乌菊降压丸药效学实验

目的 :对乌菊降压丸的药理作用进行实验研究。方法 :以正常血压大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR )的血压和心率为动物模型 ,观察乌菊降压丸的药效作用。空白对照组给予相应量的0 5 %羧甲基纤维素钠 ;阳性对照组给予牛黄降压丸2g/kg;实验组给予乌菊降压丸 ,高、中、低剂量分别为1 2、0 6、0 2g/kg。灌胃给药 ,qd ,连续15d。分别观察并记录给药后10、20、30、45、60、90、120、240min时的血压和心率变化。结果 :乌菊降压丸高、中剂量对SHR分别在20、30min起效 ,血压开始下降 ,心率开始减慢 ,分别维持3h和1h ,4h和2h恢复原来水平。结论 :乌菊降压丸对正常血压大鼠的血压和心率无明显影响 (P>0 05) ,但有一定降低趋势 ;对SHR连续给药15d后具有明显降压作用和减慢心率的作用 (P<0 05) ;高剂量组有较好的降压效果     

紫菜降血压肽大鼠体内降压效果研究

目的观察紫菜降血压肽对高血压大鼠(SHR)和京都Wistar大鼠(WKY)的降压效果,并与降压药物卡托普利的作用效果比较。方法分别以500、1 000和1 500 mg.kg-1剂量的紫菜降血压肽一次性给药后,每隔2 h测量大鼠收缩压(SBP),连续测量8 h;长期实验持续4 w,每天1 500 mg.kg-1灌胃一次,每隔1周测量一次SBP、心率及体重。结果 SHR给予紫菜降血压肽后,血压均显著下降;而正常血压大鼠WKY服用紫菜降血压肽后血压没有显著变化,服用卡托普利血压仍保持显著下降的趋势。结论紫菜降血压肽对SHR具有显著的降压效果,长期服用可稳定血压,对正常血压大鼠无明显影响;卡托普利对SHR的降压效果虽高于紫菜降血压肽,但会导致正常大鼠血压过低。     

养血清脑颗粒对收缩压影响的实验研究

目的研究养血清脑颗粒(降血压药)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用。方法用SHR模型和大鼠尾动脉脉搏测压法,观察养血清脑颗粒(31.5,15.8,7.8g·kg-1,每天灌胃给药)对SHR收缩血压的影响。结果单次灌服养血清脑颗粒约1h,开始显示降压作用,2~3h达最高降压效果;连续给药2周后,高剂量组与模型组比较即有显著性差异(P<0.05);给药8周后,试验组与模型组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论养血清脑颗粒有降低SHR收缩压的作用。     

广西眼镜蛇毒中降压因子对自发性高血压模型大鼠血压的影响

目的:研究从广西眼镜蛇毒中分离纯化得到的降压因子(HF)对自发性高血压模型大鼠(SHR)血压的影响。方法:将SHR和正常大鼠各随机分为空白对照组、卡托普利组及HF低、中、高3个剂量组(40、80、160μg.kg-1)共5组(n=6) ,静脉注射相应试药,采用BL-420生物信号分析系统测定大鼠收缩压。结果:静脉注射不同剂量的HF均能降低SHR和正常大鼠收缩压,低、中、高3个剂量组的最大降压值分别为20.9、23.91、30.58mmHg ,与给药前比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:广西眼镜蛇毒中HF对SHR和正常大鼠有明显的降血压作用。     

