BOS MOrth Cases Prize 2004

Abstract

This paper describes the clinical orthodontic treatment of 2 cases that were successfully entered for the 2004 American Orthodontics MOrth Cases Prize. The first case is that of a patient presenting with a Class III malocclusion treated with rapid maxillary expansion and protraction headgear followed by fixed appliance therapy. The second case demonstrates the use of fixed appliances to correct a moderate Class II division I malocclusion.     

BOS MOrth Cases Prize 2004

This paper describes the clinical orthodontic treatment of 2 cases that were successfully entered for the 2004 American Orthodontics MOrth Cases Prize. The first case is that of a patient presenting with a Class III malocclusion treated with rapid maxillary expansion and protraction headgear followed by fixed appliance therapy. The second case demonstrates the use of fixed appliances to correct a moderate Class II division I malocclusion.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

This paper describes the orthodontic treatment of two cases that were presented by the winner of the William Houston Medal at the Membership in Orthodontics examination of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh in 2005. The first case presentation is a Class II division 1 malocclusion treated by a combination of functional appliance and fixed appliance treatment and the second case presentation is a Class III malocclusion treated by a combination of fixed appliance treatment and orthognathic surgery.     

The class III syndrome

A discussion of the esthetic relationships involved with Class III malocclusion is presented, and a suggested method of treatment is outlined. Three case reports illustrate the syndrome and its correction.     

替牙期假性安氏Ⅲ类错He的牙颌特征

目的研究替牙期假性安氏III类错(牙合)的牙颌特征,为早期诊断提供依据.方法假性安氏III类错(牙合)组包括替牙期拍摄的36张头颅侧位片.该组为追踪观察至生长发育期后确定为假性安氏III类错(牙合)的患者(女15名,男21名),替牙期拍摄头颅侧位片时的平均年龄为10.7±2.0岁.选择标准为①安氏Ⅰ类磨牙关系,前牙反(牙合);②功能性下颌前移位.真性安氏III类错组包括替牙期拍摄的40张头颅侧位片.该组为追踪观察至生长发育期后确定为真性安氏III类错并接受正颌手术治疗的患者(女21名,男19名),替牙期拍摄头颅侧位片时的平均年龄为9.7±2.2岁.选择标准为安氏III类磨牙关系,前牙反(牙合).安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)组包括31名安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)患者(女17名,男14名),平均年龄为11.2±1.4岁.选择标准为①安氏Ⅰ类骨面型,②覆(牙合)覆盖正常,③轻度或中度牙列拥挤,④正中(牙合)位时为直面型.结果假性安氏III类错组中,女性"A"点到N perp的距离平均值为-1.63mm,与安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)女性平均值0.52 mm相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).假性安氏III类错(牙合)组上切牙较直立.结论替牙期假性安氏III类错(牙合)组的牙颌特征为①面中部长度(Co-A)稍短,②下颌功能性前移位,但下颌长度正常,③上前牙舌倾,下前牙倾斜度正常,④垂直向生长发育正常.     

The William Houston Medal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 2005

This paper describes the orthodontic treatment of two cases that were presented by the winner of the William Houston Medal at the Membership in Orthodontics examination of the Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh in 2005. The first case presentation is a Class II division 1 malocclusion treated by a combination of functional appliance and fixed appliance treatment and the second case presentation is a Class III malocclusion treated by a combination of fixed appliance treatment and orthognathic surgery.     

Molarization of the lower second premolars.

This paper presents a case of extreme tooth variation. The patient was first observed during the mixed dentition period, when she presented a mild Class II malocclusion with increased overjet and acceptable overbite. In a panoramic radiograph, the presence of lower second premolars of disproportionate dimensions was discovered. When these oversized premolars erupted, the Class I malocclusion tended toward Class III, with an edge-to-edge bite. This created an unstable occlusion and the possible need for extractions.     

Simultaneous maxillary advancement and closure of bilateral alveolar clefts and oronasal fistulas

A technique for simultaneous maxillary advancement with closure of alveolar clefts and oronasal fistulas in the patient with secondary cleft deformities and a Class III pattern of malocclusion resulting from maxillary hypoplasia is described. A case in which this technique was used is reported.     

