ROC曲线评价18F—FDGPET／CT、99Tcm—MDP骨显像及二者联合对骨转移的检出效能

目的采用ROC曲线比较18F-FDGPET／CT、99TcmMDP骨显像及二者联合对骨转移患者的检出效能。方法296例恶性肿瘤患者在2个月内同时接受了18F-FDGPET／CT和99TcmMDP骨显像,对2种显像结果按5分法（0分：骨转移阴性,1分：可能阴性,2分：不能确定,3分：可能阳性,4分：肯定阳性）分别评分,两者之和为联合评分值。以病理诊断或临床随访为确诊“金标准”,采用。检验比较ROC曲线下面积,以评价骨显像、PET／CT及联合评分法对骨转移患者的检出效能,采用r检验比较不同方法在各自最佳诊断阈值下的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果296例患者中,确诊骨转移阳性61例（占20．6％）、阴性235例（占79．4％）。骨显像、PET／CT及联合评分诊断骨转移的ROC曲线下面积（95％可信区间）分别为0．919（0．867—0．971）、0．949（0．906～0．991）、0．994（0．988～0．999）,联合评分法的曲线下面积明显大于骨显像（z=2．866,P=0．004）和PET／CT（z=2．027,P=0．043）各自单独评分法,骨显像和PET／CT法曲线下面积差异没有统计学意义（z=0．881,P=0．378）。最佳阈值点下,骨显像和PET／CT单独检出骨转移患者的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90．2％（55／61）、85．1％（200／235）、86．1％（255／296）、61．1％（55／90）、97．1％（200／206）和88．5％（54／61）、97．0％（228／235）、95．3％（282／296）、88．5％（54／61）、97．0％（228／235）,而联合评分检出的结果分别为98．4％（60／61）、95．7％（225／235）、96．3％（285／296）、85．7％（60／70）、99．6％（225／226）。PET／CT对骨转移患者检出的特异性（X2=19．600,P〈0．001）、准确性（X2=13．755,P〈0．001）、阳性预测值（x2=13．608,P〈0．001）均高于骨显像,灵敏度（r=0,P=1．000）差异无统计学意义;与骨显像、PET／CT单独评分比较,联合评分法检出的特异性（X2=19．862,P〈0．001）、准确性（x2=23．361,P〈0．001）和阳性预测值（x2=11．791,P=0．001）均明显高于骨显像,灵敏度明显高于PET／CT（x2=4．167,P=0．031）。结论18F—FDGPET／CT对骨转移患者的检出效能优于99Tcm—MDP骨显像,二者联合明显提高了对骨转移患者的检出率。     

The relation of bone marrow scintigraphy and unilateral bone marrow biopsy in malignant lymphoma

To assess the diagnostic role of bone marrow scintigraphy (BMS) for detecting bone marrow infiltration by malignant lymphomas, 47 patients, 14 with malignant Hodgkin's and 33 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma underwent BMS with 99mTc-sulphur-colloid and also unilateral iliac crest bone marrow biopsy (BMB). BM involvement in BMB was observed in 11 of the 47 patients. Four of these patients also had BMS lesions. Eight patients had BMS lesions not detected by BMB. There was poor agreement between the two modalities (kappa=0.137). Considering BMB as the gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of BMS were 36%, 77%, 33%, 80%, and 68% respectively. In conclusion, BMS has a high negative predictive value and may be used as a complementary screening test for lymphoma to assess the extent of BM involvement, especially if magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsy or positron emission tomography studies are not available, as is the case in developing countries.     

99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像、99Tcm-MDP SPECT-CT和18F-FDG SPECT-CT探测脊柱转移瘤的比较

目的 比较99Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(99Tcm-MDP)全身骨显像、99Fcm-MDPSPECT-CT与18F-FDG SPECT-CT诊断脊柱转移瘤的临床价值.方法 对行常规99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像的88例肿瘤患者同时行99Tcm-MDP SPECT-CT,同期(2周内)行18F-FDG SPECT-CT.回顾...     

