Electrocardiographic P-wave characteristics in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

Abstract

Introduction. Seasonal variations in hemoglobin-A1c have been reported in diabetic patients, but the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.

Aims. To study if insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and fasting plasma glucose showed seasonal variations in a Swedish population-based cohort of elderly men.

Methods. Altogether 1117 men were investigated with a euglycemic insulin clamp and measurements of fasting plasma glucose and insulin secretion after an oral glucose tolerance test. Values were analyzed in linear regression models with an indicator variable for winter/summer season and outdoor temperature as predictors.

Results. During winter, insulin sensitivity (M/I, unit = 100 × mg × min^-1 × kg^-1/(mU × L^-1)) was 11.0% lower (4.84 versus 5.44, P = 0.0003), incremental area under the insulin curve was 16.4% higher (1167 versus 1003 mU/L, P = 0.007). Fasting plasma glucose was, however, not statistically significantly different (5.80 versus 5.71 mmol/L, P = 0.28) compared to the summer season. There was an association between outdoor temperature and M/I (0.57 units increase (95% CI 0.29–0.82, P < 0.0001) per 10°C increase of outdoor temperature) independent of winter/summer season. Adjustment for life-style factors, type 2 diabetes, and medication did not alter these results.

Conclusions. Insulin sensitivity showed seasonal variations with lower values during the winter and higher during the summer season. Inverse compensatory variations of insulin secretion resulted in only minor variations of fasting plasma glucose. Insulin sensitivity was associated with outdoor temperature. These phenomena should be further investigated in diabetic patients.     

Femoral Subsidence Assessment After Hip Replacement

Background: In an experimental set up information is to be gained on the error of measurement for subsidence assessment of the stem after hip replacement.

Methods: Subsidence was measured with a pencil and ruler for four different reference lines and with the computerized EBRA-FCA method. Hip flexion, rotation and abduction were simulated in a standardized way. In a second experimental set up, subsidence was simulated in defined steps.

Results: In the tilt study, the maximum error of measurement was 7 mm with standard methods and 1.7 mm with the EBRA-FCA method. In the subsidence study, there was a maximum error of measurement of 1.9 mm with the standard methods. With EBRA-FCA, the maximum error of measurement was 0.2 mm when taking all radiographs into account.

Conclusions: The main error of subsidence measurement is caused by tilt of the femur for standard methods and partly can be reduced by EBRA-FCA. EBRA-FCA is more reliable than standard methods but might underestimate the actual subsidence in a clinical situation.     

HPLC标准曲线法测定氟康唑杂质校正因子的测量不确定度评定

通过对HPLC标准曲线法测定氟康唑杂质校正因子的实验过程进行不确定度评定，探索影响杂质校正因子测定准确性的主要共性因素，为提高测定结果的准确性提供研究思路。首先分别建立了氟康唑及其杂质A、B、C、D、F、I相应的拟合直线，计算各杂质及其对应主成分的拟合直线斜率之比作为该杂质的校正因子。接着以GUM法为基础，根据已经建立的校正因子测定过程的不确定度评定方案，分别计算得到标准曲线法测定各杂质校正因子的不确定度。氟康唑杂质A、B、C、D、F、I校正因子分别为1.068±0.046、0.102±0.005、0.0582±0.003、1.382±0.121、0.802±0.067和1.383±0.119，其中包含因子k=2。最后计算各不确定度分量的贡献率，氟康唑杂质A、B、C、D、F、I校正因子测定的相对合成标准不确定度urel(f)中主成分和杂质的线性方程斜率不确定度urel(K)贡献率之和占比均大于85%；在线性方程斜率不确定度urel(K)中，12组数据中的8组溶液浓度不确定度贡献率占比在80%以上，其中由对照品含量在溶液浓度中引入的不确定度贡献率约为80%。由此可见，标准曲线法测定杂质校...     

