急性肺水肿的X线诊断与分析

典型的急性肺水肿X线表现不难诊断，但不典型的与肺炎不易鉴别。本文通过36例病例分析，以提高本病的X线诊断水平。     

急性高原肺水肿的X线表现（附49例报告）

急性高原肺水肿的Ｘ线表现（附４９例报告）四川省红原县人民医院放射科胡鹏急性高原肺水肿是由平原进入高原引起机体适应不全，在肺的一种急性病症。肺部病变在Ｘ线上发展快，变化多，在短期内经适当治疗就可消退。为了提高Ｘ线的诊断与鉴别诊断，本文搜集了我院近十年间...     

心原性肺水肿31例的X线征象分析

目的　探讨心原性肺水肿的X线胸片的表现 ;提高对肺水肿的X线诊断的认识。方法　选取 31例诊断明确的心原性肺水肿患者 ,分析其治疗前后的正、侧位胸片的X线表现。结果　 31例患者的X线征象有 :反转血流现象 2 9例 ,KerleyB线和A线各有 18例和 5例 ,胸膜下水肿和支气管袖口征各有 15例和 18例 ,肺门混浊征和肺纹理模糊 2 4例 ,蝶翼征和运动边缘线各有 5例和 2例 ,单侧肺水肿和两肺不对称的肺水肿 6例 ,胸腔积液 2 4例 ,心脏阴影扩大 2 9例。结论　反转血流现象 ;KerleyB线形成 ;肺门混浊征和肺纹理模糊 ;以及少量胸腔积液 ,心胸比例增大等应为心源性肺水肿常见的且较为特征性的X线胸片表现。     

火药燃烧致群体一氧化碳中毒的影像学表现及分析

目的：探讨火药燃烧致急性一氧化碳中毒肺、脑损伤的影像学表现．以提高诊断水平。方法：对37例一氧化碳中毒患者行胸部X线、头颅MRI检杏，并分析其影像学表现特点。结果：①急性肺损伤8例，表现为肺纹理增强、肺门浓密和肺部大片状阴影；②脑部损伤6例，表现为对称性海马、苍白球信号异常。结论：肺、脑是急性一氧化碳中毒极易受损的器官，肺损伤以肺水肿改变为主，脑损伤以海马、苍白球水肿、缺血、坏死改变为主。     

急性一氧化碳中毒的胸部X线表现(附7例报告)

目的 探讨燃气热水器致急性一氧化碳中毒柿部X线表现。方法对7例急性一氧化碳中毒病人于中毒后30min-4h内进行胸部X线检查分析总结。结果7例病人中表现为急性肺泡性肺水肿改变3例；表现为肺纹理增粗、紊乱．模糊3例；心肺膈未见病变1例。结论 急性一氧化碳中霉致肺部改变，以肺泡性肺水肿改变为主，胸部X线检查可为临床治疗提供有价值的诊治依据。     

急性吸入性汞中毒胸部X线及CT表现

目的 分析急性吸入性汞中毒性肺炎胸部X线及CT表现.方法 23例急性吸入性汞中毒患者,拍摄胸部平片61次,其中11例行胸部CT扫描17次,分析其X线及CT表现.结果 23例入院时X线片示汞毒性实质性肺炎10例,表现为双肺野多发片状密度增高影,边缘模糊,散在分布,3例伴有泡性肺气肿.汞毒性肺间质性炎症7例,表现为肺纹理增重模糊及紊乱,呈斑团状、条索状、网格状致密影.中毒性泡性肺水肿6例,表现为双肺大片状密度增高阴影,4例合并间质性肺水肿,可见K氏A、B线.CT扫描显示汞毒性实质性肺炎为双肺野多发散在分布的片状高密度影,范围广泛,伴发的泡性肺气肿呈低密度大小不等薄壁泡状影.汞毒性肺间质性炎症CT表现为肺纹理增重模糊,局部呈斑团状、条索状、网格状高密度影,病灶周围伴较高密度渗出性改变.中毒性泡性肺水肿表现为双肺大片状或蝶翼状密度增高影,边界模糊、欠光整.结论 急性吸入性汞中毒性肺炎胸部X线及CT表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史和实验室检查可作出明确诊断.     

急性吸入性汞中毒的病理和胸部X线表现

目的　分析急性吸入性汞中毒的胸部X线表现。方法　 16例急性吸入性汞中毒病例均摄胸片 ,其中尸解 1例 ,进行病理解剖学诊断。结果　 16例中出现汞毒性肺炎 11例和汞毒性肺水肿 5例。结论　急性吸入性汞中毒有特征性X线表现 ,结合临床和实验室检查可作出确切诊断     

氨中毒的胸部X线表现

目的回顾性分析急性氨中毒致肺部损伤的X线表现。方法对37例急性氨中毒致肺部损伤病例的胸部X线表现进行分析,并进行1年随访观察。结果35例早期损伤表现为肺纹理增多,小叶性肺炎,间质性肺气肿,肺水肿等改变;15例晚期出现慢性支气管炎、肺间质纤维化及肺大泡等改变。结论急性氨中毒的肺部损伤是不可逆转的损伤。     

31例肺水肿的X线表现

目的：探讨肺水肿的X线表现特点。资料与方法：搜集我院自1990年1月-2004年12月X线诊断肺水肿，而后经过临床治疗痊愈30例，发生呼吸窘迫综合症死亡1例。所有病例均行胸部后前立位片，26例作了侧位片，11例做了胸部透视，6例做了心脏3位片。结果：9例肺泡性肺水肿X线表现为轮廓不清大片实变影，以在肺内、中带较多见，肺门阴影增大、增浓。7例间质性肺水肿，X线表现为肺血管重新分布肺野可见Kerlerv氏线，11例肺泡性肺水肿合并间质性肺水肿，X线表现肺门阴影增大、模糊，两肺见有斑片状阴影，肺尖、肺外带及肋膈角区有、少、中、大量胸腔积液。4例肺水肿合并肺炎，表现形式多样，见有斑片状阴影。结论：肺水肿X线表现有一定特征性，并比临床症状出现早，X线具有重要诊断价值。     

肺包虫病的X线分析(附23例分析)

肺包虫病是牧区常见的寄生虫病之一 ,Ｘ线表现典型者则诊断不难 ,但由于生长部位不同 ,感染或破裂后形态改变 ,Ｘ线征象不典型 ,常导致误诊。本文搜集我院 2 3例经手术、实验室诊断肺包虫病的Ｘ线、ＣＴ等表现进行分析 ,以期提高鉴别诊断。临床资料2 3例中 ,男 14例 ,女 9例 ,年龄 7～ 5 6岁 ,平均 3 1.5岁。均生活在牧区 ,有犬羊密切接触史。咳嗽 11例 ,咯血 5例 ,痰中带血 8例 ,胸痛 11例 ,发热 8例 ,咳出粉皮样物及清亮液 3例 ,作过肝包虫摘除术 4例。实验室检查 :14例作了嗜伊红细胞计数 (13 2～ 3 190个 /ｌ) ,超过 15 0个 /ｌ 10例 ,1…     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.