尿I型胶原氨基末端肽辅助骨显像诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移的价值

目的探讨应用尿I型胶原氨基末端肽（uNTX）辅助骨显像诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移的价值。方法选取227例骨显像诊断为可疑骨转移患者,首先测定患者的uNTX,并以其正常参考值上限65nmo]骨胶原当量（BCE）／mmol肌酐（Cr）作为辅助诊断骨转移的临界点：当uNTX〉65nmolBCE／mmolCr判断为骨转移,反之为非骨转移。同时综合CT、MRI、PET／CT等检查进行骨转移的确诊。应用单样本或两样本t检验比较组间uNTX差异;利用ROC曲线对uNTX辅助骨显像诊断骨转移的效能进行评价,确立实验诊断的最佳切点值,并以其为甄别骨转移的标准进行回顾性评价,计算诊断效能。结果227例患者的uNTX为（84．30±13．29）nmolBCE／mmolCr,高于正常参考值上限65nmolBCE／mmolCr（t=21．875．P〈O．01）。UNTX〉65nmolBCE／mmolCr者197例,其中188例由综合检查诊断法确诊为骨转移;UNTX〈65nmolBCE／mmolCr者共30例,其中27例由综合检查诊断法确诊非骨转移。综合检查诊断法确诊为骨转移（191例）与非骨转移（36例）患者的uNTX分别为（88．73±8．37）和（60．76±9．14）nmolBCE／mmolCr（t=-18．134,P〈O．01）。UNTX值辅助骨显像诊断骨转移的灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性、约登指数分别为98．4％（188／191）、75．0％（27／36）、95．4％（188／197）、90．0％（27／30）、94．7％（215／227）、73．4％,曲线下面积0．982;通过ROC曲线确立最佳切点值为78．88nmolBCE／mmolCr,以此切点值为甄别骨转移的界值进行回顾性评价：灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性、约登指数分别为97．4％（186／191）、94．4％（34／36）、98．9％（186／188）、87．2％（34／39）、96．9％（220／227）、91．8％。结论该研究获得的uNTX最佳切点值可以对骨显像中的疑似骨转移病例进行有效甄别,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Bone scintigraphy and the added value of SPECT (single photon emission tomography) in detecting skeletal lesions.

Skeletal metastases are one of the major clinical problems for the oncologist. Over the last several decades bone scintigraphy has been used extensively in detecting bone involvement since it can provide information about disease location, prognosis and the effectiveness of treatment. Bone scan offers the advantage of total body examination, and images bone lesions earlier than other techniques. In this paper the main clinical problems related to the most common applications of bone scan in breast, prostate, lung cancer and other tumours are discussed. The experience carried out at the National Cancer Institute of Milan by using bone SPECT to detect single bone metastases is reported. One hundred and eighteen patients with bone metastases (from different tumour types: breast, lung, prostate, lymphomas, etc.) were studied by planar scintigraphy, SPECT and other radiological modalities (CT, MRI or X-rays). The overall performances of bone SPECT were sensitivity: 90.5% (19/21), specificity 92.8% (90/97), positive predictive value 73% (19/26), negative predictive value 97.8% (90/92), accuracy 92.4% (109/118). Considering breast cancer, the most frequent pathology in our series, and the lumbar spinal tract, the most common skeletal segment involved, the figures of merit of SPECT were: sensitivity 100% (4/4), specificity 95.3% (41/43), positive predictive value 66.7% (4/6), negative predictive value 100% (41/41), accuracy 95.7% (45/47). In conclusion bone SPECT showed very good performances, in particular improving the predictive value of planar scan in the diagnosis of vertebral metastases.     

The value of bone scintigraphy,bone marrow scintigraphy and fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging in staging of patients with malignant solid tumours: a prospective study

