Stump appendicitis after laparoscopic appendectomy: case report

Stump appendicitis is a rare delayed complication of appendectomy. The delay in diagnosis is usually because of a prior history of appendectomy. We report a case of stump appendicitis diagnosed pre-operatively with a computerized tomography (CT) scan after laparoscopic appendectomy. An 18-year-old male presented with a one-week history of lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. He had a history of laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Physical examination revealed tenderness and guarding in the lower abdomen. CT scan showed free pelvic fluid with a tubular structure of about 2.5 cm in length and 0.78 cm in diameter located posterior to the ileo-cecal junction. Laparoscopic exploration confirmed the findings. A residual appendiceal stump was found and dissected from the adhesion and removed. Histopathology showed a residual appendix with transmural neutrophilic infiltration associated with multifocal hemorrhagic necrosis. The postoperative period was uneventful. The diagnosis of stump appendicitis can be challenging. CT scan has proven to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of this rare condition.     

Stump appendicitis: a comprehensive review of literature

Appendectomy for appendicitis is one of the most common procedures performed in the United States. Residual tissue left after an initial appendectomy risks the development of stump appendicitis. A comprehensive review of the English-language literature revealed 36 reported cases of stump appendicitis. Typically, patients present with signs and symptoms similar to acute appendicitis; however, due to prior surgery, the diagnosis is difficult and the rate of appendiceal stump perforation is extremely high. Herein, we present a case of a 32-year-old female presenting with right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and fever 5 months after laparoscopic appendectomy. Upon surgery, an appendiceal stump was discovered.     

Intra-abdominal abscess after laparoscopic appendectomy for perforated appendicitis

HYPOTHESIS: The incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess is higher after laparoscopic compared with open appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. METHODS: A historical cohort study of pediatric patients operated on for suspected appendicitis by open appendectomy or laparoscopic appendectomy compares the incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess for each procedure. SETTING: A tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Five hundred thirty-eight pediatric patients were operated on for suspected appendicitis at our institution between 1974 and 1999. Of these, 453 were included in the study. Of the excluded patients, 9 had incomplete medical records, 69 had normal or interval appendectomies, and 7 had appendixes removed by methods other than laparoscopy or right lower quadrant incision. INTERVENTIONS: Open appendectomy performed through a right lower quadrant incision or laparoscopic appendectomy performed through a 3-trocar approach by 1 of 3 pediatric surgeons at our institution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess after laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. RESULTS: In perforated appendicitis (170 patients), the incidence of postoperative abscess after laparoscopic appendectomy was 24% vs 4.2% after open appendectomy. The relative risk ratio of developing a postoperative abscess after perforated appendicitis was 5.6 (confidence interval, 2.1-16.0) after laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. The results remained significant when controlled for age, sex, intraoperative irrigation, and preoperative antibiotics. Postoperative abscess in all acute, gangrenous, and perforated appendicitis after laparoscopic appendectomy was 6.4% vs 3.0% after open appendectomy. This was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is a significant increase in the incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess with perforated appendicitis after laparoscopic compared with open appendectomy in pediatric patients.     

复杂性阑尾炎术式的抉择：腹腔镜术抑或开腹手术

目的：探讨腹腔镜应用于复杂性阑尾炎的可行性。方法：回顾分析手术治疗复杂性阑尾炎213例患者的临床资料，213例分为腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy，LA）128例，开腹阑尾切除术（open appendectomy，OA）85例。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术中引流管留置率及术后留置时间、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）、恢复进食时间、感染性并发症（即切口感染、腹腔内脓肿）发生率、术后住院天数、住院费用等指标。结果：LA组比OA组手术时间长，住院总费用高，差异有统计学意义；术中出血量、切口长度、术中引流管留置率及术后留置时间、术后疼痛VAS、恢复进食时间及术后住院天数等指标，IA组均优于OA组；LA组切口感染率较OA组低，腹腔内脓肿发生率两组无显著性差异。两组均无死亡病例。结论：LA具有创伤小、疼痛轻、肠道功能恢复快、切口感染率低、住院时间短等优势，用于治疗复杂性阑尾炎可行、安全、有效。     

