慢性多灶萎缩性胃炎患者胃酸分泌与幽门螺杆菌感染及血清胃泌素的关系

目的 研究慢性多灶萎缩性胃炎(BAG)胃酸分泌与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染及血清胃泌素的关系.方法 将200例确诊的慢性胃炎患者根据病理结果分为轻度、中度、重度BAG组及对照组(非萎缩性胃炎组),监测各组患者24小时胃内pH值的变化情况,并检测其幽门螺杆菌及血清胃泌素的含量,各组间进行比较.结果 (1)150例BAG患者中,Hp感染阳性率70%,随着胃粘膜萎缩程度的加重,Hp感染阳性率逐渐上升;(2)各组间血清胃泌素值比较:轻度萎缩组与非萎缩性胃炎组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05),其余各组问比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05;(3)各组pH值分析结果:BAC胃黏膜轻度萎缩时,pH≤2时间百分比较非萎缩性胃炎组升高,pH＞4时间百分比及pH平均值、pH中位值均较非萎缩性胃炎组降低,中度及重度萎缩时pH≤2时间百分比逐渐降低,pH＞4时间百分比及pH平均值、pH中位值逐渐升高.结论 BAG的发生与Hp感染有关,胃粘膜萎缩程度与Hp感染的严重程度有关;BAG胃黏膜轻度萎缩时,血清胃泌素含量无明显变化;中、重度萎缩时,血清胃泌素含量降低;BAc胃黏膜轻度萎缩时,胃酸分泌增多;随着胃黏膜萎缩程度的加重,胃酸分泌逐渐减少.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性萎缩性胃炎酸分泌与杆菌定植的关系

目的研究胃酸分泌和粘膜萎缩对胃体和胃窦幽门螺杆菌（ Hp）定植的影响。方法将 95例 Hp阳性的慢性萎缩性胃炎患者分组。组一：胃窦中度萎缩伴胃体轻、中或重度萎缩性胃炎;组二：胃体轻度萎缩伴胃窦轻、中或重度萎缩性胃炎。分别测定基础酸分泌、最大酸分泌和胃泌素, Warthin-Starry染色诊断 Hp,同一组织诊断萎缩并分度。内因子抗体阳性者除外。结果组一中胃窦萎缩固定不变的各组之间,酸分泌显著降低组胃窦部 Hp定植率显著降低（ P< 0.05）;组一中胃体萎缩中度与重度组比较,最大酸分泌差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05),胃体重度萎缩组 Hp定植率较中度萎缩组明显低下 (P< 0.05)。组二中胃体萎缩固定不变的各组之间,酸分泌显著降低组胃体 Hp定植率显著降低 (P< 0.05);组二中胃窦萎缩中度与重度组比较,基础酸、最大酸分泌差异无统计学意义 (P >0.05),胃窦重度萎缩组 Hp定植率较中度萎缩组明显低下（ P< 0.05）。结论慢性萎缩性胃炎的低酸和萎缩明显影响胃窦、体部 Hp的定植,两种影响因素既独立又互补。     

慢性萎缩性胃炎的相关因素及内镜与病理诊断比较的临床意义

目的 探究慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的临床相关因素并比较临床中胃镜诊断与病理诊断结果的差别。方法通过在我院进行胃镜及病理检查的994例病人的临床相关因素资料、胃镜及病理检查结果的分析和差异的比较，了解慢性萎缩性胃炎的相关因素以及胃镜诊断与病理诊断结果差异的原因。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎和慢性非萎缩性胃炎在平均年龄、吸烟史、酗酒、既往有胃或十二指肠病史上有显著差异；肠上皮化生和活动性炎症伴随CAG的比例分别为91．2％、76．7％，明显比不伴CAG的比例(分别为8．8％、23．3％)高，两者有高度相关性。CAG在不同部位的萎缩程度有差别：胃窦部CAG以轻中度萎缩为主，重度萎缩很少。而在胃体部cAG和胃窦兼胃体部cAG病人中，重度萎缩占有相当的比例。正常胃黏膜与CAG内镜下诊断以及不同部位间的CAG内镜下诊断为正常胃黏膜、胃窦部CAG、胃窦兼胃体部CAG和胃体部CAG与病理诊断比较的符合率分别为52．5％、37．5％、8％、25％。结论慢性萎缩性胃炎与多方面因素有关，以胃窦部多见，在病理诊断上与胃黏膜的活动性炎症及肠上皮化生有关。胃镜诊断与病理诊断的符合率不高，要提高CAG诊断的正确率，必须在提高胃镜检查技术的同时结合黏膜病理活检。     