The purpose of this prospective study was to define the value of bone scintigraphy (BS), bone marrow scintigraphy (BMS) and the new fast spin-echo (FSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in screening for bone metastases in patients with solid malignant tumours. It was our particular interest to classify patients into a group with and a group without bone metastases, and not only to compare the absolute number of metastases detected by each method. Thirty-two patients were examined using technetium-99m dicarboxy propane diphosphonate bone scintigraphy, ^99mTc-labelled monoclonal anti-granulocyte antibodies for bone marrow scintigraphy and 1.5 T MRI using T1-weighted and FSE T2-weighted sequences. Against a reference standard obtained by re-evaluation of all clinical and imaging data 1 year after prospective BS, BMS and MRI had been performed, the three imaging modalities were falsely positive in two, eight and two cases and falsely negative in zero and four cases, respectively. BMS was falsely positive in eight patients because of vertebral marrow degeneration which caused photopenic defects which could not be differentiated from metastases. MRI showed these lesions to unequivocally contain fat. BMS and MRI were falsely negative in four cases because of the limited field of examination. In our study the key factor in classifying a patient as bone MI or MO was the possibility of surveying the entire skeleton, as is the case in BS, and not that MRI had a higher sensitivity compared to BS when analysis was on a lesion-by-lesion basis. BMS had the same limitations as MRI because the usual bone marrow distribution resulted in a physiologically limited field of view. We conclude that BS remains the method of choice in staging patients with solid tumours despite the fact that MRI is no longer a time-consuming method using FSE sequences. MRI has a complemantary role if special questions remain. BMS appears to have little value in the detection of bone metastases because of its poor specificity, its limited spatial resolution and its restriction to those areas of the skeleton containing haematopoietic marrow. Correspondence to: G.K. v. Schulthess     

全身MRI与核素骨扫描对骨转移瘤诊断价值的对照研究

目的 评价全身MRI对骨转移瘤的诊断价值.方法 对30例经病理证实的恶性肿瘤患者在2周内分别进行伞身MRI及核素骨显像(BS),采取临床资料同常规MRI、CT等多种影像资料结合分析,辅以必要的随访复查为"金标准",分别以30例患者和270个部位为单位进行分析.使用McNemar检验比较两者对骨转移瘤诊断的敏感度、特异度.结果 30例患者中,"金标准"诊断27例患者存在骨转移,全身MRI检出25例,2例假阴性,无假阳性患者;BS检出27例阳性患者,其中2例为假阳性.以病例为单位,两者的敏感度均为92.6%(25/27),特异度分别为100%(3/3)及33.3%(1/3).ROC曲线下面积分别为0.9630及0.6296,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).以病灶部位为单位统计显示全身MRI的敏感度、特异度分别为90.8%(108/119)、98.0%(148/151),高于骨扫描的70.6%(84/119)、90.7%(137/151)(P值均<0.01).全身MRI的ROC曲线下面积为0.9438,大于BS的0.8066(P<0.01).全身MRI同时发现3例患者存在脑转移,4例患者存在肺转移,4例患者存在肝转移.结论 全身MRI对骨转移瘤的综合诊断能力较Bs好,具有一定的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of whole-body MRI(WBMRI)in detecting osseous metastases.Methods Thirty patients verified with malignant tumor by histology were enrolled.All the patients underwent WB-MRI and bone scintigraphy(BS)with a two week interval.Clinical information,conventional MRI and CT images,and follow-up data were collected as gold standard for the diagnosis of bone metastases.The data of 30 patients and 270 segments as study unit respectively were analyzed.The sensitivity and specificity between WB-MRI and BS were compared with McNemar test.Resuits Bone metastases were confirmed in 27 of 30 patients by gold standard.Twenty-five patients with bone metastases were detected by WB-MRI and no false-positive cases.Twenty-seven patients with bone metastases were Nund by BS but having two false-positive oases.With patients as study unit,the diagnostic sensitivity of WB-MRI and BS were both 92.6%(25/27)and the specificity were 100%(3/3)and 33.3%(1/3),respectively.The area under ROC curve of WB-MRI and BS were 0.9630 and 0.6296,respectively(P>0.05).With segments as study unit,119 bone metastases segments were confirmed.The diagnostic sensitivity of WB-MRI and BS were 90.8%(108/119)and 70.6%(84/119)(P<0.01),while the specificity were 98.0%(148/151)and 90.7%(137/151),respectively(P<0.01).The area under ROC curve of WB-MRI and BS were 0.9438 and 0.8066.The former was obviously higher than the latter(P<0.01).Meauwhile.by WB-MRI,3 cases coexisting with brain metastases,4 cases with lung metastases,and 4 cases with hepatic metastases were found.Conclusion WB-MRI was a good tool for screening osseous metastases.     

