趋化因子受体CXCR3在胃癌中的表达

近年来，趋化凶子及其受体在肿瘤转移中的作用引起了重视，但有关趋化因子受体CXCR3在胃癌中的表达尚无报道。目的：检测胃癌组织和细胞系中CXCR3在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达，为进一步研究其在胃癌转移中的作用奠定基础。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测胃癌细胞系CXCR3 mRNA的表达．蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)检测胃癌组织和细胞系CXCR3蛋白的表达．流式细胞仪检测胃癌细胞系表面CXCR3的表达。结果：在所检测的胃癌组织中．CXCR3蛋白的表达量明显高于相应癌旁组织。所检测的胃癌细胞系均有CXCR3mRNA和CXCR3蛋白表达，但仅KAT011I细胞表面CXCR3的表达较明显。永生化胃上皮细胞系GES-1的CXCR3蛋白表达量明显低于胃癌细胞系。结论：胃癌细胞系有CXCR3表达．胃癌组织中CXCR3的表达高于癌旁组织。     

MAL基因在胃癌组织中的甲基化及其mRNA的表达

目的:研究MAL基因在胃癌和癌旁组织中的甲基化状态及其mRNA表达.方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)和实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测37例人胃癌组织及对应癌旁5 cm组织中MAL基因的甲基化状态和mRNA表达,并分别将其与各临床病理指标进行统计学分析.结果:37例胃癌组织中MAL基因甲基化率为78.4%.对应37例癌旁组织中MAL基因甲基化率为5.4%.癌组织与癌旁组织的甲基化率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).胃癌组织中MAL基因甲基化状态与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、有无淋巴结转移、胃癌分化程度、临床分期无统计学意义(P>0.05).在胃癌组织与对应癌旁组织中MAL基因mRNA定量表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),胃癌组织中MAL基因mRNA定量表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、胃癌分化程度、有无淋巴结转移、有无神经束浸润及肿瘤TNM分期无相关(P>0.05).结论:胃癌组织中MAL基因表达缺失或低下,并且存在高甲基化率,MAL基因发生甲基化可能与胃癌发生有关.     

趋化因子受体CCR7在结直肠癌中的异常表达

目的: 检测趋化因子受体CCR7在结直肠癌中的表达状态,探讨CCR7在结直肠癌发病中的作用.方法:采用免疫组化检测标本中CCR7蛋白表达,逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)检测CCR7mRNA表达,Western blotting检测结肠癌细胞CCR7蛋白表达.结果:45例结直肠癌组织标本检出CCR7 mRNA表达,而其相应的癌旁组织中12例检出(x2=34.44,P<0.01).34例结直肠癌组织标本检出CCR7蛋白表达,其相应的癌旁组织中,则有6例检出(x2=28.51,P<0.01).结肠癌细胞SW-480中CCR7mRNA和蛋白表达显著,而在HT-29中表达较弱.结论:CCR7参与结直肠癌的发病过程,其表达与结直肠癌转移有关.     

血管紧张素转移酶mRNA在胃癌中的表达

目的 定量分析血管紧张素转移酶(ACE)mRNA在胃癌组织和癌旁组织的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用实时荧光定量PCR检测34例胃癌组织及对应癌旁组织ACE mRNA表达水平,分析其与分化程度、临床分期和转移状态等临床病理特征的相关性.结果 ACE mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(P=0.003).胃癌组织ACE mRNA表达与分化程度、临床分期和转移状态等临床病理特征无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 ACE mRNA在胃癌组织中呈明显高表达,提示其与胃癌的发病密切相关.     

胃癌组织中CXCL12、CXCR4的表达及意义

目的 探讨胃癌组织中趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4蛋白表达与肿瘤浸润、转移的关系.方法 选择胃癌患者50例,取其癌组织和癌旁正常组织标本,应用免疫组化SP方法,检测CXCL12及CXCR4在胃癌组织、正常黏膜及转移淋巴结中的表达情况.结果 与正常黏膜相比,CXCL12和CXCR4在胃癌组织中的表达升高(P＜0.01),胃癌有淋巴结转移者较无淋巴结转移者表达升高(P＜0.01).结论 胃癌组织中CXCL12与CXCR4的高表达与胃癌的浸润及淋巴结转移有关;CXCL12和CXCR4检测可作为判断胃癌预后的一项指标.     

