Lokal fortgeschrittene Nasopharynxkarzinome

Background

The excellent results yielded by hyperfractionated and accelerated radiotherapy associated with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas led to investigation of this therapeutic regimen in nasopharyngeal carcinomas also.

Methods

Thirty-five patients with stage III and IV nasopharyngeal carcinomas received accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy (5-FU, mitomycin C + leucovorin). In the first 3 weeks of treatment five 2-Gy doses per week were delivered to the primary tumour and regional lymph nodes. The fractionation was then accelerated, with 1.4 Gy given twice daily until a total dose of 72 Gy had been administered.

Results

The overall objective response rate was 100%. The median follow-up period was 71 months. Salvage surgery of the lymph nodes was performed in 10 patients, revealing vital tumour tissue in 6 of these. The actuarial 5-year local control rate was 64% (95%CI: 47–81%), while overall actuarial survival at 5 years was 70% (95%CI: 53–86%).

Conclusion

Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy is effective and feasible in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute experience with 24 patients treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma traditionally has been treated with radiotherapy alone. Although the probability of cure for patients with stage I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma is high, the probability of cure for patients with stage III and IV disease is poor because of a higher rate of local-regional and distant failure. Between February 1981 and August 1986, 24 patients with previously untreated, stage IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with two to four monthly courses of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. A response to induction chemotherapy was recorded in 75% of patients (29% complete response and 46% partial) prior to radiotherapy. By actuarial estimate with a median follow-up of 42 months, the 2-year failure-free survival for all patients was 57%. In conclusion, induction chemotherapy has significant activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The toxicity of this approach, as well as the influence of initial histopathology and response to chemotherapy on survival, will be discussed.     

Impact of prior cancer on the overall survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PurposePrior cancer history is an important exclusion criterion from clinical trials and may decrease their generalizability. This study aimed to investigate the impact of prior cancer on the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to describe their characteristics.Materials and methodsData of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The discrepancy in baseline characteristics was adjusted by propensity score matching. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of prior cancer on overall survival.ResultsA total of 3412 individuals were identified, of which 418 (12.25%) had prior cancer. Prostate cancer was the most frequently detected type of prior cancer (18.42%). Nearly 45% of the prior cancers were diagnosed within 5 years before the nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients with prior cancer had an inferior survival compared to those without prior cancer (p < 0.001). Notably, patients with prior prostate, breast, hematological, and nasopharyngeal cancers had a non-inferior overall survival. Prior cancer history was an independent factor of poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.329, p = 0.003).ConclusionsThis is the first study to provide the comprehensive insight that patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prior cancer have lower overall survival. Different prior cancer types had a different impact on the clinical outcome, suggesting that the exclusion criteria should be individually defined by unique cancer types.     

Diagnostic evaluation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: role of Epstein-Barr virus

We present a retrospective series of 27 nasopharyngeal carcinomas, selected from those attended at Ramón y Cajal Hospital between 1977 and 1996, with the aim of review the role of the study of Epstein-Barr virus in the diagnostic process of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Twenty-seven patients, ranging from 14 to 81 years, with an average age of 50 years were selected. Male/female ratio was 1,7. All but one case were Caucasian. A neck mass was the first symptom in 40% of cases, with a mean diagnostic delay of 17 months. Only 8 cases (23%) did not exhibit neck nodes at the moment of diagnosis. CT and MRI were essential to establish staging: 5 stage I, 7 stage II and 15 stage IV, due to regional extension and/or bone erosion. Radiotherapy was employed in all cases, helped by chemotherapy in 20% of them. With a mean follow-up of 62 months, 5-years survival was 32% (IC 14,06-52,09). Of 27 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4 were differentiated (type I), 2 moderately differentiated (type II) and 22 undifferentiated (type III). While LMP-1 was only expressed by 41% of cases, PCR detected Epstein-Barr virus genome in 26 cases (96%) and in situ hybridization for EBERs was positive in all cases. Thus, all nasopharyngeal carcinomas were related to Epstein-Barr virus. Expression of LMP-1 seemed to worse the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