18F-Fluoride PET/CT is highly effective for excluding bone metastases even in patients with equivocal bone scintigraphy

Purpose

Bone scintigraphy (BS) has been used extensively for many years for the diagnosis of bone metastases despite its low specificity and significant rate of equivocal lesions. ¹⁸F-Fluoride PET/CT has been proven to have a high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of malignant bone lesions, but its effectiveness in patients with inconclusive lesions on BS is not well documented. This study evaluated the ability of ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT to exclude bone metastases in patients with various malignant primary tumours and nonspecific findings on BS.

Methods

We prospectively studied 42 patients (34–88?years of age, 26 women) with different types of tumour. All patients had BS performed for staging or restaging purposes but with inconclusive findings. All patients underwent ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT. All abnormalities identified on BS images were visually compared with their appearance on the PET/CT images.

Results

All the 96 inconclusive lesions found on BS images of the 42 patients were identified on PET/CT images. ¹⁸F-Fluoride PET/CT correctly excluded bone metastases in 23 patients (68 lesions). Of 19 patients (28 lesions) classified by PET/CT as having metastases, 3 (5 lesions) were finally classified as free of bone metastases on follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT were, respectively, 100?%, 88?%, 84?% and 100?% for the identification of patients with metastases (patient analysis) and 100?%, 82?% and 100?% for the identification of metastatic lesions (lesion analysis).

Conclusion

The factors that make BS inconclusive do not affect ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT which shows a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for excluding bone metastases even in patients with inconclusive conventional BS.     

The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP Planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT.

The aim of this study was to compare the detection of bone metastases by 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) planar bone scintigraphy (BS), SPECT, 18F-Fluoride PET, and 18F-Fluoride PET/CT in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. METHODS: In a prospective study, BS and 18F-Fluoride PET/CT were performed on the same day in 44 patients with high-risk prostate cancer. In 20 of the latter patients planar BS was followed by single field-of-view (FOV) SPECT and in 24 patients by multi-FOV SPECT of the axial skeleton. Lesions were interpreted separately on each of the 4 modalities as normal, benign, equivocal, or malignant. RESULTS: In patient-based analysis, 23 patients had skeletal metastatic spread (52%) and 21 did not. Categorizing equivocal and malignant interpretation as suggestive for malignancy, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of planar BS were 70%, 57%, 64%, and 55%, respectively, of multi-FOV SPECT were 92%, 82%, 86%, and 90%, of (18)F-Fluoride PET were 100%, 62%, 74%, and 100%, and of 18F-Fluoride PET/CT were 100% for all parameters. Using the McNemar test, 18F-Fluoride PET/CT was statistically more sensitive and more specific than planar or SPECT BS (P < 0.05) and more specific than 18F-Fluoride PET (P < 0.001). SPECT was statistically more sensitive and more specific than planar BS (P < 0.05) but was less sensitive than 18F-Fluoride PET (P < 0.05). In lesion-based analysis, 156 lesions with increased uptake of 18F-Fluoride were assessed. Based on the corresponding appearance on CT, lesions were categorized by PET/CT as benign (n = 99), osteoblastic metastasis (n = 46), or equivocal when CT was normal (n = 11). Of the 156 18F-Fluoride lesions, 81 lesions (52%), including 34 metastases, were overlooked with normal appearance on planar BS. SPECT identified 62% of the lesions overlooked by planar BS. 18F-Fluoride PET/CT was more sensitive and more specific than BS (P < 0.001) and more specific than PET alone (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: 18F-Fluoride PET/CT is a highly sensitive and specific modality for detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. It is more specific than 18F-Fluoride PET alone and more sensitive and specific than planar and SPECT BS. Detection of bone metastases is improved by SPECT compared with planar BS and by 18F-Fluoride PET compared with SPECT. This added value of 18F-Fluoride PET/CT may beneficially impact the clinical management of patients with high-risk prostate cancer.     