A novel method of maxillary deficiency treatment by tongue plate--a case report

This case illustrates the treatment of a 6-year-old girl with Class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency. The patient was treated by a tongue plate in the upper jaw. The tongue plate had two Adams clasps on the first maxillary molars, two C clasps on the deciduous maxillary canines and an acrylic plate posterior to the maxillary incisors. The active treatment lasted for 24 months after which favorable correction of the malocclusion was observed. The SNA angle increased by 4 degrees and the IMPA decreased by 11 degrees. This case demonstrates that tongue plate might be an alternative method to extraoral appliances in Class III and maxillary deficient cases.     

Diagnostic criteria for pseudo-Class III malocclusion.

The aim of this study is to identify the diagnostic criteria for pseudo-Class III malocclusion and compare it with Class I malocclusion in the southern Chinese population. Sixty-seven patients (mean age, 10.9 +/- 1.8 years) were included in this study; 36 patients represented pseudo-Class III malocclusion. Selection criteria included the following: (1) anterior crossbite (at least 2 incisors with negative overjet and overbite); (2) mandibular displacement; (3) all patients were southern Chinese who had been followed after the growth spurt, none had developed a skeletal Class III malocclusion; (4) the patients were treated for an average of 7 months to procline upper incisors and retrocline lower incisors. None of the cases received any treatment that might affect skeletal growth. Thirty-one patients with Class I malocclusion were included in the Class I malocclusion group for the comparison of dentoskeletal characteristics with the pseudo-Class III malocclusion group. Selection criteria included the following: (1) skeletal Class I malocclusion with normal overjet and overbite, (2) mild to moderate crowding with Class I molar relationship, (3) straight facial profile. The following were included in the assessment of pseudo-Class III malocclusion cases: (1) family history, (2) molar and canine relationships at habitual occlusion and centric relation, and (3) dentoskeletal morphology. The results were that 72% of the examined cases in the pseudo-Class III malocclusion group showed no family history and 75% showed Class I molar relationship at habitual occlusion. Compared with the Class I malocclusion group, subjects in the pseudo-Class III malocclusion group showed a significantly decreased midface length, increased maxillary-mandibular difference, more retroclined upper incisors, and a retrusive upper lip. In conclusion, a pseudo-Class III malocclusion is characterized by retroclined upper incisors, retrusive upper lip, decreased midface length, and increased maxillary-mandibular difference. Findings of this study showed that patients with a pseudo-Class III malocclusion exhibit certain morphologic, dental, and skeletal characteristics that should be of aid in the diagnosis of pseudo-Class III malocclusion.     

Early treatment of Class III malocclusion: 10-year clinical follow-up

Angle Class III malocclusion has been a challenge for researchers concerning diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. It has a prevalence of 5% in the Brazilian population, and may have a genetic or environmental etiology. This malocclusion can be classified as dentoalveolar, skeletal or functional, which will determine the prognosis. Considering these topics, the aim of this study was to describe and discuss a clinical case with functional Class III malocclusion treated by a two-stage approach (interceptive and corrective), with a long-term follow-up. In this case, the patient was treated with a chincup and an Eschler arch, used simultaneously during 14 months, followed by corrective orthodontics. It should be noticed that, in this case, initial diagnosis at the centric relation allowed visualizing the anterior teeth in an edge-to-edge relationship, thereby favoring the prognosis. After completion of the treatment, the patient was followed for a 10-year period, and stability was observed. The clinical treatment results showed that it is possible to achieve favorable outcomes with early management in functional Class III malocclusion patients.     

Non‐surgical interdisciplinary management for an adult patient with a Class III malocclusion

Non‐surgical camouflage orthodontic treatment can be effective for the management of carefully selected patients with mild to moderate Class III malocclusion. This case report demonstrates how a synergistic combination of camouflage orthodontic treatment and appropriate adjunctive restorative procedures can provide a pleasing treatment outcome for a patient with a significant skeletal Class III malocclusion and diminutive maxillary lateral incisors.     

