妊娠急性脂肪肝35例临床分析

目的探讨妊娠急性脂肪肝（acute fatty liver of pregnancy,AFLP）的早期诊断方法和治疗原则。方法回顾性分析了1999年1月至2009年12月在北京地坛医院收治的35例AFLP患者的临床资料,并全部进行了随访。结果 AFLP临床表现以消化道症状、肝损害、凝血功能障碍为主要特征,严重者伴多脏器功能受损。孕产妇及围产儿结局：3例孕产妇死亡,5例围产儿死亡。结论早期诊断和及时终止妊娠,加强支持疗法及综合治疗是关键,可有效地降低母婴死亡率。     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝34例临床分析

目的分析妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的发病特点、诊断要点及预后, 指导AFLP孕妇的管理。方法收集2009年1月至2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院收治的34例AFLP孕妇的临床资料, 对其一般情况、诊断特点、治疗情况及母儿预后等进行回顾性分析。结果本院AFLP的发生率为0.022%(34/152 383), 发病年龄为(30.6±4.9)岁, 诊断孕周为(35.3±2.4)周, 多数以妊娠晚期不明原因的消化道症状为首发症状(53%, 18/34), 并伴有不同程度的肝酶水平升高。97%(33/34)采用剖宫产术终止妊娠;产前明确诊断的孕妇仅有1例经产妇阴道分娩, 其母儿预后好。5例产妇转重症监护病房, 其中2例急性肾功能衰竭, 1例消化道出血, 2例弥漫性血管内凝血, 但无孕产妇死亡。2例新生儿重度窒息。结论应重视妊娠晚期的消化道症状, 同时了解AFLP临床表现的多样性, 以早期发现;AFLP一经诊断, 尽快终止妊娠, 以改善母儿结局。     

妊娠急性脂肪肝11例早期诊治分析

目的 探讨妊娠急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的早期诊断方法和处理原则.方法 对四川大学华西第二医院2003年1月至2006年12月收治的11例AFLP病例进行回顾性分析.结果 (1)临床表现患者出现恶心、呕吐、厌食、乏力、黄疸等临床表现;(2)实验室检查肝功异常丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)轻到中度升高,总胆红素、直接胆红素明显升高,白蛋白降低;肾功异常肌酐、尿素氮明显升高;凝血功能障碍凝血酶原时间延长、血小板降低、DIC;其他部分患者白细胞增高,血糖降低;(3)影像学检查超声诊断AFLP9例.CT诊断AFLP2例;(4)孕产妇及围生儿结局孕产妇死亡1例;围生儿死亡1例.结论 早期诊断和及时终止妊娠,并加强支持疗法是治疗AFLP的关键,可有效降低母婴死亡率.     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝的诊断与治疗

妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)是妊娠晚期一种特发性的严重并发症,孕产妇及围产儿死亡率高。该病缺乏特异性临床表现,需与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症等相鉴别,早期易误诊。肝活检是诊断AFLP的金标准,但根据病史、临床表现结合实验室及影像学检查,不必肝脏穿刺也可以做出临床诊断。迅速终止妊娠并给予支持治疗是主要治疗措施,对改善AFLP患者母胎结局至关重要。     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝9例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的临床特点,以便早期诊断和及时治疗。方法:对近10年我院收治的9例AFLP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:所有患者白细胞及尿酸均升高,8例纤维蛋白原降低,8例转氨酶升高,7例胆红素升高,7例空腹血糖降低,6例尿素氮升高,5例血肌酐升高,5例白蛋白降低,5例血小板降低、凝血时间延长。孕产妇治愈8例,死亡1例,死亡率为11%,11例围生儿中,存活7例,死亡4例,死亡率为36%。结论:对高危人群行产前筛查,可降低AFLP发病率;早期诊断、尽快终止妊娠和支持治疗是提高AFLP母儿预后的关键。     

妊娠期急性脂肪肝21例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的临床特点。方法:对我院21例AFLP患者的临床表现、治疗及预后进行回顾性分析。结果:AFLP的临床表现以肝损害为主伴多器官功能受损。轻型组10例,无死亡。重型组11例,死亡2例。结论:早诊断、及时终止妊娠,积极支持治疗,多学科合作抢救多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)是降低AFLP死亡率的关键。     

