Isolated congenital tracheal stenosis in a preterm newborn

Severe tracheal stenosis, resulting in functional atresia of the trachea is a rare congenital malformation with an estimated occurrence of two in 100,000 newborns. If no esophagotracheal fistula is present to allow for spontaneous breathing, this condition is usually fatal. We report on a male infant born at 32 weeks of gestation. The patient presented with respiratory distress immediately after delivery due to severe congenital tracheal stenosis resulting in functional atresia of the trachea. Endotracheal intubation failed and even emergency tracheotomy did not allow ventilation of the patient lungs. The patient finally succumbed to prolonged hypoxia due to functional tracheal atresia. The etiology of tracheal atresia and tracheal stenosis is still unclear, but both conditions are frequently combined with other anomalies of the VACTERL (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiovascular anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, renal/radial anomalies and limb defects) and TACRD (tracheal agenesis, cardiac, renal and duodenal malformations) association. Conclusion Successful treatment of severe congenital tracheal stenosis and tracheal atresia depends on either prenatal diagnosis or recognition of this condition immediately after birth to perform tracheotomy without delay. Nevertheless, despite any efforts, the therapeutical results of severe tracheal stenosis and tracheal atresia are still unsatisfactory.     

Severe congenital absence of skin in a preterm infant

A severe case of aplasia cutis congenita in a preterm infant is described. Although major problems with thermoregulation and fluid balance were anticipated, these parameters were relatively easy to control once the patient was stabilized. Meticulous skin care and rapid formation of a membranous-like fibrous tissue layer covering the denuded areas probably played an important role in minimizing excessive fluid and heat loss. The prognosis in aplasia cutis congenita is determined by the underlying associated anomalies, the severity of skin lesions and, in our case, the maturity of the infant who died from complications of prematurity.     

Cholelithiasis in a preterm infant

A case of cholelithiasis in a preterm infant is described. The baby survived for 105 days, during which time she received multiple blood transfusions. Three pigment stones were found in the gallbladder at necropsy. It is suggested that they were a consequence of an excessive bilirubin load, the result of maintaining the hemoglobin above physiological levels.     

Tuberculous otitis media in a four-month-old infant

Tuberculosis of the middle ear is currently a rare disease but still occurs and may cause permanent hearing loss. A four-month-old infant with chronic left-ear drainage was diagnosed with tuberculous otitis media by biopsy examination and PPD positivity without BCG. He was treated successfully with antituberculous therapy. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic ear infection, especially in young infants.     

Neonatal tooth in a preterm infant

A neonatal tooth is defined as a tooth, which erupts within the first month of life. Herein, we report a premature infant with a neonatal tooth.     

Congenital malaria in a preterm infant

Abstract:   A case of congenital malaria in a preterm newborn infant is presented. The case illustrates the difficulty of early diagnosis, and the atypical nature of presentation in a preterm infant.     

早产儿内源性真菌性眼内炎1例报道

<正>患儿男,因早产生后2 h入院。患儿系第1胎第1产,孕31周,因胎膜早破128 h行剖宫产娩出,出生体重2050 g,出生时脐带水肿,绕颈1周,羊水量少,微浑,生后Apgar评分均10分。生后即因早产、反应差转入我科监护治疗。母亲有阴道炎病史     

Acute triclofos poisoning in a preterm infant

A preterm infant with accidental triclofos sodium poisoning is described. He developed deep coma, severe hypothermia, mild by hypotension and lack of the primitive and deep tendon reflexes. During recovery, the primitive reflexes were the last to appear. The natural course of triclofos poisoning, and its influence on the immature central nervous system of the preterm infant are discussed.     

Chloral hydrate toxicity in a preterm infant

Ventilator care in premature infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) may be complicated by episodes of irritability and "fighting" the respirator, resulting in significant hypoxemia. Neuromuscular blockade with pharmacologic agents such as pancuronium bromide is frequently used to manage this problem [Crone and Favorito, 1980]. This therapy results in the loss of important clinical signs, such as alterations in muscle tone and spontaneous movements, which are important in monitoring the critically ill newborn. As a result of these considerations, we occasionally have utilized the sedative-hypnotic effects of chloral hydrate to achieve adequate ventilation and oxygenation in these infants. We report, however, a case of a preterm infant who developed severe chloral hydrate toxicity after its administration as an adjunct to the treatment of HMD.     

Functional atrioventricular block in a preterm infant

A case of functional second degree atrioventricular block is reported in a preterm infant secondary to early onset hypocalcaemia. An infusion of 10% calcium gluconate rapidly corrected the arrhythmia.     

Congenital Candida pneumonia in a preterm infant

A 24 week gestation survivor of congenital Candida pneumonia who received prompt antifungal treatment and modern neonatal intensive care is reported. It was an unusual case in that fungal chorioamnionitis occurred without a foreign body in the maternal genital tract. Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital fungal pneumonia was possible because of prior knowledge of the obstetric history. Amphotericin B was successfully used for the treatment of this condition but combination with fluconazole (a fungistatic agent) was unsatisfactory and may be undesirable. Dexamethasone therapy to assist extubation was instituted once the fungal infection had been successfully controlled.     

Phycomycotic abscesses in a preterm infant.

We report a case of neonatal infection with rhizopus, one of the Mucoraceae family. Human infection is rare but the mortality is high without prompt, correct treatment. The infant had a simultaneous candida septicaemia secondary to colonisation of a central venous line. Serial C reactive protein estimations are valuable in monitoring treatment.     

Selective bronchial intubation in a preterm infant with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and pulmonary air leak syndrome

A preterm infant with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) who developed a right‐sided pulmonary air leak syndrome (pulmonary interstitial emphysema and bronchopleural fistula) following CCAM resection is reported. The pulmonary air leak syndrome was successfully ameliorated by intubating the right mainstem bronchus using a modified endotracheal tube that allowed selective ventilation of the left lung. The procedure was used successfully as rescue treatment to control the pulmonary air leak and to confirm the functional adequacy of the left lung prior to definitive operative surgery.