Bone scintigraphy and radiolabeled white blood cell scintigraphy for the diagnosis of mandibular osteomyelitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of bone scintigraphy (BS) and radiolabeled white blood cell scintigraphy (WBCS) in detecting septic activity in the flat bones of the jaw. A retrospective analysis was conducted using 38 studies of combined BS plus WBCS: 33 of them 3-phase BS and 36 of them 2-phase WBCS. These studies were performed on 34 patients, 19 women and 15 men with a mean age of 56 years (22-79), who presented with suspected mandibular osteomyelitis, either acute or chronic exacerbation. The results were compared with histologic findings (55%) or with a minimum clinical/radiologic follow-up of 6 months (average, 21 months), when biopsy results were not available. BS showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 6.7%, a positive predictive value of 62%, and a negative predictive value of 100%. For WBCS, the corresponding values were as follows: 73.7%, 78.6%, 82%, and 69%. Accuracy was 63.2% for BS and 94.7% for WBCS. WBCS has proven to be a useful test for detecting septic activity in the jaw bone, being more effective than BS alone, which under certain circumstances, can return a very high false-positive rate.     

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography in the diagnosis of tumor recurrence and metastases in the follow-up of patients with breast carcinoma: a comparison to conventional imaging

AIM: To evaluate the role of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET) in the follow-up of breast carcinoma in case of clinical suspicion of local recurrence or distant metastases and/or tumor marker increase in correlation to conventional imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the results of F-18 FDG PET (ECAT ART(R), Siemens CTI MS) of 62 patients (age 58.5 +/- 12.8) with surgically resected breast carcinoma (time interval after surgery, 86 +/- 82 months, mean follow-up 24 +/- 12.6 months). Patient- and lesion-based comparison with conventional imaging (CI) including mammography (MG), ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiography (XR) and bone scintigraphy (BS). Furthermore, we evaluated the influence on tumor stage and therapeutic strategy. A visual qualitative evaluation of lesions was performed. RESULTS: On a patient base, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy for detecting local recurrence or distant metastases were calculated to be 97%, 82%, 87%, 96% and 90% compared with 84%, 60%, 73%, 75% and 74% with CI. On a lesion base, significantly more lymph node (84 vs. 23, P < 0.05) and fewer bone metastases (61 vs. 97, P < 0.05) could be detected by using F-18 FDG PET compared with CI. Sclerotic bone lesions were predominantly detected by BS. On the other hand, there were several patients with more FDG positive bone lesions and also mixed FDG positive/Tc-99m methylenediphosphonate (MDP) negative and FDG negative/Tc-99m MDP positive metastases. In case of normal tumor markers, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy for detecting local recurrence or distant metastases were calculated to be 100%, 85.0%, 78.6%, 100% and 90.3% for FDG PET and 80%, 50%, 50%, 80% and 61.5% for CI. An upstaging could be observed in 9.7% (6/62) and downstaging in 12.9% (8/62), leading to a change in therapeutic regimen in 13 patients (21%). CONCLUSIONS: F-18 FDG PET demonstrates apparent advantages in the diagnosis of metastases in patients with breast carcinoma, compared with conventional imaging on a patient base. On a lesion base, significantly more lymph node and less bone metastases can be detected by using F-18 FDG PET compared with conventional imaging, including bone scintigraphy. In patients with clinical suspicion but negative tumor marker profile, too, F-18 FDG PET seems to be a reliable imaging tool for detection of tumor recurrence or metastases. Considering the high predictive value of F-18 FDG PET, tumor stage and therapeutic strategy will be reconsidered in several patients.     

The clinical value of prostate-specific antigen and bone scintigraphy in the staging of patients with newly diagnosed,pathologically proven prostate cancer

Recent reports suggest that radionuclide bone scan (BS) may not be necessary in the standard staging evaluation of patients with prostate cancer when serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are normal. To evaluate the ability of PSA to predict BS findings, we retrospectively reviewed the case records of 118 consecutive patients (median age 73 years, range 50–90 years) with newly diagnosed, untreated, pathologically proven prostate cancer who underwent BS and serum PSA sampling within a period of no more than 3 months. Fifty-four out of 118 BSs demonstrated metastatic bone disease. A PSA value of less then 10 ng/ml excluded bone metastasis; of 35 patients with a serum PSA level of 20 ng/ml or less, seven had a positive BS (negative predictive value of 80%). These findings provide additional confirmation of the value of low serum PSA concentrations in excluding the need for a staging BS, although the threshold for a high value of negative predictive accuracy is lower than previously reported.     

Diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases detection in cancer patients: Comparison between bone scintigraphy and whole-body FDG-PET

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has become widely available and an important oncological technique. To evaluate the influence of PET on detection of bone metastasis, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of PET and conventional bone scintigraphy (BS) in a variety of cancer patients. METHODS: Consecutive ninety-five patients with various cancers, who received both PET and BS within one month, were retrospectively analyzed. A whole-body PET (from face to upper thigh) and a standard whole body BS were performed and these images were interpreted by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians with and without patient information using monitor diagnosis. Each image interpretation was performed according to 8 separate areas (skull, vertebra, upper limbs, sternum and clavicles, scapula, ribs, pelvis, and lower limbs) using a 5-point-scale (0: definitely negative, 1: probably negative, 2: equivocal, 3: probably positive, 4: definitely positive for bone metastasis). RESULTS: Twenty-one of 95 patients (22.1%) with 43 of 760 areas (5.7%) of bone metastases were finally confirmed. In untreated patients, 12 of 14 bone metastasis positive patients were detected by PET, while 9 of 14 were detected by BS. Three cases showed true positive in PET and false negative in BS due to osteolytic type bone metastases. In untreated cases, PET with and without clinical information showed better sensitivity than BS in patient-based diagnosis. For the purpose of treatment effect evaluation, PET showed better results because of its ability in the evaluation of rapid response of tumor cells to chemotherapy. Out of 10 cases of multiple-area metastases, 9 cases included vertebrae. There was only one solitary lesion located outside of FOV of PET scan in the femur, but with clinical information that was no problem for PET diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic accuracy of bone metastasis was comparable in PET and BS in the present study. In a usual clinical condition, limited FOV (from face to upper thigh) of PET scan may not be a major drawback in the detection of bone metastases because of the relatively low risk of solitary bone metastasis in skull bone and lower limbs.     

18F-FDG SPECT/CT诊断肺癌骨转移的价值:与全身骨显像比较

目的：探讨^18F—FDG SPECT／CT肿瘤代谢显像在诊断肺癌骨转移方面的应用价值。材料和方法：对32例肺癌患者分别进行^18F—FDGSPECT／CT显像和^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像，间隔时间不超过2周。其他影像学和临床随访结果为确诊依据，比较两种方法诊断骨转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性。结果：11个病人共48个病灶最终诊断为骨转移。^18F—FDG SPECT／CT诊断11个病人有骨转移^99T^m-MDP全身骨显像诊断10个病人。按病灶分析，FDG和MDP的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性分别为94％、71％、89％、92％、77％和83％、64％、79％、89％、53％。”F—FDGSPECT／CT的敏感性和准确性优于^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像（P〈0.05）。结论：^18F—FDG SPECT／CT显像在诊断肺癌骨转移方面的敏感性和准确性高于^99Tc^m—MDP全身骨显像。     