深圳地区妊娠期急性脂肪肝的发病状况与母婴结局

目的了解深圳地区妊娠期急性脂肪肝(AFLP)的发病率、临床特点及母婴结局。 方法统计深圳地区2003年至2010年8年间分娩孕产妇数,收集符合诊断为妊娠期急性脂肪肝的病例,分析其发病率、临床特点及母婴结局。 结果8年间深圳地区分娩孕产妇982 761例次,符合妊娠期急性脂肪肝诊断标准的病例44例,发病率为1/22 335。44例妊娠合并急性脂肪肝患者中,合并妊娠期高血压疾病的有23例(52%);平均年龄(27.7±5.7)岁,发病孕周为30^＋2～40^＋3周,初产妇占33例(75%),多胎妊娠占9例(20%)。37例(84%)首发症状为不同程度的消化道症状,40例(91%)出现黄疸并进行性加重,39例(89%)病例出现凝血功能障碍,25例(57%)出现肾功能不全,9例(20%)合并肝性脑病,5例(11%)出现多器官功能障碍。孕产妇痊愈39例,死亡5例,孕产妇死亡率为11%;分娩胎儿55例,死胎9例,新生儿死亡1例,围生儿死亡率为18%。 结论深圳地区妊娠期急性脂肪肝以晚孕期消化道症状为首发症状,同时伴有黄疸、肝酶升高、凝血功能障碍,并出现早发肾功能不全为主要临床特点。早期诊断,及时终止妊娠可改善母婴结局。     

急性妊娠脂肪肝12例临床分析

急性妊娠脂肪肝（acute fatty liver of pregnancy,AFLP）是一种非常少见的妊娠期并发症,它发病骤急,病情凶险,国外报道的AFLP发病率为1/6692～1/13 328,国内尚无确切的文献报道.但已证实AFLP对孕妇和胎儿的围产结局有致命的影响,若处理不及时很可能造成母婴死亡.为了提高对AFLP发病特点的认识,探讨如何进行早期诊断和治疗,我们对收治的AFLP患者的临床资料进行了回顾性分析.现将结果报道如下.     

妊娠合并急性脂肪肝的临床分析

目的为提高早期诊断和正确处理轻型妊娠急性脂肪肝(AFLP)，降低孕产妇及围生儿的死亡率。方法对1991年12月至2001年12月在我院产科住院分娩的4例AFLP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果4例患者均为初产妇，发病孕周为32—38周，单胎3例，双胎1例，入院前1—2周均有程度不一的乏力、恶心、厌食、腹泻及上腹部不适等临床表现，全部患者肝酶升高，谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高为111—579IU／L，平均为253IU／L：天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)升高达72—561IU／L，平均为219IU／L：血清胆红素升高在42．2—190．6umol／L，平均为93．3umol／L；伴有凝血酶时间延长、(3例较正常对照延长3倍以上)低蛋白血症、低纤维蛋白原及不同程度的出血倾向，表现为皮肤的瘀点、瘀斑、牙龈出血、呕血及伤口渗血。并发症：肝性脑病3例，DIC3例，低血糖2例，消化道出血2例。孕产妇死亡2例，病死亡率为50％，围生儿死亡3例，围生儿死亡率为60％。结论提高对AFLP的警惕及认识，根据其临床表现，结合实验室检查及B超检查，可作出早期诊断，对AFLP患者及时终止妊娠，配合积极有效的支持疗法，可大大改善AFLP的母儿预后。     