血清胃泌素对老年人慢性萎缩性胃炎的诊断

目的 探讨老年慢性萎缩性胃炎(Chronic atrophic gastritis，CAG)患者血清胃泌素的变化及其与幽门螺杆菌感染之间的关系，将胃泌素作为血清学的诊断标志物，用于老年CAG的诊断。方法 120例因消化不良行胃镜和活体组织病理检查的患者，根据病理结果分为正常组、胃炎组、轻度、中度和重度萎缩组共5组。ELISA方法检测血清基础胃泌素、幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体和蛋白刺激后血清胃泌素。胃泌素增加量为刺激后胃泌素与基础胃泌素之差。结果 幽门螺杆菌IgG抗体阳性74例，其中CAG患者阳性53例。血清基础胃泌素、刺激后胃泌素和胃泌素增加量与粘膜病变程度呈负相关。幽门螺杆菌感染可使CAG患者的基础胃泌素的水平升高。胃泌素增加量诊断CAG的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积是0．918(95％CI：0．871～0．965)，临界值为5．5pg／ml，灵敏度和特异度分别为89％和84％。结论 血清胃泌素增加量可做为诊断CAG的敏感标志物，对老年人CAG初始筛选有一定意义，是内镜和组织活检的有效补充。     

复方中药安胃汤对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠TGF-α、COX-2mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨复方中药安胃汤对实验性慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型TGF-α mRNA、COX-2mRNA表达的影响.方法:采用甲基硝基亚硝基胍(MNNG)慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型,36只清洁级健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为病理模型组、安胃汤组、胃复春对照组,共3组.实时定量PCR方法观察复方中药安胃汤对实验性慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型胃黏膜TGF-α、COX-2 mRNA表达的影响,对后者进行图像分析及统计学处理.结果:与病理模型组相比,复方中药安胃汤组和胃复春对照组均显著提高TGF-α mRNA/β-actin值(A值:1.54±0.27 vs 0.78±0.08,1.30±0.15 vs 0.78±0.08,P<0.01),复方中药安胃汤组优于胃复春对照组(P<0.05).与病理模型组相比,复方中药安胃汤组和胃复春对照组均显著降低COX-2 mRNA/β-actin值(A值:0.36±0.04 vs 0.72±0.13.0.46±0.06 vs 0.72±0.13,P<0.01),安胃汤组优于胃复春对照组(P<0.05).结论:复方中药安胃汤可能通过增加胃黏膜TGF-α mRNA表达,降低胃黏膜COX-2 mRNA表达而起到治疗CAG作用.     

经内镜胃液pH值侧定诊断慢性萎缩性胃炎402例的价值

本文报告402例慢性胃炎患者经内镜胃液pH值测定结果,探讨胃液pH值对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)的诊断价值。结果显示:CAG胃液pH值显著高于慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG,P<0.01),在CAG中随着萎缩程度加重,其胃液pH值逐渐增高(P均<0.01),CAG伴肠上皮化生或不典型增生者,其胃液pH值高于单纯CAG患者。结论:胃液pH值测定较内镜直视观察诊断符合率为高,其敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值强,故胃液pH值测定对提高CAG的诊断具有参考价值。     

慢性胃炎患者胃内pH值相关因素分析

背景：传统观点认为胃酸分泌随年龄增加和胃黏膜萎缩而减少,但也有研究持不同观点。目的：研究慢性胃炎患者胃内pH值与性别、年龄、糖尿病、萎缩和幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）感染之间的相关性。方法：共纳入67例慢性胃炎患者,采用pH试纸测定胃液pH值,病理切片结合快速尿素酶试验或^13C-尿素呼气试验检测H.pylori感染情况。分析不同因素与慢性胃炎患者胃内pH值的相关性。结果：67例患者中,慢性非萎缩性胃炎患者35例（52．2％）,慢性萎缩性胃炎32例（47．8％）;H.pylori阳性21例（31．3％）,H.pylori阴性46例（68．7％）。平均胃内pH值为2．86,胃内pH值随年龄增长呈升高的趋势（P=0．15）。Logistic回归分析显示胃内pH值与性别（P=0．17）、年龄（P=0．06）、糖尿病（P=0．75）、萎缩（P=0．67）和H.pylori感染（P=0．11）均无相关性。结论：性别、年龄、糖尿病、萎缩和H.pylori感染不是影响慢性胃炎患者胃内pH值的重要因素。     

