反相HPLC法测定兔血浆异钩藤碱浓度及其药物代谢动力学

用ODS柱分离,甲醇—水(95∶5)为流动相,检测波长UV254nm,建立了兔血浆异钩藤碱浓度的HPLC测定方法。结果显示,血药浓度在0016～16μg·ml^-1范围内呈线性关系,血浆最低检测浓度为0.016μg·ml^-1,绝对回收率为80.5%～85.1%。兔iv IRHY 2及5mg·kg^-1,药代动力学过程符合二室开放模型,T_1/2β分别为1.32h和1.25h。兔经十二指肠给2及5mg·kg^-1后,T_1/2β分别为1.75h和1.26h。生物利用度为42.4%～69.4%。此法简便、快速。IRHY在兔体内吸收迅速,消除也较快。     

溴泰君(W198)在大鼠和比格狗体内的药代动力学

目的研究溴泰君(W198)在大鼠和比格狗的药代动力学。方法采用HPLC紫外检测方法测定大鼠及比格狗注射W198后血清药物浓度。结果大鼠iv W198 10,20和40 mg·kg^-1 3个剂量的T_1/2β分别为6.60,7.36和6.77 h,AUC_0-24h分别为3.797,7.371和15.192 mg·h·L^-1,V_d分别为7.14,4.33和4.13 L·kg^-1,CL分别为2.83,2.60和2.71 L·(kg·h)^-1。大鼠im W198 20 mg·kg^-1后T_1/2β为11.61 h,AUC_0-24h为4.191 mg·h·L^-1,im的生物利用度为56.9%。比格狗iv W198 5 mg·kg^-1,T_1/2β为11.72 h,AUC_0-24h为12.646 mg·h·L^-1,V_d为0.70 L·kg^-1,CL为0.46 L·(kg·h)^-1。W198与人血浆蛋白的结合率平均为78.0%。结论W198 im的T_1/2β比iv的略长,其生物利用度为56.9%。在10～40 mg·kg^-1剂量内的吸收呈现一级动力学特征。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清和尿中盐酸青藤碱浓度及药代动力学研究

用RP-HPLC法,以三唑仑为内标,反相C₁₈为分析柱,乙腈—0.01mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠—四甲基乙二胺(46∶54∶0.22v/v)为流动相,磷酸调至pH6.9,检测波长263nm,测定血清和尿中盐酸青藤碱浓度,线性范围分别为6～480ng·mL^-1和0.06～3μg·mL^-1,平均回收率75.88%和91.35%,日内日间误差小于5%,最低检测浓度血清4ng·mL^-1,尿40ng·mL^-1。8名健康男性志愿者单次口服盐酸青藤碱片80mg,测定血清及尿浓度,该药符合二室开放模型,体内消除符合一级动力学消除过程,主要药代动力学参数:T_1/2α0.791±0.491h,T_1/2β9.397±2.425h,T_{max 1.040±0.274h,Cmax246.604±71.165ng·mL^-1,AUC 2651.158±1039.050ng·h·mL^-1,CL 0.033±0.01ng·mL^-1。}     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中醋氯芬酸及其在犬体内药代动力学

建立了HPLC法同时测定家犬血浆中的醋氯芬酸及其主要代谢物的浓度。此法简便易行,精密度好,方法回收率91.3%～96.9%,日内、日间RSD为3.69%～8.13%,血药浓度在0.050～51.2μg·mL^-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数0.9998,当S/N≥3时,最小检测浓度为10ng·mL^-1。此法可同时测定醋氯芬酸及其在体内的主要代谢物。醋氯芬酸po吸收迅速,给药后约12min即达血药浓度峰值,其药—时曲线符合二室模型,T_1/2α仅为2.5min左右,T_1/2β约为137min,代谢物约在110min达到血药浓度峰值,峰浓度为3.20μg·mL^-1,T_1/2β约为140min。     