Functional organ preservation after chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with loco-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the outcome after induction chemotherapy and concurrent multi-drug chemoradiotherapy (IC/CCRT) with or without post-chemoradiation neck dissection in medically fit elderly patients with loco-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Retrospective study including 44 elderly patients (median age 71 years; range 66–77 years) with previously untreated, inoperable, histologically proven non-metastatic stage III or IV HNSCC. Following one cycle of IC, two cycles of cis-platinum and 5-fluorouracil CCRT with conventional fractionated radiotherapy up to a dose of 66–70 Gy were administrated. A neck dissection was recommended for patients with node metastasis larger than 3 cm regardless of the response to therapy and for patients who had suspected persistent neck disease 8–12 weeks after completing treatment. Salvage surgery was considered for histologically proven persistent or recurrent tumor in the primary site. Time-to-event data were described using Kaplan–Meier actuarial curves. Overall, 37 patients (84.1%) completed the planned treatment. There were no cases of treatment-related deaths. Twenty-nine patients (65.9%) developed severe toxicities with grade 4 toxicity accounting for 22.7%. The median follow-up time in survivors was 41 months. Three-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and functional progression-free survival estimates were 70.9, 67.0, and 57.3%, respectively. In selected medically fit elderly patients with loco-regionally advanced HNSCC, cis-platinum-based chemoradiotherapy can be successfully applied, with moderate adverse events, in attempt to preserve a functional upper aerodigestive tract.     

Supracricoid laryngectomies: Long-term oncological and functional results

Conclusions. Our results confirm that supracricoid laryngectomies (SL) are reliable techniques for glottosupraglottic tumors, even for selected T3 and T4 cases, if the indications are correct. These surgical techniques allow a good quality of life with the preservation of the larynx. Objective. SL with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) and cricohyoidopexy (CHP) have been popular over the last 20 years for the treatment of the glottic and/or supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma due to demonstrated good oncological and functional results. We report our experience with these techniques, with special focus on long-term oncological and functional results. Patients and methods. We retrospectively reviewed 206 patients who had undergone SL with CHEP or CHP technique between 1987 and 1998 for glottosupraglottic squamous cell carcinoma in our department. The long-term results for 206 patients with T1–T4 laryngeal carcinomas treated with SL are reported: 90.8% CHEP and 9.2% CHP. The mean follow-up was 62 months. Results. Oncological results: the 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 85%; the 5-year determinate actuarial survival was 88.3%. Functional results: organ preservation rate was 97%. Phonation was assessed according to the GRBAS scale.     

Results of the treatment of 197 squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (1964-1982 treatment period)

197 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx were treated between 1964 and 1982. The 5 year actuarial survival was 43% (+/- 5%). In patients with stage I and II disease the actuarial survival with combined surgery and radiotherapy was 87% (+/- 16%), but with primary radiotherapy 40% (+/- 28% (p = 0.0250). The results in stage III and IV disease were 59% (+/- 11%) with combined therapy and 29% (+/- 15%) for radiotherapy alone (p = 0.0010). The five year actuarial survival for lymphoepithelial carcinomas (Schmincke) was 71% (+/- 16%) after radiotherapy whilst the patients with undifferentiated carcinomas achieved only 29% (+/- 11%). The survival rate for women (71% +/- 12%) was significantly better than for men (31% +/- 7%), although the proportion of stages was not different in both sexes. Because of these results and because of the minimal chances of controlling recurrent disease we prefer combined treatment not only in stage III and IV disease, but also in stage I and II disease. In these early stages partial mandibulectomy can be avoided. In selected cases transoral surgery can be combined with functional, discontinuous neck dissection. The functional results of surgery are thus minimised in the early stages of oropharyngeal carcinoma.     

High case volume of radiation oncologists is associated with better survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy: a multifactorial cohort analysis

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2011, 36 , 558–565 Objectives: The relationship between physician case volume and patient outcome in patients with head and neck cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the association between the case volume of radiation oncologists and the survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Based on nationwide claims data (National Health Research Insurance Database) in the years 2002–2008. Participants: Newly diagnosed patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving curative radiotherapy in the year 2003. Main outcome measures: Overall survival until 2008. We used the running log‐rank test to decide the optimal threshold for categorising the case volume of radiation oncologists. The characteristics of patients, their treatments and contact with health service providers were considered as co‐explanatory variables. The log‐rank test and Cox regression were performed. Sensitivity analyses were carried out regarding major study assumptions. Results: Five hundred and sixty‐two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma newly diagnosed in 2003 were identified as the study cohort. The 5‐year overall survival was better among patients treated by high‐volume (≥6 patients in year 2002) radiation oncologists than by low‐volume (<6 patients in year 2002) radiation oncologists (77%versus 64%, P = 0.0007). The adjusted hazard ratio of death was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.91) upon multivariate analysis. Patients aged at least 65 years also had a lower survival rate than those younger than 65 years old (adjusted hazard ratio of death: 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.94–4.08).The physician case volume and patient outcome effect remained the same after sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by high‐volume radiation oncologists have better survival compared with those treated by low‐volume radiation oncologists. Further studies are needed to verify our findings with similar cancer cohorts treated by modern radiotherapy techniques or other types of radiotherapy.     