Pneumatosis intestinalis after laparoscopic appendectomy: case report and review of the literature

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is the presence of intraluminal gas within the wall of the intestine. As a marker for bowel injury owing to mucosal injury, PI may herald a severe underlying disease process in patients without a significant medical history. In other cases, PI is a benign process, and expectant management is appropriate. Here, we present the first reported case of pneumatosis associated with postoperative abscess after appendectomy and its successful management. Then, we describe the pathophysiology of pneumatosis and review the literature regarding its origin and management.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术与开腹阑尾切除术的比较

目的：探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术（laparoscopic appendectomy,LA）的可行性及疗效。方法：63例采用LA,其中41例行三孔法,22例行两孔法,并与同期53例传统阑尾切除术进行临床比较。结果：63例LA均获成功,术后恢复良好,无切口感染,疗效优于传统手术组。结论：LA术后恢复快,创伤小,不污染手术切口,切口并发症少,是目前阑尾切除术较理想的方法。     

Residual appendicitis following incomplete laparoscopic appendectomy

Growing popularity of laparoscopic interventions must bring along a thorough knowledge of possible complications inherent to the laparoscopic technique. With these two cases of residual appendicitis following incomplete appendectomy, the authors want to warn for this complication. Surgeons should be aware of residual appendicitis as a possible cause of acute abdomen at any time following a laparoscopic appendectomy.     

Outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis

Laparoscopic appendectomy is the widely accepted treatment for acute appendicitis. This approach offers the potential of less pain, shorter hospital stay, and quicker return to activities. Traditionally, patients are hospitalized for 24 hours after laparoscopic appendectomy. This practice can be questioned due to the good results of other outpatient laparoscopic surgery. A retrospective review of 119 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis was undertaken from January through September 2009; outpatient and inpatient laparoscopic appendectomies were compared. Patients were selected for outpatient management based upon physician discretion and their clinical course in operation and recovery rooms. Forty-two patients were dismissed on the day of surgery and 77 were admitted for 1 to 5 days postoperatively. No significant differences in age, gender, and preoperative comorbidities between outpatient and inpatient groups were found. Postoperative complications occurred in 2.4 per cent of outpatients and 11.7 per cent of inpatients (P = 0.16). Complications included superficial wound infections, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, intra-abdominal bleeding, pneumonia, and infected hematoma. Based upon this study, outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed safely in selected patients. This study provides the background for the present prospective protocol for routine outpatient laparoscopic appendectomy at our institution.     

急性阑尾炎行腹腔镜手术与传统开腹手术的比较

目的对比急性阑尾炎经腹腔镜切除与传统开腹切除的手术效果及优缺点。方法对2004年2月~2004年12月临床诊断为急性阑尾炎的病人123例,其中行腹腔镜手术59例,开腹手术64例。比较两种术式的手术时间,术后下床活动时间,术后进食时间,术后出院时间,止疼药使用率,其他器官探查阳性率及综合费用。结果通过比较两种术式的以上各指标,腹腔镜手术组有明显的优势。结论急性阑尾炎经腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、住院时间短及美容等优点,是治疗急性阑尾炎理想的手术方式。     

Residual appendicitis following incomplete laparoscopic appendectomy

Growing popularity of laparoscopic interventions must bring along a thorough knowledge of possible complications inherent to the laparoscopic technique. With these two cases of residual appendicitis following incomplete appendectomy, the authors want to warn for this complication. Surgeons should be aware of residual appendicitis as a possible cause of acute abdomen at any time following a laparoscopic appendectomy.     

Pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis

Background: The benefit of laparoscopy in the treatment of pediatric acute appendicitis continues to be controversial, particularly as it relates to operative time and costs. Methods: We reviewed the charts of 200 children who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis concurrently over 35 months at a large teaching childrens hospital. Results: Laparoscopic (n = 106) and open (n = 95) appendectomies were performed. The operative times and postoperative lengths of hospital stay were similar for the two groups. The mean total hospital cost for the laparoscopic group ($5,572) was significantly higher than for the open group ($4,472); (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Notably, the results show similar operative times for laparoscopic and open appendectomy. The cost of laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis is higher than for the open procedure. This study challenges health care providers to reduce costs and develop new ways to measure beneficial outcomes in a pediatric population that may reveal laparoscopic benefits. Presented on 16 March 2002 at the SAGES Annual Scientific Session and 8th World Congress in New York, NY     

Stump appendicitis: case report and review

The purpose of this study is to review the medical literature regarding the prevalence of appendicitis in patients with previous appendectomy. Stump appendicitis is a real entity not often considered when evaluating patients with right lower quadrant pain and a history of appendectomy. This leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment. An extensive review of the world literature using Medline, MD Consult, and the references of articles found using these methods to gather information regarding stump appendicitis. Results showed 29 cases of stump appendicitis have been reported in the world literature. Herein we review the literature as well as present a case study. Stump appendicitis is a real, yet probably underreported entity. It can occur after either laparoscopic or open appendectomy. Avoidance of a long appendiceal stump is the only suggested means by which to avoid its occurrence.     

Stump appendicitis 10 years after appendectomy,a rare,but serious complication of appendectomy,a case report

We describe a case of stump appendicitis with the formation of abdominal abscesses in a 41-year-old patient 10 years prior appendectomy. The patient consulted with fever (38.1?°C) and abdominal pain, located at the right iliac fossa. Imaging studies showed signs of abscesses, located at the right iliac fossa, without clear origin of these abscesses. The abscesses were drained through diagnostic laparoscopy, no bowel perforation or clear origin of the abscedation was found during laparoscopy. During postoperative stay, the inflammatory parameters rose and the abscesses reoccurred. Re-laparoscopy was performed, the abscesses were drained and on careful inspection and adhesiolysis, a perforated stump appendicitis was revealed, covered underneath layers of fibrous tissue. Stump appendicitis is a rare complication seen after appendectomy and is generally not considered a possible etiology in patients presenting with fever and right iliac fossa abdominal pain with a history of appendectomy. This often delays the correct diagnosis and results in an associated increased incidence of complications. We describe a case of stump appendicitis occurring 10 years after initial appendectomy.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术残端荷包包埋61例

目的总结腹腔镜阑尾切除术残端荷包包埋的手术经验。方法回顾分析2009年7月至2010年6月施行的61例腹腔镜阑尾切除术,术中阑尾残端均行荷包包埋,阐述手术的经验体会。结果 61例腹腔镜阑尾切除术残端荷包包埋均成功完成,无一例发生副损伤及并发症。结论腹腔镜下阑尾残端荷包包埋是安全可行的,不增加患者的手术费用,值得推广。     

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目的　对比分析腹腔镜和开腹阑尾切除术在治疗穿孔性阑尾炎中的手术效果。方法　 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 4年 1月行阑尾切除术治疗穿孔性阑尾炎 12 8例 ,其中腹腔镜阑尾切除术 5 6例 ,开腹阑尾切除术 72例。比较两种术式的手术时间、下床活动时间、术后排气时间、疼痛评分、止痛药使用率、切口感染率、置管引流率、残余脓肿发生率、住院时间和综合费用。结果　比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术组和开腹阑尾切除术组以上各指标 (除手术时间和综合费用外 )差异均有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗穿孔性阑尾炎和开腹阑尾切除术相比 ,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和平均住院时间短等优点 ,是治疗穿孔性阑尾炎较理想的手术方式。     

腹腔镜与开腹治疗腹膜后位阑尾炎的对比分析

目的 探讨腹膜后位阑尾炎经腹腔镜治疗的手术方法及其与开腹阑尾切除术的疗效对比.方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年12月经腹腔镜(LA组)与开腹(OA组)治疗的腹膜后位阑尾炎患者的临床资料.结果 所有病例均临床治愈.两组平均手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但在术后止痛药应用例数、术后切口感染例数、平均住院时间及手术费用方面两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对于能耐受腹腔镜手术的腹膜后位阑尾炎患者,腹腔镜手术较开腹手术具有术后疼痛轻、恢复快、并发症少、费用低的优点.如术前判断为腹膜后位阑尾炎,应优先选择在腹腔镜下利用超声刀行逆行切除.     