地龙降压蛋白对自发性高血压大鼠血压及血管紧张素Ⅱ含量的影响

目的初步探讨地龙降压蛋白对自发性高血压大鼠（spontaneously hypertension rat,SHR）的降压作用及对血管紧张素Ⅱ（angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ）含量的影响。方法应用专利技术从中药地龙中提取地龙降压蛋白,并测定其体外ACE抑制活性。单次静脉注射地龙降压蛋白,颈动脉插管法观察SHR血压的动态变化。选择16周龄SHR32只随机分为SHR模型组、地龙降压蛋白低剂量组、地龙降压蛋白高剂量组、卡托普利组,同时以同源性Wistar大鼠8只作为正常对照组,药物干预28d,用无创尾动脉套袖法测量大鼠血压变化;放射免疫分析法测定大鼠血浆及肾脏局部AngⅡ含量。选择昆明种小鼠60只,以不同剂量腹腔注射给药测定地龙降压蛋白的半数致死量。结果①地龙降压蛋白对ACE的比抑制活力为2.54;②单次及多次给药,地龙降压蛋白均可明显降低SHR血压（P〈0.05）;③药物干预后,与SHR模型组比较,地龙降压蛋白组血浆AngⅡ含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,而肾脏局部AngⅡ虽有所下降,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;④地龙降压蛋白对昆明小鼠的半数致死量〉20g/kg。结论地龙降压蛋白对SHR有降压作用,其降压机制可能与降低血浆及肾脏局部组织中AngⅡ含量有关。     

中族山绿茶降压片治疗高血压病120例疗效观察

目的观察中族山绿茶降压片的降压疗效及不良反应.方法采用随机双盲复方降压素片对照的临床试验.结果中族山绿茶降压片组疗效百分比高于对照组(降压疗效为89.2%比70%,P＜0.05,症状疗效为94.2%比60%,P＜0.05).结论与对照组相比,中族山绿茶降压片不仅能有效地降低血压,而且未见明显的副作用.     

柠檬总提取物对正常大鼠及SHR血压、血脂影响的实验研究

目的:研究安岳柠檬总提取物对正常及自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压、血脂水平的影响.方法:柠檬总提取物6.0 g·kg-1、3.6g·kg-1、2.16 g·kg-1连续灌胃给药21 d,颈动脉插管法观察对正常大鼠血压的影响,测定血清葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)含量;连续灌胃给药28 d,分别于给药7、14、21、28 d无创法测定SHR的血压,测定给药28 d后血清GLU、TG、TC含量.结果:柠檬总提取物6.0 g·kg-1对正常麻醉大鼠具有降血压作用,但对SHR血压无显著影响;各剂量组对正常大鼠、SHR血清TG含量有显著降低作用.结论:柠檬总提取物具有明确的降低TG含量作用,改善血脂代谢;其降血压作用的发挥可能与给药途径有关,有待进一步验证.     

降压避风片新老配方药理作用比较研究

目的 比较降压避风片新老配方的降压效果及作用特点.方法 选用原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)及其对照性WKY大鼠进行对比试验.实验动物分为8组:WKY大鼠组、SHR对照组、降压避风片老配方组高、中、低剂量(1.00、0.50、0.25 g药粉/kg)组、降压避风片新配方高、中、低剂量(1.00、0.50、0.25 g药粉/kg)组.降压试验采用大鼠无创血压测定仪对大鼠尾动脉进行血压测定,分为急性降压作用试验和慢性降压验.急性降压测定给药前、给药后1、3 h血压值;慢性降压测定连续给药后6、11、14 d血压值.连续给药14 d后,进行大鼠心脏超声心动试验,监测大鼠室间隔厚度、左室内径、左室后壁、射血分数、左室短轴缩短率、左心室心肌质量、左心室容量等;后腹主动脉取血,分别测定血清NO、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、尿素、肌酐、葡萄糖、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白和血浆内皮素、肾素活性及血管紧张素Ⅱ含量.结果 急性降压试验:各剂量组均可显著降低药后3 h的收缩压(P <0.01),新老配方相应剂量间无显著差异;慢性降压试验:SHR组心率显著快于WKY组,用药后,各剂量组均无显著降低心率的效果.结论 新老配方均可平稳降低SHR血压,降压作用确切.     