Wnt信号通路靶基因GS mRNA及蛋白在胃癌中的表达

目的: 探讨Wnt信号通路的靶基因GS mRNA及蛋白在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法: 荧光实时定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测52例胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织GS mRNA表达;免疫组织化学技术(SP法)检测97例胃癌组织、30例癌旁正常组织及10例肠化生组织中GS蛋白表达水平差异.结果: 癌组织和癌旁正常组织GS mRNA表达有显著差异(25.508±5.090 vs 13.001±2.040,P<0.05). 癌组织GS蛋白表达与组织学类型、Lauren分型及淋巴结转移密切相关(χ2= 26.994,54.929,5.173,均P<0.05),与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、远处转移及患者的性别和年龄等无明显相关.结论: GS mRNA和蛋白高表达同胃癌生物学行为密切相关,可能与胃癌的发生、发展及预后有关.     

胰腺癌及胰腺星状细胞中基质细胞衍生因子SDF-1及其受体CXCR4的表达

目的 检测基质细胞衍生因子(SDF-1)及其受体CXCR4在胰腺癌组织、细胞株及星状细胞(PSC)中的表达.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法 检测37例胰腺癌及10例癌旁正常胰腺组织SDF-1、CXCR4、α-SMA蛋白表达以及细胞株AsPC-1、PSC的SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达.RT-PCR检测AsPC-1、BxPC3、SW1990及PSC的SDF-1、CXCR4 mRNA表达.结果 37例胰腺癌CXCR4表达(+)8例、(++)20例、(+++)9例;10例癌旁正常胰腺组织CXCR4表达(-)2例、(+)7例、(++)1例,两者差异显著(P<0.01).胰腺癌的间质组织SDF-1的表达高于癌旁间质组织(P<0.01),并随α-SMA表达的增加而增加.胰腺癌细胞株AsPC-1有CXCR4蛋白表达,而PSC有SDF-1蛋白表达.AsPC-1、BxPC3、SW1990细胞株均有CXCR4 mRNA的表达,而无SDF-1 mRNA的表达;PSC有SDF-1 mRNA表达,CXCR4 mRNA微弱表达.结论 胰腺癌组织及细胞系表达CXCR4,PSC表达SDF-1,PSC有可能通过SDF-1/CXCR4轴促进胰腺癌的侵袭转移.     

INPP4B基因在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:本研究通过检测人类胃癌组织及相应的癌旁组织中Ⅱ型多磷酸肌醇4-磷酸酶(inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase typeⅡ,INPP4B)的mRNA及蛋白表达情况,分析其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系,探讨其在胃癌发生发展中的意义.方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR法(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)及免疫组织化学SP法检测50例胃癌患者的癌组织及相应的癌旁组织(距癌组织边缘5 cm)中INPP4B mRNA及蛋白表达情况.并分析INPP4B表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系.结果:q RT-PCR结果显示,胃癌组织中INPP4B mRNA表达均明显低于相应的癌旁组织(P0.01).免疫组织化学结果显示胃癌组织中INPP4B蛋白的表达阳性率明显低于相应癌旁组织的阳性率(28.0%vs 82.0%,P0.01).INPP4B mRNA及蛋白表达与胃癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期密切相关(P0.01),而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤直径无关(P0.05).结论:INPP4B mRNA及蛋白均在胃癌组织中表达下调,与胃癌的分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期密切相关;INPP4B可能在胃癌中起着抑癌基因的作用,其研究可能为胃癌的治疗提供新的方向.     

TMPRSS4在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 检测Ⅱ型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶4( TMPRSS4)在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 采用实时PCR法和蛋白质印迹法检测16例胰腺癌和配对癌旁组织TMPRSS4 mRNA和蛋白表达;采用免疫组织化学法检测61例胰腺癌标本、26例配对癌旁组织、4例正常胰腺组织TMPRSS4蛋白的表达,分析其与临床病理特征的相关性.结果 胰腺癌组织TMPRSS4mRNA和蛋白表达明显高于配对癌旁组织(9.09±7.01比1.27±0.72;1.223±0.125比0.667 ±0.106,P值均＜0.01),胰腺癌组织TMPRSS4蛋白阳性表达率为67.2％ (41/61),显著高于癌旁组织3.8％ (1/26)的阳性表达率(P＜0.01).正常胰腺组织未见TMPRSS4蛋白表达.胰腺癌TMPRSS4表达与患者年龄、性别及肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小无关,而与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期密切相关(P值均＜0.05).结论 胰腺癌组织高表达TMPRSS4,其表达与肿瘤的恶性程度相关.     