Initial experience with same day discharge after laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis

Background

Although many laparoscopic procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, patients who have undergone a laparoscopic appendectomy have typically stayed at least overnight. Recently, data in both the pediatric and adult literature suggest that same day discharge (SDD) for acute nonperforated appendicitis is safe and associated with high patient and parent satisfaction. We have recently begun attempting SDD for nonperforated appendicitis, and this study is an analysis of our initial experience.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis at our institution from January 2012 to July 2013 was performed. Demographics, length of stay, hospital course, and outcomes were measured. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Comparative analysis was performed using a t-test.

Results

A total of 588 laparoscopic appendectomies for nonperforated appendicitis were performed over an 18-mo period. Approximately 28% (n = 128) were discharged on the day of surgery. Of the remaining patients, 12.9% (n = 59) stayed overnight for medical reasons, 0.4% (n = 2) stayed for social reasons, 3.9% (n = 18) stayed because the operation ended late in the evening, and 82.8% (n = 381) stayed because of clinical care habits. Compared with patients who stayed overnight, there was no statistically significant difference in readmission rates (0.7% versus 1.9%, P = 0.6%), follow-up before scheduled appointment (5.4% versus 5.4%, P = 1.0), and complication rate (0.7% versus 2.6%, P = 0.3). Patients whose operation ended later in the day had a longer hospital stay. We observed a trend toward more SDDs, the further we got from the initiation of our protocol.

Conclusions

SDD is safe for children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for nonperforated appendicitis. The two main barriers to SDD were time of day for the operation and provider habit, both of which improved as more practitioners felt comfortable with the concept. SDD requires extensive education within the hospital system, and we have initiated an aggressive prospective protocol to improve the results.     

Efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy in appendicitis with peritonitis

Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is safe and effective in cases of peritonitis, perforation, and abscess. We investigated our conversion rate and clinical outcomes in this patient population, as well as preoperative factors that predict operative conversion. A retrospective nonrandomized cohort of 92 patients underwent LA for acute appendicitis with peritonitis, perforation, or abscess at our institution between 1997 and 2002. Thirty-six of the 92 were converted to open appendectomy (OA), yielding a conversion rate of 39 per cent. The presence of phlegmon (42%), nonvisualized appendix (44%), technical failures (8%), and bleeding (6%) were reasons for conversion. Preoperative data had no predictive value for conversion. CT scan findings of free fluid, phlegmon, and abscess did not correlate with findings at the time of surgery. Total complication rates were 8.9 per cent in the LA group as compared to 50 per cent in the converted cohort. Postoperative data showed LA patients stayed 3.2 days versus 6.9 days for converted patients (P = 0.01). LA patients had less pneumonia (P = 0.02), intra-abdominal abscess (P = 0.01), ileus (P = 0.01), and readmissions (P = 0.01). LA is safe and effective in patients with appendicitis with peritonitis, perforation, and abscess, resulting in shorter hospital stays and less complication.     

急性阑尾炎行腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的比较

目的对比分析腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术在治疗急性阑尾炎中的手术效果。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年10月58例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术（LA组）和同期55例行开腹阑尾切除术（OA组）的急性阑尾炎患者的临床资料,比较两种术式手术时间、下床活动时间、术后排气时间、止痛药物使用率、并发症发生率、住院时间及综合费用等指标。结果 LA组与OA组相比上述指标除手术时间外差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和住院时间短等优点,可作为治疗急性阑尾炎的理想选择。