SPISE and other fasting indexes of insulin resistance: risks of coronary heart disease or type 2 diabetes. Comparative cross-sectional and longitudinal aspects

Abstract

Background: Fasting insulin resistance indexes are used extensively nowadays. We intended to analyze a new recently presented fasting index, SPISE (sensitivity formula: 600?×?HDL-cholesterol^0.185/triglycerides^0.2/BMI^1.338), in comparison with three previously known fasting indexes, regarding correlation with the insulin clamp index, and for the predictive effects of future long-term risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) or manifest type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 1049 71-year-old male subjects from the Swedish ULSAM study, median follow-up 8?years, were included. All subjects performed the euglycemic insulin clamp, and analyses of four fasting insulin resistance indexes: SPISE-IR (= 10/SPISE), QUICKI-IR, Log HOMA-IR, and Revised QUICKI-IR.

Results: Spearman correlation coefficients with the insulin clamp were 0.60–0.62 for all indexes. Area under curve at ROC analysis was 0.80 for SPISE-IR, and 0.84 for QUICKI-IR, Log HOMA-IR, and Rev QUICKI-IR. Adjusted hazard ratios per 1 SD index increase for long-term risk CHD were similar in all patients: 1.20–1.24 (p?=?0.02–0.03). However, comparing the highest quartile (recommended to define insulin resistance) with the lower quartiles, SPISE-IR was the strongest and the only statistically significant insulin resistance index: HR 1.53 (p?=?0.02). Adjusted odds ratios per 1 SD index increase for long-term risk of type 2 diabetes were fairly similar (p?<?0.001) in all patients: 1.62 for SPISE-IR, 1.97 for QUICKI-IR and Log HOMA-IR, and 2.04 for Rev QUICKI-IR, and also when comparing the highest versus the lower quartiles: 2.8–3.1 (p?<?0.001).

Conclusion: SPISE, easily applicable, performed equally well as other fasting insulin indexes previously recommended for clinical use, regarding correlation with the insulin clamp, and as predictor for future long-term risks of CHD or type 2 diabetes.     

血清前列腺特异性抗原联合Gleason评分对初诊前列腺癌转移风险的预测价值

目的 探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)联合活体组织穿刺的Gleason评分对初诊前列腺癌患者转移风险的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至12月经前列腺活体组织穿刺病理学初次确诊、于海军军医大学(第二军医大学)长海医院行以68镓(68Ga)标记的靶向前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)分子探针PSMA-11为示踪剂的...     

退变性腰椎滑脱的脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数特征分析

目的 探讨退变性腰椎滑脱患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数特征及这些参数与腰椎滑脱的关系。方法 选择2016年6月至2018年6月我院收治的42例退变性腰椎滑脱患者（退变性腰椎滑脱组）和58例无滑脱的退变性腰椎疾病患者（对照组）作为研究对象。收集两组研究对象的一般资料,在脊柱全长正侧位X线片上测量骨盆倾斜角（PT）、骨盆投射角（PI）、骶骨倾斜角（SS）、腰椎前凸角（LL）、胸腰椎后凸角（TLK）、胸椎后凸角（TK）、矢状面躯干偏移（SVA）等矢状位参数,比较两组研究对象一般资料和矢状位参数的差异。以腰椎滑脱率为因变量,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数为自变量,采用logistic回归模型分析腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素。结果 两组研究对象年龄、性别、身高、体质量差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。退变性腰椎滑脱组和对照组患者PT、PI、SS、LL、TLK、SVA差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,而两组间TK差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对退变性腰椎滑脱组进行logistic回归分析,发现LL、PT是影响腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素（P均<0.05）。结论 退变性腰椎滑脱患者矢状位参数PT、PI、SS、LL、TLK、SVA明显改变,LL、PT是影响腰椎滑脱程度的危险因素。     

Treatment target re-classification of subjects comparing estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation and direct measurement of LDL-cholesterol

Aims: To compare low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values calculated by the Friedewald equation with direct LDL-C in patient samples and assess the possible impact on re-classification of LDL-C target values for primary prevention or high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (<2.5?mmol/L) and secondary prevention or very high CVD risk (<1.8?mmol/L). LDL-C is an important CVD risk factor. Over the last decade, there has been a change in laboratory methodology from indirectly calculated LDL-C with the Friedewald equation to direct LDL-C measurements (dLDL-C).

