论中央苏区医学道德的科学内涵

中央苏区医学伦理有别于中国传统医德和国外医学伦理，具有特殊历史意义的独特内涵，它是在革命斗争的熔炉中培育和发展起来的新型的革命人道主义的体现，是无数革命医务人员用生命和鲜血构筑、凝聚而成的一种无产阶级的彻底革命精神，同时也是中华民族优秀人文道德和精神血脉在革命战争年代的深沉积淀和光辉体现。     

坚持党的先进性与弘扬伟大的民族精神

世界是由不同的民族国家组成的。世界各民族在长期的生存发展过程中,都会形成独具特色的民族精神。民族精神反映了该民族对待社会、自然、人生的独特态度。就实质而言,民族精神是一个民族在漫长的繁衍生息过程中逐渐形成的渗透在其思想文化、思维模式、伦理道德、风俗习惯、心理结构、语言文字之中的共同的价值观。价值观具有很强的民族性,是一个民族长期实践的积淀,是现实生活中的价值运动在人们思想中的反映。江泽民同志在党的十六大报告中指出:“在五千多年的发展中,中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的民族精神。”中华民族精神是以汉民族为主干的由五十六个民族组成的中华民族世代相传的,渗透在其血脉、贯穿于其悠久历史、熔铸在其灿烂文化及光荣革命传统之中的性格特征、意志品质、社会心理及其所蕴含的生命力、创造力,是中华民族共同的价值观。中华民族在古代,以儒家思想为核心的礼乐文化与小农经济、等级宗法社会相结合,构成了中国古代民族精神。在近代,变法图存、保国保种的民族主义传统与西方先进科学文化相结合,构成了中国近代民族精神。在新民主主义革命阶段,马克思主义与中国革命实践相结合构成了中国现代民族精神。80多年来,我们党...     

试论高校学生的诚信教育

诚信是中华民族的传统美德，千百年流传下来，亘古不变。“诚信”是中华民族的传统文化中最根本、最耀眼的伦理范畴和取向，是以孔子为代表的儒家思想文化的精髓，诚信思想贯通古今，对人格塑造、品德的培养都产生了深刻的影响。“诚信”理论在现代社会中具有不可忽视的重要意义，与民族的自强、社会的进步和自我的发展息息相关。诚信作为一种基本价值观和道德观，是立身之本、处世之道，具有不可扰拒的人格魅力和强大的向心力、凝聚力。它同平等、和谐、民主、自由等基本价值观念一样，是完善个人德行和提升民族素质的一个十分重要的道德行为准则。     

论“乐”的伦理精神

礼乐文明对中国传统伦理产生了深远的影响。“乐”与“礼”所体现的伦理价值既不相同,又相辅相成。“礼”强调等级分明的伦理秩序,“乐”则追求整个社会的“和同”,体现一种“和”的伦理精神。这一独特的伦理精神的历史建构过程复杂而漫长,在殷商时代呈现为原始先民沟通天人的祭祀仪式,是凝聚群体的集体情感和集体意识;西周的礼乐之治形成了“乐合同,礼别异”的价值格局,“乐”是具有“礼”之规范性的国家制度,通过伦理教化的方式来实现秩序之和;随着西周末年的礼坏乐崩,“乐”在国家制度层面上的伦理规范功能逐渐式微。而孔子赋予“乐”在个体道德层面上的独特价值,是使个体以实现伦理价值为目标、自觉地修养德性的精神动力,由此赓续了“乐”所蕴含的伦理精神的生命力。     

关于民族文化和民族素质问题的认识

民族文化和民族素质是一种社会文化形态,它们之间相互影响和制约。批判地继承中华民族的传统文化,加强社会主义精神文明建设,进行爱国主义教育,发展社会主义商品经济,是弘扬民族文化,提高民族素质的基础。 发展民族文化,提高民族素质,要坚持社会主义方向,有中国的特色,反对全盘西化。要树立民族的自强、自立精神,发扬中华民族优良传统,建设社会主义现代化的中国。     

论中华民族精神

民族精神是一个民族在长期奋斗中提炼出来的思想精华 ,中华民族作为一个文化根基异常深厚、哲学慧眼十分发达的怏怏古国 ,其民族精神更是独具特色。中华民族精神是中华大地上各族劳动人民精神状态中的精华 ,它包含了伟大的凝聚力、创造力、高尚的情操、爱国的气魄以及强烈的民族自尊心、自信心、自豪感等丰富而又珍贵的内容。在新的历史时期 ,弘扬中华民族的伟大民族精神 ,具有重要的现实意义。1　中华民族伟大民族精神的主要内容　　中国各族人民是中华民族伟大民族精神的主要创造者。他们的优秀品质和伟大的精神正是中华民族精神之根本 ,…     

重提学校德育中传统道德精神的教育

中华民族向来是崇尚道德的礼仪之邦，中国传统道德精神是中国传统文化的核心，也是中国道德教育深刻蕴含的精髓。中国传统道德精神在中国古代伦理、哲学、教育的研究文献中已被广泛论析。钱逊先生把中国传统道德精神阐释为重视道德、提倡自觉、重视社会风气、重视礼仪等几项。     

民族精神在加强新时期爱国统一战线建设中的重要性

民族精神是一个民族在适应环境、改造世界的长期发展历程中所表现出来的,为该民族大多数成员认同的,积极与进步的思想品格、思维方式、价值取向以及道德规范的统称,是一个民族心理特征、文化传统、思想感情的综合反映,是一个国家、一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神之柱。江泽民同志在党的“十六大”报告中指出:“在五千年的发展中,中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。”胡锦涛总书记在主持中共中央政治局第四次集体学习时强调:“中华民族是具有伟大精神的民族”,“越是困难的时候,越是要…     

中华民族精神的基本特质

中华传统文化不仅是中华民族精神形成和发展的思想渊源,而且还塑造了中华民族精神的基本特质。中华民族精神的基本特质主要体现为延续不断的恒久性、兼容并包的和合理念、经世致用的入世品格以及崇德尚义的伦理本位。其中,延续不断的恒久性是指中华民族精神在时间上具有古老性和延续性,在历史发展中具有相对稳定性;兼容并包的和合理念是指中华民族精神在历史进程中,不仅能够把既有的优秀思想观念或合理因素融为一体,而且能够积极汲取外来文化的先进成果,并将其进行创造性转化或综合创新,形成新的理念或思想体系;经世致用的入世品格是指中华民族精神强调人们经邦治国,建功立业;崇德尚义的伦理本位是指中华民族精神引导人们把崇尚道德、追求道义作为人生的根本价值取向。     

"女娲作笙簧"神话的文化解读

"女娲作笙簧"神话植根于先民生殖崇拜的文化土壤中.神话中女娲所作之笙簧有着深刻的象征意义,作笙簧乃是一种乞生巫仪,整则神话象喻性地表达着先民对两性交合方能生人的认识.由于女娲所作之笙簧在上古有两性交媾的原始文化内涵,有生殖人口的神秘功能,后世婚恋和乞子乃至乞求再生民俗中多以"笙簧"作为文化形具.这些笙簧民俗事象可以说是笙簧神话中生殖母题的文化蔓延和世俗化流变.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.