FGF/FGFR信号通路在妇科恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptors,FGFRs)家族共包括4个受体酪氨酸激酶FG-FR(1～4).成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factors,FG Fs)与FGFRs结合诱导其二聚化和特定细胞质酪氨酸残基的磷酸化,激活细胞质信号转导途...     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体的结构与功能

目前已发现的成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor, FGF)家族至少有19个成员(FGF1-19)[1],它们在发育、血管生成、创伤愈合中有重要作用.而它们的功能是通过与成纤维细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFR)结合后,经过信号传递系统,激活相应的基因而实现的.本文主要介绍FGFR结构和功能的基础知识与研究近况.     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体的结构与功能

目前已发现的成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblastgrowth factor,FGF)家族至少有19个成员(FGF1一19),它们在发育、血管生成、创伤愈合中有重要作用。而它们的功能是通过与成纤维细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor,FGFR)结合后,经过信号传递系统,激活相应的基因而实现的。本文主要介绍FGFR结构和功能的基础知识与研究近况。     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体3和中枢神经系统发育

在胚胎发育过程中成纤维细胞生长因子调控细胞的增殖、迁移和分化,这些过程要通过激活其受体来完成[1],其中包括成纤维细胞生长因子受体3(fibroblast growth factor receptor 3,FGFR3).     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂Brivanib在结直肠癌的研究失败

Brivanib是靶向于血管内皮生长因子受体（vascular endothelial growth factorreceptor。VEGFR）和成纤维细胞生长因子受体（fibroblast growth factorreceptor,FGFR）的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,今年的ASCO—GI会上发布了一项Brivanib在结直肠癌的Ⅲ期临床研究（AGITG CO.20）的结果。     

成纤维细胞生长因子19和成纤维细胞生长因子受体4在食管鳞癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨成纤维细胞生长因子19（fibroblast growth factor 19,ＦＧＦ１９）和成纤维细胞生长因子受体4（fibroblast growth factor receptor 4,ＦＧＦＲ４）在食管鳞癌中的表达及其是否存在相关性。方法：利用免疫组织化学法检测我院2009-2012年间34例食管鳞癌术后病理标本中肿瘤组织和正常食管组织中FGF19和FGFR4 蛋白的表达,并进行统计学分析。结果：FGF19和FGFR4在人类食管鳞癌组织中均高表达（P=0.000,P=0.000）,FGFR4和FGF19在食管鳞癌中的表达与淋巴结转移（rs=0.401,P=0.019;rs=0.404,P=0.018）和病理分期（rs=0.495,P=0.003;rs=0.439,P=0.009）呈正相关,并且在食管鳞癌中FGFR4与FGF19的表达呈正直线相关（rs=0.483;P=0.004）。结论：FGF19和FGFR4与食管鳞癌的发生有关,并参与其侵袭转移过程。     

TWEAK及Fn14在衰老大鼠血管平滑肌细胞中的表达及意义

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子样弱凋亡诱导因子(tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis,TWEAK)及其受体成纤维细胞生长因子诱导蛋白14(fibroblast growth factor-inducing protein 14,Fn14)对血管平滑肌细胞衰老的...     

成纤维细胞生长因子受体4研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子受体4(FGFR4)是成纤维细胞生长因子受体家族成员之一,在细胞周期、细胞凋亡、DNA损伤与修复中发挥着重要的调控作用。FGFR4在不同个体中存在遗传多态性,这种遗传多态性影响其结构与功能,与乳腺癌等人类疾病的发生发展密切相关。综述FGFR4基因结构、功能以及FGFR4在人类疾病发生发展中的作用及可能机制,对指导临床治疗有积极作用。     

FGFR4与乳腺癌相关性的最新研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子受体4(Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4,FGFR4),是成纤维细胞生长因子受体的成员家庭,是一个刚刚研究发现的酪氨酸激酶癌靶点是一种抑癌基因,其编码的蛋白在细胞周期调控、DNA损伤修复和肿瘤细胞的凋亡中有着重要的作用。众多实验研究表明,FGFR4基因结构、功能的异常与乳腺癌的发生发展有着十分密切的关系。现这篇文章主要简要介绍了近年来FGFR4与乳腺癌关系研究的进展的关系等研究作一综述。     

FGF受体信号转导及其临床应用研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子受体（FGFRs）是一类穿膜的酪氨酸激酶受体,均为单链的糖蛋白分子。由细胞外区、跨膜区和细胞内区组成。成纤维细胞生长因子（FGFs）的生物活性是通过与FGFRs结合来启动细胞内信号转导。受体的活化导致受体酪氦酸自磷酸化作用的产生。FGFs／FGFRs在不同组织中。通过复杂的信号传递路径对细胞的增殖、分化和移行进行调节。由于它们具有广泛的生物学功能,因此在临床应用上具有重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.