间硝苯地平在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学

目的用反相高效液相色谱法研究间硝苯地平(m-nifedipine，m-Nif)在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学特征。方法正交设计优化色谱分离条件，Beagle犬分别iv给予m-Nif 0.288 mg·kg^-1和ig m-Nif 1.152，3.456，10.370 mg·kg^-1。用反相高效液相色谱法分析血浆中原型药物浓度，血浆药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药代动力学软件分析。结果Beagle犬iv m-Nif，其体内过程符合二室模型，T_1/2β为116.8 min；ig给予m-Nif 后在Beagle犬体内的代谢符合一室模型，其中低剂量(1.152 mg·kg^-1)组C_max为20 μg·L^-1， T_1/2(k_e)为147 min；中剂量(3.456 mg·kg^-1)组C_max为36 μg·L^-1，T_1/2(k_e) 为122 min；高剂量(10.37 mg·kg^-1)组C_max为69 μg·L^-1，T_1/2(k_e)为144 min。结论Beagle犬ig和iv m-Nif 后，血浆中药物消除迅速，口服绝对生物利用度较低。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆和子宫中黄体酮及其代谢物的浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆和子宫样品中的黄体酮及其代谢物20α-羟基黄体酮,并研究大鼠肌肉注射黄体酮后血浆和子宫中的药物代谢动力学。方法样品经液-液萃取后,以乙腈-水(60∶40,pH 4.0)为流动相,用ODS柱进行分离,240 nm检测。以18-甲基炔诺酮为内标。结果血浆中黄体酮C_max为(508±62) μg·L^-1,T_max为(3.2±0.4) h,T_1/2(k_e)为(10±4) h,AUC_0-48h为(5 886±1 573) μg·L^-1·h,子宫中黄体酮T_max为(5.2±1.1) h,C_max(1.7±1.1) μg·g^-1。20α-羟基黄体酮具有与黄体酮相似的T_max。结论该方法简便、准确,可同时测定黄体酮和代谢物,适用于黄体酮及其代谢物20α-羟基黄体酮的药代动力学研究。     

雷公藤内酯醇在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学

雷公藤内酯醇(triptolide，TP)是雷公藤的主要有效成分之一。研究不同剂量TP在Beagle犬灌胃给药时的绝对生物利用度和药代动力学， 可望为其临床研究提供参考。以泼尼松龙作内标， 用乙酸乙酯液液萃取， 建立LC-APCI/MS选择性离子监测方法测定血浆TP浓度。Beagle犬分别静脉注射TP 0.05 mg·kg^-1、 灌胃TP 0.05，0.08和0.1 mg·kg^-1进行药代动力学和绝对生物利用度研究。结果表明， TP在1～200 ng·mL^-1呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 7)，批内和批间精密度RSD均小于10%，准确度在95.0%～105.0%，提取回收率大于75%。静注0.05 mg·kg^-1 TP后，T_1/2β为(2.5±0.8) h。3个剂量灌胃组，T_max，T_1/2α和T_1/2β，经检验无统计学差异。AUC和C_max与剂量之间线性相关。灌胃0.05 mg·kg^-1后，TP在Beagle犬体内绝对生物利用度为(75±17)%。可见，LC-APCI/MS法灵敏、可靠、专属性强，可用来测定Beagle犬血浆TP的浓度；TP在Beagle犬体内消除较快，灌胃给药生物利用度较高。     

灯盏花素在家犬体内的药代动力学

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定家犬血浆中灯盏花素主要有效成分灯盏乙素的浓度,研究灯盏花素在家犬体内的药代动力学。方法用高效液相色谱法测定6只家犬iv灯盏花素(以灯盏乙素计为120 mg/只)后不同时间血浆中灯盏乙素的浓度,绘制药-时曲线,计算药代动力学参数。结果灯盏乙素的药-时曲线符合三室模型,其T_1/2 γ,T_1/2α和T_1/2β分别为(1.1±0.8) min,(7.0±2.8) min和(52±29) min;Vc为(880±508) mL;CL为(190±54) mL·min^-1;AUC_0-90和AUC_0-∞分别为(574±134) mg·min·L^-1和(599±132) mg·min·L^-1。结论灯盏花素家犬iv给药后,血浆中灯盏乙素浓度迅速下降,提示制剂开发的剂型选择、临床给药方法或给药间隔时间的确定都应该考虑其T_1/2。     