Methods: Reported results for plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and dLDL-C from 34,981 samples analyzed in year 2014 were extracted from the laboratory information system, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

Results: dLDL-C was approximately 10% lower than the corresponding LDL-C results calculated by the Friedewald equation in both men and women. In subjects with triglyceride concentrations above 4?mmol/L (n?=?1250) the same discordant pattern was seen as for the entire study population. Altogether 5469 out of 18,051 men (30.3%) and 4604 out of 16,928 women (27.2%) were down-classified at least one CVD risk category. A very small number of subject was up-classified, in total 37 out of 18,051 men (0.2%) and 28 out of 16,928 women (0.2%).

Conclusions: The two LDL-C methods had a high concordance, but the direct LDL-C measurement consistently gave approx. 10% lower values, and this caused one-third of subjects to be re-classified as having a lower cardiovascular disease risk in relation to recommended LDL-C target values and decision limits.     

Association between perioperative blood transfusion and early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged patients following total hip replacement surgery

Introduction. Accumulating evidence suggests that enhanced inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Blood transfusion can trigger an enhancement of acute inflammatory responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that perioperative blood transfusion is associated with a higher risk of POCD in aged patients following total hip replacement surgery.

Material and methods. Patients older than 65 years undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery were enrolled from October 2011 to December 2012. Neurocognitive tests were evaluated at baseline and at 7 d after surgery by a Mini-Mental State Test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with POCD.

Results. Fifty-six patients (27.3%) developed POCD 7 d postoperatively. Patients who developed POCD were older, had a lower education level and preoperative hemoglobin concentration, had more blood loss, and had a lower body weight (p < 0.05). Patients with POCD were more likely to receive red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion (51.8% versus 31.5%; p < 0.05). A multivariable logistic regression model identified older age, lower education level, and perioperative blood transfusion of more than 3 units as independent risk factors for POCD 7 d postoperatively.

Conclusion. Our data suggested that perioperative blood transfusion of more than 3 units of RBCs is an independent risk factor for POCD in aged patients following total hip replacement surgery.     

HPLC一测多评法同时测定双青咽喉片中10种成分

目的 建立HPLC一测多评法同时测定双青咽喉片中10种成分（柠檬酸、没食子酸、新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C、甘草酸单铵及蒿酮）,验证此方法在双青咽喉片中应用的可行性和技术适应性。方法 以双青咽喉片所含的10种成分为指标成分,采用3种校正方法分别建立各成分与没食子酸的相对校正因子（f_k/s）,计算各成分的量,实现一测多评;同时采用外标法和回归方程法测定该10种成分的量,并比较3种f_k/s所得计算值与实测值的差异,以验证一测多评法的准确性和可行性。结果 3批双青咽喉片中10种成分的计算值与实测值间无显著差异。结论 3种校正方式的一测多评法控制双青咽喉片的质量是准确可行的。     

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores differ between genders in a sepsis cohort: Cause or effect?

Abstract

Background. Controversy exists regarding the influence of gender on sepsis events and outcome. Epidemiological data from other countries may not always apply to local circumstances. The aim of this study was to identify gender differences in patient characteristics, treatment, and outcome related to the occurrence of sepsis at admission to the ICU.

Methods. A prospective observational cohort study on patients admitted to the ICU over a 3-year period fulfilling sepsis criteria during the first 24 hours. Demographic data, APACHE II score, SOFA score, TISS 76, aetiology, length of stay (LOS), mortality rate, and aspects of treatment were collected and then analysed with respect to gender differences.

Results. There were no gender-related differences in mortality or length of stay. Early organ dysfunction assessed as SOFA score at admission was a stronger risk factor for hospital mortality for women than for men. This discrepancy was mainly associated with the coagulation sub-score. CRP levels differed between genders in relation to hospital mortality. Infection from the abdominopelvic region was more common among women, whereas infection from skin or skin structures were more common in men.

Conclusion. In this cohort, gender was not associated with increased mortality during a 2-year follow-up period. SOFA score at ICU admission was a stronger risk factor for hospital mortality for women than for men. The discrepancy was mainly related to the coagulation SOFA sub-score. Together with differences in CRP levels this may suggest differences in inflammatory response patterns between genders.     