趋化因子受体CCR7在胃癌组织和细胞株中过度表达

背景:趋化因子受体CCR7高表达与肿瘤淋巴结转移等因素密切相关。目的:检测CCR7在胃癌组织和细胞株中的表达情况,探讨CCR7在胃癌中的作用。方法:采用实时PCR技术检测30例胃癌组织及其配对癌旁组织中的CCR7 mRNA表达,RT-PCR检测人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和AGS中的CCR7 mRNA表达。分析胃癌组织中的CCR7mRNA表达与胃癌临床病理特征间的相关性。结果:CCR7 mRNA在胃癌组织中的表达水平显著高于其配对癌旁组织(P0.05),人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901和AGS中均存在明显CCR7 mRNA表达。CCR7 mRNA表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期相关(P0.05)。结论:CCR7在胃癌中存在过度表达,可能参与了胃癌的进展过程。     

The cancer registry in cancer control

The sole justification for a cancer registry is that use is made of its data. The information stored and produced by a cancer registry forms the scientific basis for planning and organization of the treatment and prevention of cancer in the community. Its data can also be used in the testing of various hypotheses concerning the aetiology and biology of malignant neoplasms and it may also give rise to various new hypotheses.     

Causes of cancer and cancer prevention

Current understanding of the complex processes of cancer causation through a study of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis have documented that there are several major steps each, with distinct quantitative risk assessment factors. The first series of steps, defined by genotoxicity, deal with the assessment of the type of genotoxic carcinogen and its metabolism, leading to a DNA- and macromolecular-reactive species. A second area concerns the rate of cell duplication, important in leading to cell transformation to an early neoplastic state. The third key area explores agents that bear on a further development and growth of the transformed cells, an area that has quite distinct dose-response relationships from the first type. Therefore, modulation of the third area provides excellent means of control. In addition, of course, the optimal means is avoiding exposure to genotoxic carcinogens.     

糖尿病与胰腺癌、肝癌和结肠癌的关系及内在联系

糖尿病和糖耐量异常,切除胰腺癌后糖尿病改善,胰岛素需求量减少,对这类患者而言,糖尿病可以是胰腺癌的早期表现,因为胰腺癌与糖尿病的发生有明显的时间关联。这些患者多数年龄较大且无糖尿病家族史,体重指数在正常范围或有体重减轻,不肥胖,高血糖不稳定,需胰岛素治疗且很快发     

Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease and remains one of the most resistant cancers to traditional therapies. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed, particularly immunotherapy, which has shown promise in numerous animal model studies. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been used in clinical trials for various cancers, including PC, because DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cell (APC), which are capable of priming naive T cells and stimulating memory T cells to generate antigen-specific responses. In this paper, we review the preclinical and clinical efforts towards the application of DCs for PC.     

Familial history of cancer and lung cancer

There are many studies supporting the family history in lung cancer. In this study, we observed 1500 with lung cancer cases diagnosed between the years 1995-2000 in our clinic, and investigated family tendency of lung cancer in a control group including partners of 600 patients with family history of cancer. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 100 patients with lung cancer, and with first degree relatives of the other 1400 patients with lung cancer. There were 600 positive family history of cancer. Control populations were matches of the cancer patients with positive family history of cancer. Cases and controls were asked to report on their family history of cancer, as well as smoking status of family members. In conclusion, in 40% of 1500 patients with lung cancer, there was positive family history of lung cancer with regard to malignity. This positive family history of cancer was consisted of 51.8% lung cancer, 35.5% digestive cancer and 12.7% other cancers such as breast, larynx, prostate and bone. In control group, the value of the positive family history of lung cancer with regard to malignity was 5.0% (p< 0.001). These results support the hypothesis of a genetic susceptibility by showing that the patients with lung cancer have significantly more positive family history of lung cancer and digestive cancer.     