何首乌有效成分二苯乙烯苷的药代动力学研究

目的建立小鼠和兔血浆中二苯乙烯苷浓度的HPLC测定方法,研究何首乌中二苯乙烯苷在小鼠和兔体内的药代动力学行为。方法用Diamonsil^TM C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-甲醇-1%甲酸(15∶18∶67)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长320 nm。结果线性范围为0.41～42.0 μg·mL^-1(γ=0.9999),最低检测浓度为0.051 μg·mL^-1。高、中、低3种不同浓度的平均回收率分别为97.98%,101.7%和104.5%,日内精密度RSD分别为8.7%,2.9%和5.5%。小鼠和兔iv二苯乙烯苷后药代动力学行为均符合二室模型,药代动力学参数分别为:T_1/2α=1.9,2.7 min;T_1/2β=8.3,13.5 min;K₂₁=6.6,4.2 h^-1;K₁₂=3.8,3.0 h^-1;K₁₀=16.0,11.2 h^-1;V_c=0.090,0.198 L·kg^-1;AUC=6.918,4.530 mg·h·L^-1;CL=1.445,2.208 L·h^-1·kg^-1。小鼠ig给药后二苯乙烯苷在胃肠道内的吸收不规则,且血药浓度很低,药代动力学行为不符合房室模型。结论建立了二苯乙烯苷血药浓度的HPLC测定方法,阐明了二苯乙烯苷的药代动力学特征。方法的专属性高,操作简便,结果准确。     

蛇床子素在兔体内药物代谢动力学

目的研究蛇床子素在兔体内的药物代谢动力学。方法用高效液相色谱法,以丹皮酚为内标,以甲醇-水(80∶20)为流动相,测定兔血液中蛇床子素(iv,10 mg·kg^-1)的含量。采用3P87程序计算药物代谢动力学参数。结果蛇床子素iv药代动力学符合二房室开放模型,T_1/2α=5.81 min,T_1/2β=42.2 min,K21=0.036 0·min^-1,K₁₂=0.045 0·min^-1,K₁₀=0.054 0·min^-1,AUC=235 mg·min·L^-1,CLs=0.043 0 L·min^-1·kg^-1,V_C=0.780 L·kg^-1。结论蛇床子素在兔体内分布及消除较快     

A new method for the measurement of nitrosoureas in plasma: an h.p.l.c. procedure for the measurement of fotemustine kinetics

1. An analytical method for a novel nitrosourea, fotemustine, has been developed using solid-phase extraction and h.p.l.c. with u.v. detection. As part of the development, different methods for stabilising fotemustine after sample collection have been investigated. The method has been successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in monkeys and man. 2. Providing plasma was separated immediately from blood and frozen within 3 min of collection, negligible degradation of fotemustine occurred. The samples could then be stored at -20 degrees C in the dark for up to six days particularly if thawing prior to analysis was accelerated using a 50 degrees C water-bath so that it was complete within 3 min. Equivalent results were also obtained with samples stabilised with 0.1 M citric acid immediately after the preparation of plasma. 3. The analytical method showed good precision with a within-day variation ranging between +/- 10.7% at the lowest concentration investigated (0.1 micrograms ml-1) to 2.0% at 50.0 micrograms ml-1. The accuracy of measurement was from 108.9% to 97.6% at 0.1 and 50.0 micrograms ml-1 respectively and the response was linear up to 50 micrograms ml-1. The minimum level of quantitation was 20 ng ml-1. 4. After a single intravenous bolus dose of [14C]fotemustine (100 mg m-2) to Cynomolgus monkeys, intact drug levels rapidly declined (t1/2 12.6 +/- 0.5 min) although the half-life of radioactivity (approx 100 h) was much longer. The plasma clearance of fotemustine was 225 +/- 63 ml min-1 with a volume of distribution based on area of 4.1 +/- 1.2 litres. 5. As with monkey, plasma levels of intact fotemustine in a patient given [14C]-drug as a 1 h constant rate intravenous infusion (approx. 100 mg m-2), declined rapidly but with a half-life of 23.2 min. Again, the half-life for total radioactivity was considerably longer (30.8 h). The plasma clearance was 1426 ml min-1 and the volume of distribution based on area was 47.71.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定白芷中欧前胡素的含量