Mean platelet volume and its relationship with carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV), a determinant of platelet activation, is an emerging risk factor for atherothrombosis.

Aims. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of MPV in subjects with NAFLD having no confounding factors for atherosclerosis such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In addition, the possible relationship between MPV and carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT), a well known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, was also studied.

Methods. MPV and CIMT levels were measured in 60 biopsy-proven NAFLD subjects and 54 healthy controls. Age and sex were similar between two groups.

Results. Body mass index and waist circumference levels were higher in the NAFLD group when compared to the controls. There were no differences between the two groups regarding LDL cholesterol levels, whereas HDL cholesterol levels were lower in the NAFLD group. MPV and CIMT levels were not different between the two groups. According to the correlation analyses, CIMT levels were positively correlated to age in patients with NAFLD. However, no significant correlation was found between MPV and CIMT levels.

Conclusions. The results of this study do not show any difference in MPV levels between subjects with NAFLD and controls. These finding suggests that in the absence of other metabolic risk factors, MPV might not be involved in the mechanism(s) of increased cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.     

Tissue factor in ulcerative colitis,with and without concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis

Abstract

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) in patients with the severe disease primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) constitutes a distinct clinical phenotype (PSC-UC) with a high incidence of colorectal cancer. Today, PSC-UC diagnosis is built on clinical observations only. Tissue factor (TF) has a potential use in UC diagnostics, and also in colorectal cancer prognostication. Here we evaluate TF expression in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cohort, with special focus on differences between UC and PSC-UC patients.

Materials and methods: Colonic biopsies from UC (n?=?23), PSC (n?=?24), and healthy controls (n?=?11) were stained for TF by immunohistochemistry. Mononuclear cell contribution to TF expression was verified using flow cytometry.

Results: TF was distributed at three distinct colonic locations: in subepithelial pericryptal sheath cells, in mononuclear cells, and in the intestinal stroma. In contrast to UC—where inflammation was accompanied with TF up-regulation—PSC-UC activity remained low during inflammation. Stromal TF positivity was found exclusively in ongoing inflammation.

Conclusion: Our study provides additional support for a divergent pathogenesis in PSC-UC, with an inflammatory environment that differs from classical UC. Stromal TF emerges as a new marker of colonic inflammation.     

Pain drawings predict outcome of surgical treatment for degenerative disc disease in the cervical spine

Introduction: Pain drawings have been frequently used in the preoperative evaluation of spine patients. For lumbar conditions comprehensive research has established both the reliability and predictive value, but for the cervical spine most of this knowledge is lacking. The aims of this study were to validate pain drawings for the cervical spine, and to investigate the predictive value for treatment outcome of four different evaluation methods.

Methods: We carried out a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, comparing cervical disc replacement to fusion for radiculopathy related to degenerative disc disease. A pain drawing together with Neck Disability Index (NDI) was completed preoperatively, after 2 and 5 years. The inter- and intraobserver reliability of four evaluation methods was tested using κ statistics, and its predictive value investigated by correlation to change in NDI.

Results: Included were 151 patients, mean age of 47 years, female/male: 78/73. The interobserver reliability was fair for the modified Ransford and Udén methods, good for the Gatchel method, and very good for the modified Ohnmeiss method. Markings in the shoulder and upper arm region on the pain drawing were positive predictors of outcome after 2 years of follow-up, and markings in the upper arm region remained a positive predictor of outcome even after 5 years of follow-up.

Conclusions: Pain drawings were a reliable tool to interpret patients’ pain prior to cervical spine surgery and were also to some extent predictive for treatment outcome.     