第三代双源双能CT虚拟去钙骨髓成像在椎体成骨性骨转移瘤评价中的价值

目的 探讨第三代双源双能CT虚拟去钙骨髓成像(简称骨髓成像)用于评价椎体成骨性骨转移瘤的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年11月至2018年9月在山西医科大学第一医院就诊的48例骨外恶性肿瘤患者[男性27例、女性21例,年龄(62.4±10.5)岁]的椎体骨转移情况,所有患者同期均行双源双能CT成像与9 Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(MDP)全身骨显像,以临床随访诊断或病理诊断结果为标准,比较99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像、常规CT及骨髓成像3种方法在椎体成骨性骨转移瘤中的诊断价值。在骨髓成像图像上测量骨髓密度(CT值),3种方法诊断椎体成骨性骨转移瘤的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率的比较采用χ2检验,采用t检验比较椎体转移灶的骨髓CT值和正常椎体的骨髓CT值,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析骨髓CT值。结果 48例患者共计598个椎体,确诊成骨性骨转移瘤的椎体135个。99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像诊断数为127个,常规CT诊断数为119个,骨髓成像诊断数为129个,骨髓成像诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确率分别为95.56%、94.82%、84.31%、98.65%和94.98%。99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像、常规CT、骨髓成像的阴性预测值(98.17%、96.60%、98.65%)和准确率(92.81%、95.82%、94.98%)间的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=4.891、5.591,P=0.087、0.061);99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像与骨髓成像的灵敏度(94.07%vs. 95.56%)、特异度(92.44%vs. 94.82%)及阳性预测值(78.40%vs. 84.31%)间的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.301、2.190、1.811,P=0.583、0.139、0.178);病变椎体转移灶的骨髓密度较正常椎体的骨髓密度低[(-588.96±332.37) HUvs.(-55.03±75.62) HU],差异有统计学意义(t=31.906,P=0.000)。骨髓密度的曲线下面积为0.99,临界值为-119.6 HU(灵敏度和特异度分别为97.80%和96.50%)。结论 第三代双源双能CT虚拟去钙骨髓成像可用于检测椎体成骨性骨转移瘤。     

超声评价乳腺癌新辅助化疗后的病理反应性

目的 探讨超声术前评价新辅助化疗后乳腺癌残存病变病理反应状态的价值.资料与方法 60例新辅助化疗结束后行术前超声检查的乳腺癌患者,参考Miller&Payne反应性分级将患者的病理反应性分为5级,5级为病理完全缓解,其余为浸润癌残余,4级和5级为组织学显著反应,并以此作为“金标准”,评估超声检查结果的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.结果 术前超声测量残余癌最大直径与病理测得残余癌最大直径呈显著正相关(r=-0.7797,P＜0.01).超声对化疗后浸润癌残余判断的敏感性为92.3％,特异性为50.0％,准确性为86.7％,阳性预测值为92.3％,阴性预测值为50.0％;超声对化疗后组织学显著反应判断的敏感性为86.7％,特异性为84.4％,准确性为85.0％,阳性预测值为81.2％,阴性预测值为86.4％. 结论 超声对于乳腺癌新辅助化疗后浸润癌残余和组织学显著反应的评价有较高的敏感性和准确性,有助于新辅助化疗后术前无创性评价乳腺癌的病理反应性.     

SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像技术在肺癌骨转移诊断中的应用

目的探讨SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像在肺癌骨转移诊断中的应用价值。方法选取59例肺癌疑似骨转移患者行99m Tc-MDP全身骨显像及SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像,以随访结果或活检病理学检查结果为诊断标准,比较两种检查方式诊断骨转移的灵敏度,特异度,准确率,阴性、阳性预测值,并分析肺癌骨转移影像学表现。结果1)59例肺癌患者疑似骨转移病灶146处,经随访确诊肺癌骨转移病灶115处,其中发生于脊椎51处,占44.35%,胸廓30处,26.09%,骨盆16处,占13.91%,四肢11处,占9.56%,颅骨7处,占6.09%;2)SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像诊断肺癌骨转移灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为:99.13%、93.55%、98.28%、93.55%、97.95%,均高于SPECT全身显像的97.39%、67.74%、91.80%、87.5%、91.10%,其中特异度、阳性预测值及准确率差异有统计学意义(Fisher=10.144、5.688、7.101,P<0.05);3)鳞癌:脊椎、胸廓、骨盆、四肢、颅骨转移率分别为42.86%、28.57%、14.29%、7.14%、7.14%;溶骨性、成骨性骨破坏分别为75.00%、25.00%;腺癌:脊椎、胸廓、骨盆、四肢、颅骨转移率分别为46.34%、26.83%、13.41%、7.32%、6.10%;溶骨性、成骨性骨破坏分别为68.29%、30.49%,鳞癌、腺癌骨转移部位及骨破坏类型差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SPECT/低剂量CT融合显像在鉴别诊断肺癌骨转移方面具有良好临床价值,肺腺癌骨转移发生率较高。     

Comparison of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (99 m)Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy for detection of bone metastasis in osteosarcoma

Objective

We compared the diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and (99 m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy (BS) for the detection of bone metastasis in osteosarcoma.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 206 patients with stage II–IV osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy as well as at least one paired PET/CT and BS scan (defined as an examination). PET/CT and BS images were interpreted separately. When analyzing the diagnostic yield of a combination of PET/CT and BS (PET/CT+BS), an examination was considered positive if either PET/CT or BS scored positive. The final diagnosis was obtained from histological findings or clinical follow-up with imaging studies for at least 6 months. Diagnostic performances of PET/CT, BS, and their combinations were calculated.