微波辅助萃取鱼腥草中总黄酮的工艺研究

目的对鱼腥草进行微波辅助处理,考察微波作用对鱼腥草总黄酮提取的影响。方法实验中以总黄酮的提取量为考察指标,考察微波功率、微波作用时间、溶剂用量、水浸泡时间等因素的影响。结果鱼腥草用微波火力640w、微波作用时间5min、固液比1：40（g/ml）及浸泡时间60min,鱼腥草中总黄酮的提取效果最佳。结论本实验所用方法为鱼腥草总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件。     

正交试验优选柴胡微波炮制工艺

目的:优化醋制柴胡的微波炮制新工艺。方法:采用正交试验,以柴胡皂苷b2和总皂苷含量为评价指标,以醋用量、微波热力、加热时间、药材铺叠厚度为考察因素,确定最佳微波炮制工艺。结果:最佳的炮制工艺为醋用量20kg,微波热力60%,加热时间6min,铺叠厚度1cm。结论:该方法简单、可行,易于控制,可作为醋制柴胡的新方法。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法对中药山绿茶化学成分分析

目的 建立测定山绿茶提取物化学成分的超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析方法.方法 采用Agilent poroshell SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,2.7 μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,进行负离子扫描采集数据,通过Agilent Qualitative Analysis数据分析定性软件,进行色谱峰的提取和匹配.结果 通过质谱信息并结合对照品与相关文献、数据库分析检索,共鉴别出27个化合物.结论 该方法能够快速、灵敏、全面地分析山绿茶提取物的化学成分,为阐明山绿茶的药效物质基础提供有力的证据.     

附子新型炮制品对阳虚小鼠耳廓微循环的影响

目的 探索附子新型炮制品对阳虚小鼠耳廓微循环的影响。方法 实验设空白组、模型组、4个炮制品给药组[黑顺片组、高温炮制品组、高压炮制品组、微波炮制品组,每组设高、中、低3个剂量(0.75,3.00,5.63 g·kg^-1)],连续灌胃给药9 d,于末次给药24 h后,用显微测微尺测量耳廓静脉与动脉血管管径及毛细血管网交叉点数等,并根据炮制品生物碱含量分析其量效关系。结果 与模型组比较,除微波炮制品0.75 g·kg^-1组动脉管径外,各给药组小鼠耳廓动脉与静脉管径均有不同程度增加,毛细血管网交叉点数逐渐变大(P<0.05),并与剂量大小呈正相关;与黑顺片组比较,高压炮制品5.63 g·kg^-1剂量组静脉管径显著增加(P<0.05);4个炮制品给药组相同剂量比较,高压炮制品组动脉管径、静脉管径和毛细血管网交叉点数值均最高。结论 附子高压炮制品能显著增强阳虚小鼠耳廓微循环,其作用优于黑顺片、高温炮制品和微波炮制品。     

正交试验优选酒黄连微波炮制工艺

目的:优选酒黄连微波炮制的最佳工艺。方法:以小檗碱、巴马汀、黄连碱、表小檗碱、小檗红碱、巴马红汀的含量及其综合评分为指标,在单因素试验基础上,以微波强度、微波时间、黄酒加入量为考察因素,采用正交试验优选工艺。结果:最佳工艺为微波强度70%、微波时间1min、黄酒加入量30%。结论:所选工艺简便、易控,可以缩短炮制时间,可用于酒黄连的炮制。     

硝苯地平注射液的实验动物药效学和临床验证

目的：研究硝苯地平注射液的实验动物药效学并作临床验证。方法：采用自发性高血压大鼠和肾性高血压犬,单次静脉滴入不同剂量的硝苯地平注射液;120例中、重度高血压患者分为2组,一组给予硝苯地平注射液4mg;另一组给予地尔硫Zhuo注射液50mg,iv gtt,单次。结果：硝苯地平注射液单次静脉滴注对自发性高血压大鼠和肾性高血压犬有明显的降低作用,其降压作用强度与剂量相关,在5min内产生迅速的降压作用。硝苯地平注射液组治疗高血压的有效率为91.7%,地尔硫Zhuo注射液组有效率为88.3%,2组的不良反应均能耐受,无因不良反应而退出试验。结论：硝苯地平注射治疗中、重度高血压临床疗效确切、作用迅速,是一种可选择的抗急性高血压的制剂。     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠内皮素和肾素-血管紧张素水平的对照研究