胰岛素泵联合速效胰岛素类似物治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒疗效观察

目的分析胰岛素泵联合速效胰岛素类似物治疗糖尿病酮症酸中毒（diabeticketoacidosis,DKA）的临床疗效。方法选择36例DKA患者,随机选择18例为观察组,给予胰岛素泵皮下注射,余18例患者为对照组,给予常规胰岛素静脉注射治疗治疗,观察两组控制血糖〈13．8mmol／L所需时间及所需胰岛素剂量、纠正DKA所需时间及所需要的胰岛素剂量、患者住院时间,低血糖发生例数。对两组结果进行对比分析。结果观察组纠正DKA的时间明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,控制血糖到低于13．8mmol／L所耗时间及胰岛素的剂量、纠正DKA所需要的剂量、住院时间、不良事件发生率两组之间比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论使用胰岛素泵皮下连续输注方式治疗DKA与传统的小剂量静脉胰岛素降糖效果及所用胰岛素剂量基本相仿。     

血小板/淋巴细胞比值与老年2型糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 探讨在老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法 选取2015年6月至2017年6月河南科技大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院的老年T2DM患者220例,根据彩色多普勒超声检查结果,将双侧颈动脉正常者为正常组（共118例）,颈动脉有粥样硬化者为硬化组（共102例）,检测血常规、血脂、血糖等,计算PLR,比较两组患者PLR、血脂、血糖等差异。采用Pearson相关分析及logistic回归分析进行PLR与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析。结果 硬化组患者年龄、收缩压、血小板计数（PLT）、PLR、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）均高于正常组,而淋巴细胞计数（LC）低于正常组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Pearson相关分析提示,CIMT与年龄、收缩压、PLR、LDL-C、TC、FBG和HbA1c呈正相关（P<0.05）;多元逐步回归分析提示CIMT与PLR密切相关;logistic回归分析提示,在校正部分危险因素如年龄、血糖、血脂等后,PLR仍然是老年T2DM患者患颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素;ROC曲线分析发现,PLR的曲线下面积为0.793,其截断值取100.12时,诊断动脉粥样硬化的敏感度为79.80%,特异度为65.10%。结论 PLR是老年T2DM患颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。     

胰岛素抵抗与心血管危险因素聚集的流行病学研究

目的 研究人群中胰岛素抵抗与心血管危险因素聚集的关系。方法 按照随机抽样的原则,在江苏省邳州市的农村共调查35－59岁的常住居民1196人,其中男性533人,女性663人,平均年龄为46．7岁。应用单克隆抗体为基础的酶联免疫吸附试验方法检测空腹真胰岛素,采用HOMA指数作为胰岛素抵抗的指标。应用Spearman相关、偏相关分析以及多因素非条件Logistic回归等统计分析方法研究胰岛素抵抗与高血压、超重、中心性肥胖、血脂紊乱及心血管危险因素聚集的关系。结果 真胰岛素与HOMA指数的中位数（四分位间距）分别为4．89（3．02－7．09）mIU/L及0．98（0．57－1．44）,在性别间分布均为女性高于男性（P＜0．01）。HOMA指数与心血管危险因素数目的相关系数为0．290（P＜0．01）。在调整了年龄、性别、体重指数与腰围变量后,HOMA指数与危险因素数目的偏相关系数为0．1776（P＜0．01）。非条件多元逐步Logistic回归分析显示,胰岛素抵抗独立于年龄、性别、体重指数、腰围与心血管危险因素聚集相关,其OR值（95％可信限）为1．250（1．089－1．434）。结论 胰岛素抵抗为心血管危险因素聚集的中心环节,非酯化脂肪酸的代谢异常引起碳水化合物与血脂代谢紊乱可能是胰岛素抵抗导致心血管危险因素聚集的机制。     

Risk factors for No. 12p and No. 12b lymph node metastases in advanced gastric cancer in China

Abstract

Background. The risk factors for No. 12p and No. 12b lymph node (LN) metastases in advanced gastric cancer (GC) remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for No. 12p and No. 12b LN metastases in advanced GC.

Methods. From January 1999 to December 2005, a retrospective analysis of 163 patients with advanced GC who underwent D2 lymphadenectomy in addition to No. 12p and No. 12b LN dissections was conducted. Potential clinicopathological factors that could influence No. 12p and No. 12b LN metastases were statistically analyzed.