Resultados de un protocolo de preservación de órgano en pacientes con tumores localmente avanzados de la laringe

Introduction and objectivesAdvanced laryngeal carcinoma patients, candidates for total laryngectomy, nowadays have different treatment options. One of them is induction chemotherapy, which allows modulation of the second manoeuvre according to the degree of response achieved. This study presents the results of a large series of patients treated according to this protocol.MethodsRetrospective study of 370 patients with T3-T4 carcinomas of the larynx considered as candidates for total laryngectomy. All patients were treated with the protocol mentioned above.ResultsSeven patients died as a consequence of the treatment with chemotherapy. Among 363 patients finishing chemotherapy, 154 (43 %) achieved complete response and proceeded with radiotherapy. Total laryngectomy was performed in 135 (37 %) non-responders and 74 (20 %) patients were treated with radiotherapy in spite of an incomplete response to chemotherapy. Overall actuarial survival was 73 % at five years. Survival for patients with complete response and treated with radiotherapy was 77 % and for non-responders subjected to total laryngectomy it was 76 %. Non-responders treated with radiotherapy had a 5-year survival rate of 64 %, significantly different to both other groups (p = 0.01). Larynx preservation was achieved in 42 % of the patients, rising to 72 % for complete responders to chemotherapy and to 62 % in non-responders receiving radiotherapy.ConclusionsOur larynx preservation protocol including induction chemotherapy for patients with advanced carcinomas who are candidates for total laryngectomy achieved a total survival rate of 73 % with a 42 % larynx preservation rate. The response to the induction chemotherapy was the factor contributing most to larynx preservation.     

15-Year review of laryngeal and oral dysplasias and progression to invasive carcinoma

The objective of this study is to identify a management or follow-up strategy for patients with laryngeal and oral dysplasia. A chart review of all patients with laryngeal and oral dysplasia over a 15-year period was performed. All patients were followed for a minimum period of 5 years from initial diagnosis of oropharyngeal or laryngeal dysplasia. If invasive carcinoma was demonstrated on subsequent biopsies, the exact time of this was recorded and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted. In the laryngeal cohort, 45 patients were identified, 15 (33%) developed carcinoma, 7 of 30 patients (23%) with mild or moderate dysplasia, compared with 8 of 15 (53%) with severe dysplasia or CIS (P = 0.01). Thirteen of the carcinomas (87%) developed within 36 months of original biopsy. In the oral cohort, 32 patients were identified, 17 (53%) developed carcinoma, 1 of 9 patients (11%) with mild dysplasia, compared with 8 of 12 (67%) with severe dysplasia and 8 of 10 (80%) with CIS (P < 0.001). Fifteen of the 17 patients (88%) developed carcinoma within 36 months of original biopsy. In conclusion, although numbers are small, our results show that mild and moderate laryngeal dysplasia behaves differently to severe dysplasia and CIS. Mild oral dysplasia also behaves differently to severe dysplasia or CIS. In general, progress to malignancy happens within a 3-year period. Severe dysplasia or CIS should be managed aggressively.     

Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type of tonsil

A review of 2262 squamous cell carcinomas of the tonsillar region seen at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France, from 1970 to 1986 showed 1837 well- and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas and 425 undifferentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Eighteen patients with undifferentiated squamous cell carcinomas presented histologic characteristics of undifferentiated carcinomas of nasopharyngeal type. Radiosensibility and radiocurability (complete sterilization with 70 Gy administered) was found in this group with an excellent long-term control of local disease (77% at 10 years actuarial). Epstein-Barr virus-related serologic tests were performed for seven patients. Four of them presented the serologic anti-Epstein-Barr virus titer patterns, generally associated with undifferentiated carcinomas of nasopharyngeal type (1280 to 5120 for viral capsid antigen/IgG and 40 to 320 for viral capsid antigen/IgA). These observations confirm that undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharyngeal type may arise outside the nasopharynx.     