Results

Out of 833 examinations in 206 patients, 55 with 101 lesions in 38 patients were confirmed as bone metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 95, 98, and 98 %, respectively, for PET/CT; 76, 97, and 96 %, respectively, for BS; and 100, 96, and 97 %, respectively, for PET/CT+BS in an examination-based analysis. Lesion-based analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity of PET/CT+BS (100 %) was significantly higher than that of PET/CT (92 %) or BS (74 %) alone. BS detected significantly less bone metastases in the growth plate region than outside the growth plate region (22 vs. 77 %).

Conclusions

PET/CT is more sensitive and accurate than BS for diagnosing bone metastases in osteosarcoma. The combined use of PET/CT and BS improves sensitivity.     

Comparison of FDG PET and SPECT for detection of bone metastases in breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of FDG PET and bone SPECT for diagnosing bone metastases in breast cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was a prospective series of 15 patients with breast cancer who underwent both PET and bone scanning with SPECT. Comparison was performed on a lesion-by-lesion analysis. MDCT, MRI, and the patient's clinical course were used as references. RESULTS: In the lesion-by-lesion analysis (n = 900), the sensitivity for diagnosing bone metastases was 85% for SPECT and 17% for PET, specificity was 99% for SPECT and 100% for PET, and accuracy was 96% for SPECT and 85% for PET. In the statistical analysis, bone SPECT was significantly superior to FDG PET for its sensitivity (p < 0.0001) and accuracy (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant difference was seen with regard to specificity. When classifying the bone metastases as osteoblastic or osteolytic, bone scanning classified 92% of metastases as osteoblastic and 35% of metastases as osteolytic, whereas PET classified 6% of metastases as osteoblastic and 90% of metastases as osteolytic. CONCLUSION: Bone SPECT is superior to FDG PET in detecting bone metastases in breast cancer. The sensitivity of osteoblastic lesions is limited with FDG PET. Surveillance of metastatic spread to the skeleton in breast cancer patients based on FDG PET alone is not possible.     

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for detecting bone metastases: comparison with bone scintigraphy

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess the reliability of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) in detecting skeletal metastasis and to compare the results with those of bone scintigraphy (BS).

Materials and methods

Thirty-three patients (21 women, 12 men, median age 58 years, range 27–78) were enrolled. Histological proof of malignancy was obtained in all cases. The primary tumour was unknown in 1 patient. BS and WB-MRI were performed as staging procedures in 15 patients, during the follow-up in 6 and to investigate pain in 9 and neurological symptoms in 3. Bone metastases were recorded for 8 different skeletal segments (ribs, skull, cervicothoracic spine, lumbosacral spine, clavicle-scapula-sternum, pelvis, upper extremities and lower extremities) in all patients, for a total of 264 examined areas.

Results

Bone metastases were detected in 18 patients (55%). In 15/33 patients, WB-MRI and BS were concordantly negative. BS revealed focal metastatic uptake in 72%, whereas WB-MRI was positive in 89%. Results differed in seven patients. WB-MRI was positive but BS was negative in five cases. Two patients with negative WB-MRI had focal and intense uptake in the ribs on BS. Out of 264 examined areas, bone metastases were detected in 34 (13%). WB-MRI revealed tumour spread in 26/34 areas (76%) and BS in 21/34 areas only (62%).

Conclusions

WB-MRI is a reliable method for screening patients with suspected skeletal metastases, although BS still remains a useful tool. WB-MRI is also advantageous because it reveals extraskeletal and soft tissue metastases.