Results. There were 15 cases (9.2%) with No. 12p LN metastases and 5 cases (3.1%) with synchronous No. 12b LN metastases. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the Borrmann type (III/IV versus I/II, P = 0.029), localization (lesser/circular versus greater, P = 0.025), and depth of invasion (pT4 versus pT2/pT3, P = 0.009) were associated with 11.1-, 3.8-, and 5.6-fold increases, respectively, for risk of No. 12p and No. 12b LN metastases. A logistic regression analysis also showed that No. 5 (P = 0.006) and No. 12a (P = 0.004) LN metastases were associated with 6.9- and 11.3-fold increases, respectively, for risk of No. 12p and No. 12b LN metastases. In addition, significant differences in 5-year survival of patients with and without No. 12p and No. 12b LN metastases were observed (13.3% versus 35.1%, P = 0.022).

Conclusion. We conclude that Borrmann type, localization, and depth of invasion are significant variables for identifying patients with No. 12p and No. 12b LN metastases. Individuals with No. 5 or No. 12a LN metastases should be on high alert for the possibility of additional metastases to the No. 12p and No. 12b LNs.     

Prevalence and natural history of and risk factors for subaneurysmal aorta among 65-year-old men

Abstract

Background: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of screening-detected subaneurysmal aorta (SAA), i.e. an aortic diameter of 2.5–2.9?cm, its associated risk factors, and natural history among 65-year-old men.

Methods: A total of 14,620 men had their abdominal aortas screened with ultrasound and completed a health questionnaire containing information on smoking habits and medical history. They were categorized based on the aortic diameter: normal aorta (<2.5?cm; n?=?14,129), SAA (2.5–2.9?cm; n?=?258), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (≥3.0?cm; n?=?233). The SAA-group was rescanned after 5?years. Associated risk factors were analyzed.

Results: The SAA-prevalence was 1.9% (95% confidence interval 1.7%–2.1%), with 57.0% (50.7%–63.3%) expanding to ≥3.0?cm within 5?years. Frequency of smoking, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and claudication were significantly higher in those with SAA and AAA compared to those with normal aortic diameter. Current smoking was the strongest risk factor for SAA (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; P?<?0.001) and even stronger for AAA (OR 3.6; P?<?0.001). Men with SAA expanding to AAA within 5?years presented pronounced similarities to AAA at baseline.

Conclusions: Men with SAA and AAA presented marked similarities in the risk factor profile. Smoking was the strongest risk factor with an incremental association with disease severity, and disease progression. This indicates that SAA and AAA may have the same pathophysiological origin and that SAA should be considered as an early stage of aneurysm formation. Further research on the cost-effectiveness and potential benefits of surveillance as well as smoking cessation and secondary cardiovascular prevention in this subgroup is warranted.     

夜间血液透析患者退出原因及危险因素分析

目的 分析夜间血液透析(nocturnal hemodialysis,NHD)患者退出的原因并探讨其危险因素.方法 收集第二军医大学长征医院2009年2月至2016年11月行NHD满3个月后退出NHD的47例患者和维持NHD的64例患者的临床资料,收集患者一般资料,比较两组患者首次行NHD及末次行NHD时的血红蛋白、血小板、白蛋白、铁蛋白、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素等指标的差异,采用Cox回归模型分析患者退出NHD和死亡的危险因素.结果 47例患者退出NHD,行NHD的平均时间为(31.55±20.30)个月,退出原因分别是死亡、转院、转传统血液透析(CHD)、肾移植及其他.单因素Cox回归分析显示,在原发疾病中,高血压肾病(P=0.007,HR=2.913,95％CI:1.348～6.293)和糖尿病肾病(P=0.047,HR=2.401,95％CI:1.014～5.685)是NHD患者退出的危险因素,慢性肾炎综合征(P＜0.001,HR=0.095,95％CI:0.046～0.195)则是保护因素;在血液检测指标中,低白蛋白水平(P=0.007,HR=0.904,95％CI:0.840～0.973)是NHD患者退出的危险因素;高龄(P=0.027,HR=1.052,95％CI:1.006～1.101)是NHD患者退出的危险因素.多因素Cox回归分析显示,低白蛋白水平(P=0.007,HR=0.911,95％CI:0.848～0.991)是NHD患者死亡的独立危险因素.结论 高血压肾病和糖尿病肾病是NHD患者退出的危险因素,慢性肾炎综合征是其保护因素.低白蛋白是NHD患者死亡的独立危险因素.