妊娠合并肺栓塞15例临床分析

目的分析妊娠合并肺栓塞临床特点及妊娠结局。 方法收集广州医科大学附属第三医院妇产科2010年3月至2014年1月收治的15例妊娠合并肺栓塞患者的临床资料,对其一般情况、临床症状、辅助检查、治疗措施及妊娠结局进行回顾性分析。 结果(1)发病时间：妊娠早期1例,妊娠中期6例,妊娠晚期2例,剖宫产术后产褥期6例。(2)终止妊娠方式：剖宫产8例,剖宫取胎术5例,利凡诺引产1例,自然流产1例。(3)结局：孕妇死亡4例,存活11例;健康足月儿6例,早产儿3例,死胎6例。 结论提高对妊娠合并肺栓塞疾病的认识,尽早确诊和治疗,改善其妊娠结局。     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Objective Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare and serious entity associated with significant maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. We describe our experience with the clinical diagnosis, management and course patients with AFLP.Study design Medical records of patients with AFLP were reviewed over a 10-year period. Records were reviewed for symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical course, and maternal and perinatal outcomes.Results The incidence of AFLP was 1 in 7,270 births. The mean gestational age at onset was 34.6 ± 4.9 weeks. Eight percent of the patients were multiparous with more than three pregnancies. The prodromic phase was variable; patients complained of nausea, abdominal pain, malaise, polyuria-polydipsia syndrome and headaches followed by jaundice. The laboratory results indicated coagulopathy, liver function abnormalities and hypoglycemia. Emergency cesarean section was performed in two cases. The diagnosis has been assessed by transcutaneous hepatic biopsies processed in all patients between the 4th and 15th day (8.4 ± 4.3 days). Maternal morbidity included hypoglycaemia (40%), coagulopathy (50%) encephalopathy (30%) and renal failure (40%). There were no maternal deaths but fetal mortality is high 66%.Conclusion The early recognition of AFLP cases and prompt progressive management, including early termination of pregnancy and large dose infusion of fresh frozen plasma, the prognosis of AFLP is obviously improved.     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: underestimated complication of the third trimester?

Two cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) are described. The liver function abnormalities have been ignored in the both cases. The review literature on this rare clinical entity unique to pregnancy is presented. The importance of clinical and biochemical findings in the diagnosis of disease is emphasized. Although etiology is unknown, deficiency of fatty acid beta-oxidation has been suggested.     

Acute fatty liver and HELLP syndrome: two distinct pregnancy disorders.

OBJECTIVE: to report the experience clinical, biochemical findings, complications and the maternal-perinatal outcome in patients with HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) during the same period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: during the period between January 1996 and December 1999, medical records of patients with the discharge diagnosis of AFLP and HELLP syndrome were reviewed for presenting symptoms, laboratory findings, maternal and perinatal complications. Routine laboratory evaluation included serial measurement of liver function tests, complete blood cell count, coagulation profile and renal function tests. RESULTS: during the study period 10 patients had AFLP and 75 women had HELLP syndrome as the discharge diagnosis. Patients with HELLP syndrome had major parity than AFLP (P<0.006). The most common presenting symptom for patients with AFLP was malaise noted in all patients, nausea and/or vomiting, abdominal pain and jaundice were very common. Headache, abdominal or epigastric pain and hematuria were the most common symptoms of patients with HELLP syndrome. Women with AFLP had major hypoglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, hypotriglyceridemia, serum transaminase activity and low antithrombin III. Disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal insufficiency, ascites, seroma and encephalophaty were more common with AFLP. CONCLUSIONS: our opinion is that AFLP had clinical presentation, biochemical findings and complications clearly distinguished of HELLP syndrome.     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: diagnosis,treatment, and outcome based on 35 consecutive cases

Objective.?We describe our experience with the clinical diagnosis, management and, course of patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP).

Methods.?During the period between January 1996 and June 2010, medical records of patients with AFLP were reviewed for symptoms, laboratory findings, clinical course, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Routine laboratory evaluation included serial measurement of liver function tests, complete blood cell counts, coagulation profile, and renal function tests.

Results.?During the study period 35 women had AFLP as the discharge diagnosis. The mean gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks, 39% were nulliparous and 4 had multiple gestation. The most common presenting symptom was nausea/vomiting (88.5%), jaundice (71.4%), and abdominal pain (51.4%). Maternal morbidity included hypoglycemia (94.2%), renal failure (94.2%), coagulopathy (77.1%), ascites (48.5%), and encephalopathy (40%). There were four maternal deaths (11.4%) and five perinatal deaths (12.5%).

