表面麻醉下透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障摘除术临床观察

目的观察表面麻醉下经透明角膜切口行超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术效果。方法各种类型白内障364例(364只眼)在表面麻醉下透明角膜10～12点钟作切口2．8～3．2mm,在3点或9点角膜缘作0．3～0．6 mm辅助切口,超声乳化吸除皮质及核,植入ACRYSOF折叠式人工晶状体。术后观察视力、切口、前房、人工晶状体位置、眼底。结果术后随访1天、7天、1个月和3个月,矫正视力≥0．8者分别为259只眼 (71．20％)、275只眼(75．43％)、279只眼(76．52％)、285只眼(78．34％)。结论表面麻醉下透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术具有手术时间短、视力恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

非超声乳化小切口与超声乳化吸除手术白内障临床对比分析

目的 探讨非超声乳化小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术与超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术术后效果的差异.方法 对104例(106只眼)白内障患者施行巩膜隧道式小切口白内障摘除联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,91例(104只眼)施行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术.结果 非超声乳化组术后第1天裸眼视力等于或大于0.8者或以上者占54.72%,术后一周裸眼视力大于0.8者或以上者占83.02%,角膜水肿占54.72%,虹膜损伤占34.91%;而超声乳化组术后裸眼视力术后第一天等于或大于0.8者占74.04%,术后一周裸眼视力等于或大于0.8者占97.11%,角膜水肿20.19%,虹膜损伤7.69%.两组经方差分析差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 超声乳化白内障吸除术较非超声乳化小切口白内障摘除术具有术后组织反应轻,组织损伤小及术后视力恢复快等优点.     

隧道巩膜切口与透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障手术的临床效果分析

目的探讨老年性白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术两种不同术式的临床疗效;评价隧道巩膜切口与透明角膜切口的疗效差异。方法对年龄60～80岁,平均(68.4±9.1)岁的老年性白内障患者按前后阶段分成两组,A组98例(109只眼),行隧道巩膜切口白内障超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体植入术;B组216例(258只眼)行透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化摘除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术。分析两种不同切口及相应不同类型人工晶状体植入方式的优缺点。结果术后视力：两组术后1周、1个月、3个月的裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力存在显著性差异。术后并发症有轻度角膜内皮水肿、重度角膜内皮水肿、重度前段葡萄膜反应、人工晶状体夹持等。结论角膜透明切口白内障超声乳化摘除联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术术后散光小,并发症少,视力恢复好。     

角膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术临床观察

目的 探讨角膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除及折叠式人工晶状体植入手术的方法和疗效。方法 对136例(162只眼)老年性白内障,采用角膜隧道切口长3.2mm,隧道长1.75mm切口的方法,行超声乳化注入器法白内障吸除术,同时植入硅胶类三片式折叠式人工晶状体。结果 术後1天、1周,1个月和3个月裸眼视力≥0.5者分别为126(77.8％)、131(80.9％)、135(83.3％)、143(88.3％),并对115只眼手术前与手术後1个月、3个月散光情况进行t检验,结果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 角膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术,手术操作简单,损伤小,术後反应轻,裸眼视力恢复快,屈光状态稳定,疗效满意。     

透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术联合翼状胬肉切除羊膜移植术的临床观察

目的 观察透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术联合翼状胬肉切除羊膜移植术的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我院2009年2月至2013年3月所行透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术联合翼状胬肉切除羊膜移植术.结果 34例（36只眼）老年性白内障并发不同程度的翼状胬肉,行透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术联合翼状胬肉切除及羊膜移植术,手术后角膜创面4～ 5d愈合,无1例胬肉复发,无新生血管生长及瘢痕组织增生现象.术后视力33只眼视力＞0.3,脱残率91.7％.结论 超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术联合翼状胬肉切除羊膜移植术是安全有效的,可操作性强.     

抗青光眼滤过术后患者白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术

目的：探讨抗青光眼滤过术后白内障患者进行白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术的手术切口选择和临床效果。方法：32例（41只眼）青光眼滤过术后的白内障患者,采用上方透明角膜隧道切口和避开滤过泡的巩膜隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸除,植入折叠式人工晶状体24只眼,硬性人工晶状体17只眼。结果：全部白内障术后病例视力有不同程度的提高,视力≥0．5者达75．6％。采用透明角膜隧道切口和巩膜隧道切口术后患者的眼压和滤过泡改变无差异性,术后随访平均5个月,平均眼压较术前增加1．59mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),差异无显著性。结论：对抗青光眼滤过术后白内障患者,采用透明角膜和巩膜隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术,可提高视力,同时可保持原有的滤过功能。     

改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠晶状体植入术临床应用观察

目的:观察改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术的临床效果和特点。方法:118例白内障患者的118只眼,随机分为2组:超声乳化白内障吸除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术手术组58只眼与改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术组60只眼。对比观察两种术式并发症及术后视力。结果:改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术与超声乳化白内障吸除术联合折叠人工晶状体植入术在白内障手术中的并发症、近远期术后视力比较,差异均无统计学意义,而改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术的手术成本低于超声乳化白内障吸除术,且学习曲线短。结论:改良隧道切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合折叠人工晶状体植入术适合在基层医院的白内障治疗中推广。眼科学报2007;23:247-251.     

角巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除 折叠式人工晶状体植入术临床观察

目的 探讨角巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法 对86例（107只眼）老年性白内障患者,采用角膜上方膜缘后0.5mm做长约4mm角巩膜隧道切口的方法,行超声乳化白内障吸除术,同时植入丙烯酸酯类三片式折叠式人工晶状体。结果 术后1d、1周、1个月和3个月裸眼或矫正视力≥0.5者分别为62.6%、76.6%、92.5%和88.8%。结论 角巩膜隧道切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术兼有巩膜隧道小切口和透明角膜小切口手术的优点,术后疗效满意。     

透明角膜3mm切口白内障超声乳化术后的屈光状态研究

目的:观察3mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及折叠式人工晶状体植入术后患者的屈光状态及其变化规律,确定最佳配镜时间。方法:老年性白内障患者68例(79眼)行3mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及折叠式人工晶状体植入术,术后行EAS-1000检查,除外人工晶状体存在偏位情况。然后1,2,3,4wk;3,6mo行视力及显然验光检查,记录患者的视力、球镜、柱镜和散光轴,分别对结果行多因素方差分析。结果:术后1,2,3,4wk;3,6mo的裸眼及矫正视力,球镜、柱镜度数及其散光轴的变化差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:3mm透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除及折叠式人工晶状体植入术后1wk屈光状态趋于稳定,即可配镜。     

透明角膜小切口白内障手术后角膜散光变化

目的　评价透明角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术后角膜散光的变化。方法　将62例(78只眼)白内障患者,按照切口位置位于颞上方及鼻上方或角膜曲率最大子午线轴位分为A、B两组,行透明角膜小切口超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术,比较术后角膜散光的变化情况。结果　A、B两组术后3个月平均手术性角膜散光度分别为（0.83±0.65）D和（0.72±0.55）D,差异无显著性(P>0.05);平均角膜散光度分别较术前减少0.11D和0.39D,两者比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论　以透明角膜小切口行超声乳化白内障吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入术,术后角膜散光度小;结合散光轴位选择切口位置,术后可明显减小角膜散光度。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.