血清胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素-17含量用于筛查慢性萎缩性胃炎的参考值

目的 探讨血清胃蛋白酶原I(PG I)、胃蛋白酶原I/胃蛋白酶原II(PG I/PG II)比值(PGR)和胃泌素-17与慢性萎缩性胃炎的关系,确立其筛查萎缩性胃炎的最佳界值.方法 选择在我院消化内镜中心行胃镜检查符合入选研究标准的100例患者,根据组织病理学诊断结果分为对照组(48例)和慢性萎缩性胃炎组(52例),以免疫放射和放射免疫法检测血清PG I、PG II和G-17水平.结果 慢件萎缩性胃炎组与对照组相比.血清PG I、PGR和G-17水平显著降低(P＜0.001).胃体萎缩组、全胃多灶性萎缩组的血清PG I、PGR显著低于胃窦萎缩组(P＜0.001),胃窦萎缩组、全胃多灶性萎缩组的血清G-17显著低于胃体萎缩组(P＜0.001).根据ROC曲线,PG I、PGR和G-17筛查慢性萎缩性胃炎的最佳界值分别为82.2μg/L(敏感性85%,特异性73%)、7.5(敏感性89%,特异性71%)和8.3 pmol/L(敏感性85%,特异性73%).结论 检测血清PG和G-17可以作为一种无创性的筛查慢性萎缩性胃炎的方法,适合大规模人群普查.     

慢性萎缩性胃炎患者幽门螺杆菌根除后胃黏膜G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量的变化

背景:幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染是慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)最重要的致病因素,根除H.pylori能否阻止或逆转胃黏膜萎缩目前尚不清楚.目的:通过观察CAG患者H.pylori根除前后胃黏膜G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量的变化,探讨H.pylori感染对胃黏膜G细胞数量及其分泌功能的影响.方法:60例H.pylori阳性的CAG患者进行了根除治疗,在治疗前和治疗结束3个月后分别行胃镜检查.采用免疫组织化学法和放射免疫分析法测定H.pylori根除前后胃窦黏膜G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量.结果:31例H.pylori感染的CAG患者在根除治疗3个月后进行了复查,根除率为77.4%.G细胞数量和血清胃泌素含量随胃黏膜萎缩程度的加重而逐渐显著减少(P<0.01).轻度萎缩组H.pylori根除后G细胞数量与治疗前相比无显著差异(P<0.05),而升高的血清胃泌素含量显著降低(P<0.01);中、重度萎缩组H.pylori根除后减少的G细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),血清胃泌素含量呈上升趋势(P<0.05).结论:CAG患者根除H.pylori后胃黏膜G细胞数量及其合成、分泌胃泌素的功能可出现恢复性变化,可能有助于阻断CAG的进一步发展.     

Hp感染及血清PCT、G-17在参与介导老年慢性萎缩性胃炎病理过程中的作用

目的 探讨幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染及血清降钙素原(PCT)、胃泌素(G)-17在参与介导老年慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)病理过程中的作用。方法 选取老年CAG患者96例为观察组，同期选取诊断为老年慢性非萎缩性胃炎(CNAG)患者92例为对照组，可通过¹³C呼气试验检测Hp,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清PCT、G-17水平，分析Hp感染及血清PCT、G-17在老年CAG病理发展中的作用。结果 观察组Hp阳性感染率与血清PCT水平高于对照组，血清G-17水平低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAG患者Hp感染阳性者血清PCT水平高于Hp感染阴性者，Hp感染阳性者血清G-17水平低于Hp感染阴性者，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同病情程度比较，中度萎缩性胃炎组Hp感染率最高，重度次之，组内Hp感染阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同病情严重程度血清PCT、G-17水平比较，随着胃黏膜萎缩程度加重，血清PCT水平逐渐上升，血清G-17水平逐渐下降，各指标组内比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAG患者中Hp感染阳性率与血...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。