目的：使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪,采用选择监测离子法测定白芷中欧前胡素的含量。方法：色谱柱DB-5MS（30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm）石英毛细管色谱柱,程序升温：起始温度140℃,保持2 min,以10℃/min速率升温至280℃,保持4 min,以高纯氦气为载气,流速2.0 ml·min-1,样品用CO2超临界流体萃取,萃取液用乙酸乙酯溶解,选择离子监测法定量。结果：欧前胡素在2.10210.00μg·ml-1（r=0.999 7）范围内线性良好;平均回收率为99.9%,检测限为0.1 ng·ml-1。结论：本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、结果准确可靠,可以用于测定白芷中欧前胡素的含量。     

High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for hydralazine in human plasma

A specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for hydralazine in human plasma was developed. Plasma hydralazine is reacted with 10 microliter of p-anisaldehyde for 7 min at room temperature to form hydralazine p-anisaldehyde hydrazone. This derivative is extracted into ethyl acetate, and the solvent is removed by evaporation. The residue is reconstituted in 100 microliter of methanol, and 90 microliter is injected onto a reversed-phase column. The mobile phase is 32% acetonitrile in 0.75 M acetate buffer, pH 3.4, at a flow rate of 2 ml/min. The retention time of hydralazine p-anisaldehyde hydrazone is 6.5 min. The average coefficient of variation over 10-200 ng/ml is 5.5%, and the sensitivity limit is 5 ng/ml. Under the assay conditions, hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone, a known plasma metabolite of hydralazine, yields less than 0.1% hydralazine. Detectable plasma hydralazine levels of 5-20 ng/ml were found 10-30 min after a 0.5-mg/kg oral dose of hydralazine hydrochloride was given to a male volunteer.     

固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中依那普利浓度

建立了用固相萃取高效液相色谱法测定依那普利血药浓度的方法。色谱柱为200mm×4.6mm不锈钢柱,内填 Spherisorb C₈(5μm),流动相为乙醇—水—10% H₃PO₄—三乙胺(30∶70∶1.5∶0.1);流速1.0ml·min^-1,紫外检测波长215nm。血样用固相小柱预处理。此法线性范围25～150ng·mL^-1。最小检测浓度1.5ng·mL^-1,日内及日间误差<8.8%,平均回收率>91.6%。用此法测定了8例健康志愿者po国产依那普利片后的血药浓度并计算了药代动力学参数。     

Alinidine pharmacokinetics following acute and chronic dosing.

1 Alinidine (N-allyl clonidine) pharmacokinetics were investigated in healthy volunteers following acute administration of 40 mg orally and intravenously (i.v.) and chronic administration of 40 mg daily and twice daily for 8 days. 2 After acute oral administration the following values were obtained; Cmax -- 166.5 +/- 18.5 ng/ml at 1.8 +/- 0.7 h (mean +/- s.d., n = 5); AUC -- 1122.9 ng ml-1 h; VdSS -- 190.71 and T1/2 -- 4.2 h, and after i.v. administration: AUC -- 1046.7 ng ml-1 h; VdSS -- 190.71 and T1/2 4.2 h. 3 Clonidine was identified in plasma and urine samples following oral and i.v. administration; clonidine Cmax was 0.26 +/- 0.06 ng/ml at 8.4 +/- 2.2 h and 0.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml at 4.8 +/- 2.5 following oral and i.v. alinidine respectively. Urinary excretion of clonidine represented 0.1% of the administered dose of alinidine. 4 During administration of alinidine 40 mg daily for 8 days, peak and trough plasma levels reached steady state after day 2 (223.1 +/- 123.9 and 9.03 +/- 6.7 ng/ml respectively). During alinidine 40 mg twice daily for 8 days peak and trough plasma levels on day 2 were 356.2 +/- 92.0 and 80.0 +/- 35.8 ng/ml respectively, these levels did not change (P greater than 0.05) between days 2 and 8. Urine elimination of alinidine did not change (P greater than 0.05) between days 5, 6, 7 and 8. 5 Clonidine plasma concentration following alinidine 40 mg daily and twice daily were 0.47 +/- 0.18 and 0.84 +/- 0.21 ng/ml respectively 2 h after administration on day 2 and did not change (P less than 0.05) between days 2-8. 6 It is unlikely that clonidine formed from alinidine contributes to the pharmacological action of alinidine.     