Paclitaxel with cisplatin in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the toxicity of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients in concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to see whether such a regime would be better tolerated than high dose cisplatin plus fluoracil in Chinese patients. Thirty-one patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled. Patients were scheduled to receive two courses of concomitant chemotherapy, starting on day 1 and then day 28 during radiotherapy (70–76 Gy in 35–38 fractions in 7–7.5 weeks). Chemotherapy was given by intravenous infusion, paclitaxel 120 mg/m² in 3 h, cisplatin 75 mg/m² (25 mg/m² days 1–3). Adjuvant therapy was paclitaxel 135 mg/m² in 3 h, cisplatin 75 mg/m² (25 mg/m² days 1–3) on weeks 3, 6, 9 after radiotherapy. All patients completed radiotherapy, but for concomitant chemoradiotherapy, 20 of the 31 patients completed the 2 cycles of chemotherapy, while the other 11 could only receive 1 cycle due to various reasons. The median follow-up was 40 months, 2 patients developed locoregional recurrences, one of whom in the cervical lymph nodes, the other in the nasopharynx. The 3-year overall survival rate was 83.9% and the distant metastasis rate at 3 years was 13.6%. Grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia 12.9%, anaemia 6.45%, thrombocytopenia 3.22%, severe arrhythmia 3.2%, and hypersensitivity reaction 3.2%. In conclusion, paclitaxel with cisplatin as concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is feasible, safe, and might improve regional control and survival rates in Chinese patients.     

Long-term results of radium contact irradiation of laryngeal carcinoma and their relevance in modern therapeutical regimens

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that it is widely accepted that a second radiogenic carcinoma might occur after radiotherapy of laryngeal carcinomas, there are only a few long-term follow-up studies published yet. METHODS: Between 1973 and 1988 193 patients have been treated by radium contact irradiation because of glottic cancer (Tcis, T1, T2). After the cancer had been diagnosed by biopsy, a partial resection of the thyroid cartilage in the shape of a window 16 x 18 mm was carried out and a self-retaining capsule which harbours the radium was brought into position. RESULTS: 190 (181 men and 9 women) out of 193 patients could be followed up. At the time of investigation 109 patients had already died, 66 intercurrently. The actuarial disease free survival rate 5 and 10 years for Tcis/T1 glottic cancers were 84.6% and 83.6%. For T2 carcinomas a rate of 100% was found respectively. The actuarial overall survival rate was 96.8% after 5 and 93.1% after 10 years for Tcis/T1 carcinomas. The T2 carcinomas revealed an actuarial overall survival rate of 100% after 5 and 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: As the results of radium contact irradiation are not better than those which can be achieved by microsurgery or modern irradiation techniques no indication exists for a radium contact irradiation of glottic laryngeal cancer today.     

Salivary gland cancer in Finland 1991–96: an evaluation of 237 cases

Conclusion In this material consisting of various salivary gland carcinomas, stage I, male gender and age were the most powerful predictors of patient outcome.

Objectives To retrieve the records of all salivary gland cancer (SGC) patients diagnosed in Finland between 1991 and 1996 and to evaluate the incidence, histological type and location of SGC, the treatment given and the outcome.

Material and methods The records for all SGCs (n=286) diagnosed in Finland between 1991 and 1996 and reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry were retrieved. The histological re-evaluation and retrospective study involved 237 SGC patients.

Results The study population consisted of 125 males and 112 females. The mean age was 59 years (males 61 years, females 58 years). Follow-up was at least 5 years. The commonest tumor location was the parotid gland (n=152; 64%), followed by the minor salivary glands (n=46; 19%), the submandibular gland (n=38; 16%) and the sublingual gland (n=1; 0.4%). The most frequent histological types of SGC were adenoid cystic carcinoma (n=65; 27%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n=45; 19%) and acinic cell carcinoma (n=41; 17%). Surgery, either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities, was used in 209 cases (88%). Radiotherapy was given to 136 patients (57%), 13 of whom (5%) did not undergo surgery. The 5-year overall survival rate was 56.5%, and for stages I–IV it was 78%, 25%, 21% and 23%, respectively (p<0.001; log-rank test). Of the commonest tumor types, the best 5-year relative survival rate was for patients with acinic cell carcinoma (96%), followed by those with mucoepidermoid (79%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (74%).     

Supracricoid laryngectomies: long-term oncological and functional results

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that supracricoid laryngectomies (SL) are reliable techniques for glottosupraglottic tumors, even for selected T3 and T4 cases, if the indications are correct. These surgical techniques allow a good quality of life with the preservation of the larynx. OBJECTIVE: SL with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) and cricohyoidopexy (CHP) have been popular over the last 20 years for the treatment of the glottic and/or supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma due to demonstrated good oncological and functional results. We report our experience with these techniques, with special focus on long-term oncological and functional results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 206 patients who had undergone SL with CHEP or CHP technique between 1987 and 1998 for glottosupraglottic squamous cell carcinoma in our department. The long-term results for 206 patients with T1-T4 laryngeal carcinomas treated with SL are reported: 90.8% CHEP and 9.2% CHP. The mean follow-up was 62 months. RESULTS: Oncological results: the 5-year actuarial disease-free survival was 85%; the 5-year determinate actuarial survival was 88.3%. Functional results: organ preservation rate was 97%. Phonation was assessed according to the GRBAS scale.     