目的：动物实验观察氯沙坦的降压效果及其对血浆内皮素（ET），肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ)的影响。方法：24只雄性16周龄的自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）分为生理盐水（NS）组，氯沙坦（L）组和西拉普利（C）组，另用8只同龄雄性WKY大鼠对照，观察用药12周前后的血压，ET，肾素活性和AngⅡ水平。结果：与NS，C组比较，氯沙坦降压效果明显，与NS组比较，血浆ET水平在L组和C组均有明显下降，血浆肾素活性在L组明显升,AngⅡ水平，L组明显升高，而C组有所下降，结论：氯沙坦和西拉普利具有相似的降压效果。氯沙坦和西拉普利均使血管内皮细胞分泌的ET减少，西拉普利使AngⅡ水平降低，而氯沙坦使血浆AngⅡ水平升高，较高的血浆AngⅡ水平对组织器官的影响，有待进一步研究。     

Differential amino acid transmission in the locus coeruleus of Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

In addition to differences in their blood pressure, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are known to differ in their emotional behaviour. The neurochemistry underlying these differences is not well understood. In the present study the release rates of the two main regulatory amino acids in the locus coeruleus, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were monitored in WKY rats and SHR to investigate whether basal and/or challenged neurotransmission differs between these strains. The strains differed in their basal blood pressure (WKY 102±2 mmHg, SHR 140±4 mmHg), as well as in their emotional behaviour, since WKY rats displayed enhanced anxiety-related behaviour in the open field test (time in centre: WKY 197±40 s/30 min, SHR 741±93 s/30 min). Basal glutamate and GABA release rates did not differ between WKY rats and SHR. A rise in blood pressure induced by intravenous infusion of noradrenaline for 10 min enhanced GABA release in WKY rats by 60%, while no effect was observed in SHR. Glutamate release did not respond to experimental hypertension in both strains. Intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside led to a fall in blood pressure, which was less pronounced and was of shorter duration in WKY rats than in SHR. The depressor response had no effect on amino acid release in the locus coeruleus of both strains. Mild stress induced by noise or tail pinch led to slight rises in arterial blood pressure (10 mmHg and 20 mmHg respectively), which were similar in WKY rats and SHR. Tail pinch enhanced the release rates of glutamate and GABA in the locus coeruleus of WKY rats and SHR; however, no strain differences were noted. Noise stress did not significantly influence amino acid release. These findings demonstrate that SHR and WKY rats differ in GABAergic neurotransmission, which is revealed in response to specific cardiovascular challenges, but not to mild stressors. The observed lack of GABA response to blood pressure elevation in SHR may reflect a disturbed mechanism counteracting high blood pressure, possibly contributing to hypertension in this strain.     

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during chronic administration of a theophylline derivative (P-23)

Chronic hypertension causes the lower and upper limits of CBF autoregulation to reset to higher blood pressure levels. In the present study we examined whether the theophylline derivative P-23, which had lowered blood pressure in SHR, would influence CBF autoregulation. P-23 (10 mg/kg po) was administered once daily for 4 weeks and tail systolic pressure was measured weekly in this P-23 group and in a control group of SHR. At the end of the treatment period, CBF autoregulation was studied. CBF was determined using the intracarotid 133Xe injection method in halothane/nitrous oxide anesthetised animals. The lower and upper limits of autoregulation were studied in two subgroups of rats by, either raising blood pressure (MAP) stepwise with norepinephrine or lowering MAP stepwise by controlled bleeding and measuring CBF at MAP intervals of 10 mmHg. In the P-23-treated group, blood pressure fell significantly but in the control group, blood pressure increased slightly. The lower part of the autoregulation curve was shifted towards lower pressure in the treated group and the lower limit of autoregulation was significantly different from that in the control. The upper limit of autoregulation was above 180 mmHg in both groups. The beneficial effect of P-23 on CBF autoregulation should be taken into consideration during chronic administration in clinical studies in man.