg (ipsilateral side), during the performance of the YBT. The unstable surface was introduced using a Thera-Band stability trainer. Differences in electromyography were examined for each reach direction and muscle between the stable and unstable surfaces (p≤ 0.05).ResultsTwenty (10 male, 10 female) subjects participated (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years, height:167 ± 1.0 cm, weight: 66.5 ± 13.0 kg, body fat: 14.1 ± 6.2%). Significantly higher muscle activity for the unstable surface (p<0.05) with moderate to large effect sizes were observed for the following muscles in the A direction: GMED, GMAX, VM, RF, and MG; PL direction: iEOB, iES, cES, GMED, BF, VM, RF, and MG; and PM direction iEOB, iES, GMED, BF, VM, and RF. Significantly higher muscle activity for the stable surface (p = 0.007) was observed in MH muscle in the A direction. No significant differences (p>0.05) between the stable and unstable surfaces were observed in iRA, cRA, cEOB, VL, and AT for any of the directions of the YBT.ConclusionAn increase in muscle activity was observed during YBT on unstable versus stable surfaces for some muscles.Level of Evidence2B     

The association between muscle EMG and perfusion in knee extensor muscles

The relationships between electromyographic (EMG) activity and force as well as muscle blood flow and work have been well established. However, the association between muscle blood flow and EMG activity remains unsolved. Thus, to test the hypothesis that muscle EMG activity relates to muscle perfusion in different compartments of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle, 12 healthy male subjects were studied. During two very submaximal exercise bouts, at different exercise intensities, oxygen labelled radiowater and positron emission tomography were used to measure muscle perfusion. In addition, produced force of knee extensors and muscle EMG activity in the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were recorded during both exercise bouts. Although the exercise intensity and average force production was higher during the second exercise bout (38 +/- 15 versus 51 +/- 17 N; P = 0.007), the mean EMG activity was lower (RF; P<0.001) or unchanged (VL; P = 0.722 and VM; P = 0.640). During the second exercise period, perfusion also remained unchanged in the entire QF muscle (P = 0.223) and in its separate muscles (VL, P = 0.703; VM, P = 0.141; RF, P = 0.113) in a group level. However, the individual changes in muscle perfusion were tightly related to changes in muscle EMG activity in VL (r = 0.84; P = 0.002) and VM (r = 0.68; P = 0.015) but poorly in the RF muscle (r = 0.40; P = 0.257). In conclusion, the different associations between muscle perfusion and EMG activity in different QF muscles suggests specific functional role of the vasti muscles and the RF muscle.     

Differences in Muscle Activities and Kinematics between Forefoot Strike and Rearfoot Strike in the Lower Limb during 180° Turns

BackgroundA forefoot strike (FFS) could be a safer landing technique than a rearfoot strike (RFS) during a cutting motion to prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.PurposeThis study aimed to determine the joint angles, ground reaction force (GRF), and muscle activity levels associated with FFS and RFS landings during 180° turns.Study designCross-sectional studyMethodsFourteen male soccer players from the University of Tsukuba football (soccer) club participated in this study. The FFS consisted of initial contact with the toes on the force plates followed by the rearfoot; meanwhile, the initial contact was performed with the heels on the force plates followed by the forefoot for the RFS. Ankle, knee, and hip joint angles were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system. GRFs were measured using a force plate. Gluteus medius (GM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) activities were measured by electromyography.ResultsThe activities of GM, GL, and ST from initial contact to early periods during landing into the ground with the FFS are larger than those with RFS. In addition, the results showed significant differences in lower-limb angles and GRFs between the FFS and RFS.ConclusionThese results suggest that there might be differences in ACL injury risk during a 180° turn between the FFS and the RFS pattern. An investigation into the grounding method that prevents injury is necessary in future studies.Levels of EvidenceLevel 3b     

髌腱末端病运动员膝关节等速向心和离心运动时股四头肌表面肌电的变化

背景:髌腱末端病是腱止点部位的微细损伤,股四头肌群中的股内侧肌与股外侧肌之间的力量平衡发生变化,可直接导致髌骨产生异常运动从而对腱止点部位产生影响.目的:比较与分析髌腱末端病运动员膝关节力学特征和股四头肌表面肌电图的变化规律,为髌腱末端病的预防与治疗提供参考依据.设计、时间及地点:病例一对照观察,于2009-06/07在苏州大学体育学院运动机能评定实验室完成.对象:选择忠有髌腱末端病的男性运动员10人为髌腱末端病组,年龄(21.44±1.51)岁.配对选择10名无膝关节伤病的运动员作为正常对照组,年龄(21.37±1.36)岁.方法:对两组受试者分别进行膝关节力量和表面肌电测试,比较与分析膝关节屈肌力矩、伸肌力矩和股四头肌表面肌电的变化.主要观察指标:①等速运动时两组对象屈伸肌力矩的比较.②两组对象股四头肌表面肌电积分值的比较.③两组对象股内侧肉和股外侧肌表面肌电积分值比率的比较.结果:向心运动和离心运动时,末端病组屈伸肌峰力矩比值显著高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),股内侧肌表面肌电积分值显著低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),两组股外侧肌和股直肌表面肌电积分值差异均无显著性意义.向心运动和离心运动时,末端病组股内侧肌,股外侧肌比值均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:髌腱末端病运动员膝关节屈肌与伸肌的力量差距较为突出,存在股内侧肌活动低下和股内侧肌与股外侧肌之间不平衡的现象.