Prognostic factors in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma

IntroductionNasopharyngeal carcinoma has the highest metastatic potential of all head and neck cancers. The survival time of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma has improved significantly in the last decades due to the use of combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as advances in radiotherapy techniques. However, appropriately 30% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma suffer a poor prognosis, mainly due to distant metastasis.ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the survival and prognostic factors in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in patients treated for synchronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma or metachronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma for 14 years (2003–2016). Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test for the whole population and both groups of patients. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model; p-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultsOne hundred and twelve patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included (51 patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and 61 patients with metachronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma). In the whole population, the median overall survival was 10 months (1–156 months). In the multivariate analysis, female gender, poor performance status (WHO > 1) and metachronous metastasis were independent prognostic factors. In the metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, the median overall survival was 13 months (1–156 months). In multivariate analysis, independent prognostic factors were non-oligometastatic disease, severe (G3?G4) chemotherapy toxicity and the lack of nasopharyngeal and metastatic site irradiation. In the metachronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, the median overall survival was 7 months (1–41 months). In multivariate analysis, the poor performance status (WHO > 1) was an independent metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognostic factor.ConclusionOligometastatic patients with synchronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma had better survival. The locoregional treatment of primitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma improved survival in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma who responded to induction chemotherapy. Local irradiation of metastatic sites improved survival of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Grade 3 or 4 chemotherapy toxicity altered survival among patients with synchronous metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.     

喉癌术前放射治疗及单纯手术疗效比较

目的 探讨喉癌术前放射治疗加手术的治疗方式能否比单纯手术提高治愈率。方法 应用前瞻性的随机分组的方法进行临床试验。初治的喉癌病例（不包括声门型Ｔ１病变），年龄在７５岁以下，不伴有喉梗阻，经过临床检查确定解剖分型、ＴＮＭ分期（１９７８ＵＩＣＣ）及手术类型后，通过抽签的方法将患者分入单纯手术组（ＳＡ组）或综合治疗组（ＲＳ组）进行治疗。结果 共完成治疗３７０例，ＳＡ组２１５例，ＲＳ组１５５例，ＳＡ组３年     

喉癌术前放射治疗及单纯手术疗效比较

目的探讨喉癌术前放射治疗加手术的治疗方式能否比单纯手术提高治愈率。方法应用前瞻性的随机分组的方法进行临床试验。初治的喉癌病例（不包括声门型Ｔ１病变），年龄在７５岁以下，不伴有喉梗阻，经过临床检查确定解剖分型、ＴＮＭ分期（１９７８ＵＩＣＣ）及手术类型后，通过抽签的方法将患者分入单纯手术组（ＳＡ组）或综合治疗组（ＲＳ组）进行治疗。结果共完成治疗３７０例，ＳＡ组２１５例，ＲＳ组１５５例。ＳＡ组３年生存率８３．３％，５年生存率８２．６％，１０年生存率８０．３％。ＲＳ组３年生存率７８．９％，５年生存率７６．４％，１０年生存率６８．６％。两组生存率差异无显著性（χ２＝２．６，Ｐ＝０．１）。声门上型喉癌ＩＩ、ＩＶ期两组病例在５年生存率上无区别，１０年生存率ＳＡ组优于ＲＳ组，１０年生存率前者为７３．６％，后者为６３．５％，（χ２＝８．３，Ｐ＝０．００３）。声门上型喉癌Ｔ３、Ｔ４病变行全喉切除的两组５年生存率无区别，１０年生存率则差异有显著性，ＳＡ组为６８％，ＲＳ组为５０％（χ２＝１０．６，Ｐ＝０．０００１）。结论术前放射治疗量４０Ｇｙ不能提高治愈率，而且声门上型喉癌ＩＩ、ＩＶ期病变综合治疗组的１０年生存率低于单纯手术组。     

Serous otitis media. An opportunity for early recognition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

In a prospective study of 271 new patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 36 (13.3%) were found to have cranial nerve involvement. Serous otitis media (SOM) was found in 98 (41.4%) of 237 patients who had undergone complete otologic assessment. The local control of tumor and actuarial survival of three subgroups of patients, namely, 80 patients with SOM only, 11 patients with cranial nerve palsy only, and 18 patients with both SOM and cranial nerve palsy, were analyzed. The local control of tumor was better in patients with SOM alone than in those with cranial nerve palsy alone; those patients with both SOM and cranial nerve involvement had worse local control as well as survival. As SOM is not uncommon in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and adult-onset SOM is otherwise distinctly uncommon, this provides a good opportunity for early recognition and, perhaps, better control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.