The cancer registry in cancer control--a review

The author reviews key elements in the contribution of the cancer registry to cancer control. A cancer registry always requires the direct or indirect cooperation of the medical profession in the reporting of new cancer cases and it must in return provide services which the physician can use in the care of cancer patients. Survival of patients can be assessed and treatment evaluated for the entire reporting area and not just for selected groups. Projections of the needs for future material and manpower resources can be made on the basis of data collected by the registry. The cancer registry is also in an ideal position to monitor the efficacy of screening programs. Data collected by the registry are the basis for epidemiologic investigations. The magnitude of the cancer problem can be measured and variation by time and place identified. The origin of cancer can be studied by a variety of epidemiologic approaches using data from the cancer registry. Should a suspected etiologic factor be altered in the environment the impact of the intervention may be followed using trend data from the registry. The linkage if individual records is essential if the registry is to function accurately and efficiently. Appropriate safeguards for the confidentiality of medical data must be insured. Adequate staffing with persons interested in and able to undertake the analysis and interpretation of the data collected is a must if the cancer registry is to live up to its potential.     

Colorectal cancer in hereditary breast cancer kindreds

PURPOSE: This study compared characteristics of colorectal cancer between families with dominant breast cancer inheritance and the general population. The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer was also studied in genetically determined breast cancer syndrome subjects with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and compared with the general population. METHODS: Subjects included 42 patients with colorectal cancer from 32 clinically determined hereditary breast cancer kindreds based on the autosomal dominant inheritance of breast cancers and early age of onset. The general population colorectal cancer cohort was composed of 755 patients from a tumor registry. Lifetime risk of colorectal cancer was determined in 164 BRCA1 and 88 BRCA2 gene mutation carriers and compared with the general population. Mean age of colorectal cancer onset, anatomic site distribution, histologic stage at presentation, and five year stage-stratified survival rates were compared between clinically determined hereditary breast cancer family members and the general population. RESULTS: The lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in male BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers was 5.6 percent, which was not different from 6 percent in males from the general population. Likewise, the lifetime colorectal cancer risk in female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers was 3.2 percent, which was not different from 5.9 percent in females from the general population. Mean age of onset ± standard error for patients with colorectal cancer was 60±2 years for hereditary breast cancer kindreds compared with 67±0.4 years for the general population (P=0.0004). Colorectal cancer site distribution did not vary between hereditary breast cancer and the general population. Overall colorectal cancer stage distribution was significantly different, with more Stage I and fewer Stage IV cancers in subjects with hereditary breast cancer compared with the general population (P=0.01). Overall five year stage-stratified colorectal cancer survival rate ± standard error was 66±8 percent for hereditary breast cancer kindreds and 46±2 percent for the general population (P=0.023). CONCLUSION: Lifetime cumulative colorectal cancer incidence in subjects with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations was not different from the general population. However, significant differences in colorectal cancer were noted between hereditary breast cancer family members and the general population. Hereditary breast cancer-associated colorectal cancer had an earlier age of onset, lower tumor stage, and better survival rate than the general population. Except for age of onset, colorectal cancer in hereditary breast cancer kindreds exhibited more favorable characteristics than colorectal cancer in the general population.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, San Antonio, Texas, May 2 to 7, 1998.     

Pancreatic cancer: progress in cancer therapy

Pancreatic cancer continues to be a highly lethal disease. In fact the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 4% and has hardly improved over the past two decades. Surgery is the only potential curative treatment, but the majority of patients have an unresectable disease at the diagnosis. After the demonstration in 1997 that gemcitabine could lead to an improvement in clinical benefit and overall survival this chemotherapy agent became the standard of care for advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Several authors tried to improve results obtained with single agent gemcitabine by exploring the activity of novel chemotherapy on biologically targeted agents in combination with gemcitabine. Unfortunately, global findings were often disappointing with only a marginally significant survival benefit. New treatment strategies and a more careful evaluation of innovative therapies are clearly needed for this disease. In this review we will focus on treatment strategies both in resectable and advanced pancreatic cancer.