糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合氯雷他定治疗变应性鼻炎临床观察

目的 探讨糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合氯雷他定治疗变应性鼻炎临床效果.方法 变应性鼻炎患者180例,随机分为3组各60例,氯雷他定组应用氯雷他定片10mg,口服,1日1次;糠酸莫米松组应用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂每个鼻孔各1喷(50μg),1日2次;联合治疗组应用氯雷他定片和糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合治疗,14天为1疗程.结果 3组治疗效果有显著性差异(P＜0.05);联合治疗组总有效96.67％高于氯雷他定组的78.33％(P＜0.05)、糠酸莫米松组的83.33％ (P＜0.05),3组不良反应无明显差异(P＞0.05),均无其他明显副作用,未退出治疗.结论 氯雷他定片及糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗变应性鼻炎均有较好疗效,两药联合治疗临床效果更佳,且无严重不良反应,值得临床推广应用.     

糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗小儿鼻窦炎48例

目的观察糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗小儿鼻窦炎的疗效。方法选择2012年1月到10月医院收治的患者94例,随机分为2组,观察组48例患者采用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗,每日1次,每侧鼻腔喷100μg,连续治疗4周后每侧鼻腔喷50μg,疗程共8周;对照组46例患者用0.9%氯化钠注射液20 mL加地塞米松5 mg与硫酸庆大霉素4万U进行超声雾化,每天1次,每次30 min,连续治疗8周。结果对照组患者中,34例检出有菌生长,治疗后清除28例(82.35%);治愈16例,总有效率为73.91%。观察组患者中,35例检出有菌生长,治疗后清除32例(91.43%);治愈21例,总有效率为83.33%(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗过程中未发现明显不良反应。结论采用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗小儿鼻窦炎的效果显著,且用药剂量小、无痛苦、无副作用、简单易行,值得推广。     

HPLC法测定糠酸莫米松乳膏中的有关物质

目的 建立糠酸莫米松乳膏(艾洛松)中有关物质的检测方法。 方法 采用HPLC法对艾洛松中的有关物质进行测定。以Amethyst C₁₈-P(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱为固定相;乙腈-水(53∶47)为流动相;流速为1 mL·min-1;检测波长为254 nm;进样量为20 μL。 结果 各单个杂质不超过1.0%,总杂质不超过2.0%。该方法对5个批次糠酸莫米松乳膏中的有关物质进行了测定,其限度均为单个杂质不超过1.0%,总杂质不超过2.0%。 结论 该方法准确可靠,可作为糠酸莫米松乳膏(艾洛松)中有关物质的测定方法。     

内舒拿治疗变应性鼻炎的临床研究

目的:评价糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂(商品名:内舒拿)治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年1～10月收治变应性鼻炎160例患者的临床资料,随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组采用曲安奈德鼻喷雾剂,实验组采用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂,观察比较两组的疗效及不良反应。结果:糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂临床疗效评价例数为100例,曲安奈德鼻喷雾剂临床疗效评价例数为60例,两药临床有效率分别为88%和80%,药物不良反应发生率分别为10%和13%。结论:糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗变应性鼻炎安全、有效。     

糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗小儿变应性鼻炎伴发眼部症状80例临床观察

目的 观察糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗小儿变应性鼻炎伴发眼部症状的效果.方法 糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂每日1次,每次每侧鼻腔1喷,症状严重者睡前口服氯霉他定片5mg.本组患者眼部均未用糖皮质激素滴眼.结果 经随诊观察1～3个月,鼻塞、连续打嚏、流清涕、眼疾、流泪等症状明显缓解为有效,有74例,明显改善为好转,有6例,治疗前后无改善为无效.结论 糖酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂可有效改善和缓解3周岁以上反应地鼻炎患者的症状.     

糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合通窍鼻炎片治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的探究糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合通窍鼻炎片治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法选取2013年7月—2014年1月常州市第三人民医院门诊收治的变应性鼻炎患者160例,将患者随机分为试验组(100例)和对照组(60例)。对照组采用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗,试验组采用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合通窍鼻炎片治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的疗效和不良反应发生率。结果试验组总有效率(88.0%)高于对照组(80.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组有3例患者出现不良反应,其中鼻腔干燥感2例,声嘶1例;观察组有5例患者出现不良反应,其中鼻腔干燥感1例、鼻黏膜出血1例、关节疼痛与腹痛1例、睡眠障碍1例和皮疹1例,上述不良反应症状均较轻,未予处理均逐渐自行消失。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合通窍鼻炎片治疗变应性鼻炎的效果显著,不良反应小。     

糠酸莫米松鼻喷剂在鼻内窥镜术后的疗效

目的:探讨糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂在功能性鼻内窥镜术后治疗慢性副鼻窦炎的疗效。方法:将接受鼻内镜术后的355例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者随机分为两组,治疗组180例,对照组175例。治疗组术前及术后局部使用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂,观察其疗效。结果:根据鼻内窥镜手术疗效标准,治疗组治愈率及有效率与对照组比较治愈率及有效率有统计学意义(P<0.01),术后鼻腔黏膜上皮化时间:治疗组(40±5.06)d,对照组(47±29.4)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂在功能性鼻内窥镜术后缩短鼻腔粘膜上皮化时间及减少慢性鼻窦炎复发效果显著。     

糠酸莫米松与红霉素治疗小儿慢性鼻窦炎的疗效比较

目的 比较糠酸莫米松喷雾剂与低剂量红霉素治疗小儿慢性鼻窦炎的临床疗效.方法 选取小儿慢性鼻窦炎患儿74例,随机分为糠酸莫米松喷雾剂治疗组40例,红霉素治疗组34例.用药前及用药后3个月观察患儿症状,鼻窦CT检查,同时检测鼻黏膜糖精传输时间.结果 糠酸莫米松喷雾剂组总体有效率82.5％,红霉素组总体有效率58.8％,糠酸莫米松喷雾剂组在治疗前黏膜传输时间为(38.82±7.72) min,治疗后为(18.9±5.34) mnin,红霉素组治疗前黏膜传输时间为(41.32±8.43) min,治疗后为(27.4±6.13) min.结论 两种治疗方法都能治疗小儿慢性鼻窦炎,但糠酸莫米松组疗效优于红霉素组,值得临床应用.     

糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合鼻腔冲洗治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效观察

目的观察糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合鼻腔冲洗治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年12月～2017年12月在我院耳鼻喉科门诊接受治疗的100例变应性鼻炎患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组单独使用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗,研究组在此基础上联合鼻腔冲洗治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后的鼻炎症状VAS评分、生活质量RQLQ评分和鼻内镜评分。结果治疗后,两组患者VAS评分和RQLQ评分均显著低于治疗前,且两组患者治疗后RQLQ评分研究组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),但两组患者治疗后的VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);两组患者治疗后鼻内镜评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),且研究组患者鼻内镜评分显著优于对照组患者,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合鼻腔冲洗较单独使用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效更好。     

糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合氯雷他定治疗变应性鼻炎疗效观察

目的:探究糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合氯雷他定治疗变应性鼻炎(AR)的疗效及安全性.方法:将来院的82例AR患者按照随机双盲原则分成两组,对照组单服氯雷他定片剂治疗,1次/d;研究组在对照组基础上联用糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂,2次/d.对治疗前后鼻炎症状评分、临床疗效及药物不良反应等进行对比分析.结果:研究组治疗后2周喷嚏、流涕、鼻痒和鼻塞评分均低于研究组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义.研究组治疗有效率为92.9%,显著高于对照组的80.0%(P<0.05).两组药物不良反应未见明显差异(P>0.05).结论:糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂联合氯雷他定能够发挥协同作用,放大治疗效果,且安全性有保障,具有推广意义.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.