小儿热感宁注射液在兔体内的药代动力学研究

目的 :研究小儿热感宁注射液在家兔体内的药代动力学特征。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法测定小儿热感宁注射液中主要成分葛根素在兔血浆中的浓度 ,用3p87程序计算药代动力学参数。结果 :小儿热感宁注射液在兔体内的药代动力学过程符合开放二室模型 ,主要药代动力学参数为T1/2α=5 25min ,T1/2β=36 04min ,K10=0 042min ,K12=0 063min ,K21=0 093min ,AUC=2561 49μg/(ml·min) ,CL=4 6ml/(min·kg)。结论 :该研究可为小儿热感宁注射液的临床应用提供一定科学依据     

Determination of yohimbine in serum by high performance liquid chromatography

An automated method for determination of yohimbine (Yoh) in the serum was developed by means of column switching high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). TSK-precolumn BSA-ODS and TSK-gel ODS-120T were used as a precolumn and analytical column, respectively. The wavelengths of detection were used at 280 nm (excitation) and 360 nm (emission). A 100 microliter serum sample is directly injected onto the precolumn. Yoh is then eluted within 30 min with an methanol-potassium phosphate buffer mixture. The analytical recoveries (99.3-110.4%), reproducibilities (within-run, C.V. less than 2.27%), and detection limit (0.80 ng/ml, S/N = 3) indicate that this system is suited for determination of Yoh. The five healthy volunteers received a single oral dose 10 mg of HYoh powder. The average of the maximal serum concentration and the area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 4 h were 10.3 +/- 0.88 ng/ml and 19.70 +/- 0.87 ng.h.ml-1, respectively. The elimination rate constant (Kc1) was 0.52 +/- 0.03 h, and biological half-life (t1/2el) was 1.32 +/- 0.12 h.     

The influence of diflunisal on the pharmacokinetics of oxazepam.

Single dose pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, 30 mg, have been studied in six healthy male volunteers in the absence of diflunisal and during continuous treatment with diflunisal 500 mg twice daily. During diflunisal treatment, peak plasma concentration of oxazepam significantly decreased from 387 +/- 18 ng ml-1 (mean +/- s.e. mean) to 241 +/- 10 ng ml-1 and total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) significantly decreased from 5536 +/- 819 ng ml-1 h to 4643 +/- 562 ng ml-1 h. The AUC of oxazepam glucuronide significantly increased from 4771 +/- 227 ng ml-1 h to 8116 +/- 644 ng ml-1 h and its elimination half-life increased from 10.0 +/- 0.6 h to 13.0 +/- 1.0 h. Renal clearance for oxazepam glucuronide was significantly reduced from 74 +/- 2 ml min-1 to 46 +/- 3 ml min-1. In vitro, diflunisal, at concentrations of 125 to 1000 micrograms ml-1, significantly displaced oxazepam from its plasma protein binding, the free fraction of oxazepam increasing by 28 to 56%. The free fraction of oxazepam glucuronide, ex vivo, increased by 49 +/- 5% (n = 3) during concomitant diflunisal treatment. These data suggest that the observed interaction between oxazepam and diflunisal results from a presystemic displacement of oxazepam from its plasma protein binding sites by diflunisal and from an inhibition of the tubular secretion of oxazepam glucuronide by the glucuronides of diflunisal.     

高效液相色谱法测定葛根素氯化钠注射液中葛根素的含量

目的建立以高效液相色谱法测定葛根素氯化钠注射液中葛根素含量的方法。方法色谱柱为VP-ODS,流动相为甲醇-0.1%枸橼酸溶液(25∶75),检测波长为250nm,流速为1.0ml/min,柱温为室温。结果葛根素检测浓度在13~107μg/ml范围内与峰面积积分值线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.6%(RSD=0.63%)。结论本方法灵敏、准确、重现性好,可用于本品的含量测定。