安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错患者Bolton不调量的分析

目的　了解安氏错患者上下颌Bolton不调量的大小及发生率。方法　选择 4 39例安氏错患者的模型 ,分别测量上下颌 6个前牙 (左右恒尖牙之间 )及 1 2个恒牙 (左右第一恒磨牙之间 )的牙冠近远中宽度总和 ,根据Bolton指数正常值获取上颌Bolton不调量并作统计学分析。结果　 4 39例安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错患者中 ,前牙或全牙Bolton不调量绝对值大于或等于 1 5mm的错患者占该类患者的百分比分别为 1 4 0 2 %、9 4 9%、1 9 32 %或1 9 6 3%、1 5 33%、2 0 4 5 %。安氏Ⅰ类错患者前牙Bolton不调量以上前牙牙量减少、下前牙牙量增多为常见 ;安氏Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错患者 ,前牙或全牙Bolton不调者上颌和下颌牙量偏多偏少 ,差异无显著性。结论　错患者Bolton不调不是引起错发生的主要原因     

Midfacial and mandibular morphometry of children with Class II and Class III malocclusions

There is insufficient evidence in conventional cephalometric analysis of the actual sites of putative maxillofacial change in Class II and Class III malocclusions. The purpose of this study was to provide more information about the morphological characteristics of the midfacial complex and mandible in children with Class II or III malocclusions. Seventy children with Class II, division 1 malocclusion and 70 children with Class III malocclusion were compared with 70 children with normal occlusion. This study was conducted to carry out geometric morphometric assessments to localize alterations using Procrustes analysis and thin-plate spline analysis. Procrustes analysis indicated the midfacial and mandibular morphologies differed between normal occlusion subjects and subjects with Class II or Class III malocclusion (P<0.0001). The deformations in subjects with Class II malocclusion may represent a developmental elongation of the palatomaxillary complex and a shortening of the mandible anteroposteriorly, which leads to the appearance of a protruding midface and retruding mandibular profile. In contrast, the deformations in subjects with Class III malocclusion may represent a developmental shortening of the palatomaxillary complex and elongation of the mandible anteroposteriorly, which leads to the appearance of a retrognathic midface and prognathic mandibular profile.     

骨性Ⅲ类与Ⅰ类错患者基骨及牙弓宽度的比较研究

目的：评价骨性Ⅲ类错合与骨性I类个别正常合上下颌第一磨牙区基骨及牙弓宽度差异。方法：选取骨性Ⅲ类错合患者与骨性I类个别正常合样本各30例。测量CBCT数据中上颌骨颧弓点和下颌第一磨牙阻抗中心对应的颊侧骨皮质点间的距离作为基骨宽度；测量模型上下颌第一磨牙中央窝之间的距离作为牙弓宽度。使用SPSS 22.0独立样本t检验。结果：上颌基骨宽度Ⅲ类组（63.96±3.78mm）小于I类组（65.67±2.76mm）；下颌基骨宽度Ⅲ类组（62.26±3.12mm）大于I类组（60.29±3.15mm）；基骨宽度差为Ⅲ类组（2.31±2.41mm）小于I类组（5.38±1.24mm）。差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Ⅲ类组与I类组上下颌牙弓宽度均无组间差异（P>0.05）。结论：骨性Ⅲ类患者存在上下颌基骨横向发育不调及上下颌磨牙的颊舌向代偿。     

Maxillary protraction after surgically assisted maxillary expansion

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a 32-year-old woman with a Class III malocclusion, whose chief compliant was her dentofacial esthetics. The pretreatment lateral cephalometric tracings showed the presence of a Class III dentoskeletal malocclusion with components of maxillary deficiency. After discussion with the patient, the treatment option included surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) followed by orthopedic protraction (Sky Hook) and Class III elastics. Patient compliance was excellent and satisfactory dentofacial esthetics was achieved after treatment completion.     