Conclusion.?We found a typical ‘AFLP-Triad’ in women with AFLP. First (symptoms): nausea/vomiting, jaundice, epigastric pain; second (laboratory): results indicated renal dysfunction, coagulopathy, liver function abnormalities, low glycemia, and third (complications): renal failure, coagulopathy, ascites, and encephalopathy. We recommended that patients with this triad received evaluation to rule out the diagnosis of AFLP.     

Acute fatty liver in the second trimester of pregnancy

Objective: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an uncommon, potentially fatal disorder that usually occurs in the late third trimester of pregnancy. We present the first reported case of acute fatty liver in the second trimester of pregnancy.Methods: We report the clinical and laboratory findings in a patient with AFLP who presented in the second trimester of pregnancy.Results: A 37-year-old G5P4 woman presented at 22 weeks gestation (by 18 weeks ultrasound) with nausea and vomiting. She was normotensive, had no proteinuria, had elevated SGOT and SGPT (266 and 261, respectively), negative hepatitis studies and a normal platelet count. She was managed conservatively for presumed cholelithiasis until 24 weeks gestation when she was transferred to our facility because of worsening SGPT and SGPT (368 and 505, respectively), jaundice (total bilirubin of 8.9 mg/dL), hypoglycemia, and laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (PT = 18.6, PTT = 56, hypofibrinogenemia and presence of fibrin split products). Ultrasound showed singleton fetus (EFW 450 g) with total placenta previa. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed decreased hepatic density consistent with AFLP. Delivery of a nonviable fetus was effected after transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. Postoperatively, the patient had rapid resolution of DIC, jaundice, and hypoglycemia; liver transaminases normalized 5 days postoperatively and the patient was discharged home in good condition 5 days later.Conclusion: It has been traditionally stated that AFLP occurs in the late third trimester of pregnancy. This case demonstrates that, even in the second trimester of pregnancy, the diagnosis of AFLP should be considered as a cause of deteriorating liver function, jaundice, and DIC.     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy. About 22 cases

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical experience, biochemical findings, complications and maternal outcome in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study over a period of 11 years (1993-2003). The diagnosis of AFLP was confirmed by liver biopsy in 15 women. However, in 7 women a medical committee that took into account clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings assessed the diagnosis. RESULTS: Were included in this study, 22 women with a mean age of 30+/-5.4 years. Only 22.7% of cases were primigravid. The mean gestational age was 36+/-2.76 weeks (range 31-41 weeks). The fetus was a male infant in 75% of cases. Ten women were admitted in the hospital without jaundice. However 15 women had developed an icterus since their hospital admission or during ICU stay. The mean SAPS II on the ICU admission was of 24.86+/-11.2 points. Biological disturbances observed were mainly: liver cytolysis in 91% of cases, a trend to hypoglycaemia in 86%, a hypoprotidemia in 66.7% and CIVD in 32%. During their ICU stay, 19 women (86.4%) developed one or several organ failures associated to the hepatic failure and 18 women required blood transfusion. After an average stay of 7.5 days, evolution was marked by the death of seven patients (31.8%). Factors correlated with a poor prognosis were: the delay of medical consultation, the development of jaundice, the development of encephalopathy, respiratory or a circulatory failure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: AFLP is a rare but life-threatening complication. Furthermore AFLP shares features with other more common and less perilous illnesses. An early diagnosis and appropriate therapy of this pathology should improve the poor prognosis in our country.     

Severe liver disease in pregnancy

Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of patients with fulminant hepatitis of pregnancy (FHP) and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and analyze their correlation with pregnancy outcome. Methods: Of 55 pregnant women with severe liver disease, 41 had FHP and 14 had AFLP. Results: Jaundice was the primary manifestation for both FHP and AFLP and hepatic encephalopathy was the most significant complication for both. Disseminated intravascular coagulation, albuminuria, and prothrombin activity were found to be independent risk factors of maternal mortality for both. However, the rates of preterm labor, fetal demise, and neonatal asphyxia were lower in the FHP group. Conclusion: Women with FHP or AFLP are at risk for severe complications and adverse pregnancy outcome. Since the 2 conditions are managed differently, early diagnosis is essential.