Relationship among malocclusion, number of occlusal pairs and mastication

This study evaluated the relationship among malocclusion, number of occlusal pairs, masticatory performance, masticatory time and masticatory ability in completely dentate subjects. Eighty healthy subjects (mean age = 19.40 ± 4.14 years) were grouped according to malocclusion diagnosis (n = 16): Class I, Class Class II-2, Class III and Normocclusion (control). Number of occlusal pairs was determined clinically. Masticatory performance was evaluated by the sieving method, and the time used for the comminute test food was registered as the masticatory time. Masticatory ability was measured by a dichotomic self-perception questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA, ANOVA on ranks, Chi-Square and Spearman tests. Class II-1 and III malocclusion groups presented a smaller number of occlusal pairs than Normocclusion (p < 0.0001), Class I (p < 0.001) and II-2 (p < 0.0001) malocclusion groups. Class I, and III malocclusion groups showed lower masticatory performance values compared to Normocclusion (p < 0.05) and Class II-2 (p < 0.05) malocclusion groups. There were no differences in masticatory time (p = 0.156) and ability (χ2 = 3.58/p= 0.465) among groups. Occlusal pairs were associated with malocclusion (rho = 0.444/p < 0.0001) and masticatory performance (rho = 0.393/p < 0.0001), but malocclusion was not correlated with masticatory performance (rho = 0.116/p= 0.306). In conclusion, masticatory performance and ability were not related to malocclusion, and subjects with Class I, II-1 and III malocclusions presented lower masticatory performance because of their smaller number of occlusal pairs.     

Management of the Class III malocclusion treated with maxillary expansion,facemask therapy and corrective orthodontic. A 15-year follow-up

The facial growth of Class III malocclusion worsens with age, in this case, the early orthopedic treatment, providing facial balance, modifying the maxillofacial growth and development. A 7.6-year old boy presented with Class III malocclusion associated with anterior crossbite; the mandible was shifted to the right and the maxilla had a transversal deficiency. Rapid maxillary expansion followed by facemask therapy was performed, to correct the anteroposterior relationship and improve the facial profile. The patient was followed for a 15-year period, after completion of the treatment, and stability was observed. Growing patients should be monitored following their treatment, so as to prevent malocclusion relapse.     

Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with asymmetry using a bone-borne rapid maxillary expander

This case report presents the successful use of palatal mini-implants for rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular distalization in a skeletal Class III malocclusion. The patient was a 13-year-old girl with the chief complaint of facial asymmetry and a protruded chin. Camouflage orthodontic treatment was chosen, acknowledging the possibility of need for orthognathic surgery after completion of her growth. A bone-borne rapid expander (BBRME) was used to correct the transverse discrepancy and was then used as indirect anchorage for distalization of the lower dentition with Class III elastics. As a result, a Class I occlusion with favorable inclination of the upper teeth was achieved without any adverse effects. The total treatment period was 25 months. Therefore, BBRME can be considered an alternative treatment in skeletal Class III malocclusion.     

Cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial pattern of syrian children with class III malocclusion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphologic characteristics of the craniofacial complex of Syrian children with Class III malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 69 patients with Class III malocclusion (23 male and 46 female; ages 5 to 12 years) were selected on the basis of molar relationship. Cases were analyzed and compared with a Class I control group that was matched for age, sex, and ethnic origin. The children with Class III malocclusion exhibited a distinct craniofacial morphologic characteristic that was manifest in a combination of alterations in angular and linear measurements on the lateral cephalogram. Both the anterior cranial base (SN) and posterior cranial base (SAr) were significantly shorter than normal in the Class III group, and the cranial base angle (NSAr) was slightly smaller than normal. Maxillary length (Co-A) was significantly smaller, and the maxilla was more posteriorly positioned in the patients with Class III malocclusion. The mandible was within the neutral range of protrusion, and there was a slight increase in total mandibular length (Co-Gn), accompanied by a more forward positioning of the glenoid fossa in patients with Class III malocclusion. Dental aberrations in the patients with Class III malocclusion were manifested essentially by a significant decrease in the angulation and protrusion of the maxillary incisors relative to the A-Pog line, whereas the mandibular incisors showed only a slight amount of linguoversion. Patients with Class III malocclusion also tended to have a significantly smaller vertical face dimension and shorter lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me). Because of these distinct morphologic features, early orthopedic intervention with protraction face mask therapy may be the method of choice for most of the patients with Class III malocclusion included in this study.