The effect of a triclosan-containing dentifrice on established plaque and gingivitis

Abstract The aim of the present clinical trial was to study the effect on existing plaque and gingivitis of an oral hygiene regimen which utilized a dentifrice which contained triclosan. 120 subjects were recruited for the trial. They were examined for plaque and gingivitis using the criteria of (i) the Turesky modification of the Quigley & Hein plaque index and (ii) the Löe & Silness gingival index. Plaque and gingivitis were assessed in all parts of the dentition and at 6 location points around each tooth. Following a baseline examination, the subjects were stratified in 2 balanced groups based on age, plaque and gingivitis scores. The subjects were randomly assigned to the following treatment: 1 test group used a dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer/fluoride and 1 control group used a traditional fluoride containing dentifrice. The participants were given the assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled toothbrush for home use. They were instructed to brush their teeth in the morning and in the evening for one minute each time. They were re-examined 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after the baseline examination. The findings from the re-examinations revealed that an oral hygiene regimen which utilized a dentifrice which contained triclosan/copolymer significantly reduced pre-existing plaque and gingivitis above what was accomplished by a traditional fluoride containing dentifrice. The improvement of the gingival conditions occurred in all parts of the dentition and at all tooth surfaces and units. In addition, the present data support the hypothesis that triclosan may induce alterations in the quality of existing plaque.     

Clinical effect of a new liquid dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer on existing plaque and gingivitis

BACKGROUND: Dentifrices traditionally have been formulated as pastes or gels. However, liquid varieties recently have become available The authors conducted a study to determine whether a fluoridated liquid product with added triclosan and a polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic acid, or PVM/MA, copolymer delivery system is efficacious for the control of supragingival plaque and gingivitis. METHODS: The authors conducted a six-month, double-blind, parallel, stratified clinical study in accordance with American Dental Association guidelines for the clinical evaluation of antiplaque/antigingivitis products. Subjects who qualified with a suitable amount of existing plaque and gingivitis were given one of two dentifrices: an "experimental" liquid dentifrice containing 0.3 percent triclosan, 2.0 percent PVM/MA copolymer and 0.243 percent sodium fluoride, or NaF, in a silica base; or a "placebo" dentifrice containing 0.243 percent NaF in a silica base. The authors collected subjects' plaque and gingival index scores at baseline, three months and six months. RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that the use of the experimental liquid dentifrice provided a significant reduction in existing levels of plaque and gingivitis as compared with the placebo standard dentifrice. At six months, the experimental group demonstrated a 34.9 percent reduction in plaque formation and a 25.7 percent reduction in gingivitis as compared with the placebo group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: When compared with the placebo, the experimental dentifrice had a significantly better ability to reduce plaque and gingivitis. When compared with results reported in the literature, this new form of dentifrice achieved results comparable in efficacy to those of traditional dentifrice pastes with matching active ingredients. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study confirms that a liquid dentifrice containing a triclosan/copolymer/NaF delivery system is efficacious in its ability to reduce existing plaque and gingivitis.     

Six-month effects of a sanguinarine dentifrice on plaque and gingivitis

A six-month, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a sanguinarine-containing dentifrice in reducing plaque and gingival inflammation. One hundred twenty adult volunteers were randomly assigned to a control or experimental group. The test dentifrice contained 750 mcg/g of sanguinaria extract. A dentifrice of similar composition without sanguinarine was used as the placebo. Plaque and gingival inflammation scores were recorded for four surfaces on each of 12 index teeth at baseline, one-, three, and six-months. Matched pair t-test analyses showed no significant differences between experimental and control groups for mean six-month changes in plaque and gingival inflammation scores in analyses using all 48 sites per subject or in analyses of only the 24 interproximal sites. No long-term reduction was demonstrated in plaque or gingival inflammation with the use of a sanguinarine-containing dentifrice.     

Clinical evaluation of the effect of a proteolytic enzyme mouthwash on plaque and gingivitis in young adults

ABSTRACT One hundred and thirty-one young adults were used in a controlled study to determine whether a proteolytic mouthwash produced from B. subtilis could help remove existing plaque, decrease the rate of plaque accumulation or reduce the clinical signs of gingivitis. These subjects were stratified by means of the Gingival Index and the Shaver-Schiff Plaque Index into severe or mild groups. These groups were further divided in a random fashion into treatment and placebo groups. The treatment group rinsed with a proteolytic mouthwash consisting mainly of neutral and alkaline proteases and amylase. A placebo mouthwash was used by the control group. The results of this investigation indicate that there is no statistically significant reduction either in existing plaque or in the rate of plaque accumulation when this proteolytic enzyme mouthwash is used. Furthermore, in the treatment group the degree of gingivitis as measured by the GI was not reduced.     

The effect of a dentifrice containing chlorhexidine and zinc on plaque, gingivitis, calculus and tooth staining

Abstract. In this 6 months randomized, stratified double-blind parallel study, plaque, gingivitis, calculus formation and tooth staining were assessed in 208 participants. The participants either used a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse and a gum care dentifrice (positive control) or a placebo rinse and the gum care dentifrice (control) or the placebo rinse and an experimental dentifrice containing 0.4% chlorhexidine and 0.34% Zn²⁺ (experimental group). After 6 months product use, all groups had less plaque, less gingivitis and all developed calculus and tooth staining. For the positive control group and for the experimental group, significant reductions in plaque and gingivitis (gingival index and number of bleeding sites) were seen compared with the control group. Significantly more calculus developed in the positive control group, while the experimental group was not different from the control group. Finally, tooth staining was significantly higher for the groups using chlorhexidine containing products compared with the control group. The experimental dentifrice users however did develop significantly less staining compared with the positive control. It is concluded that the experimental dentifrice will contribute to a significant improvement in oral hygiene with less staining compared with using a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse.     

The relationship of sanguinaria extract concentration and zinc ion to plaque and gingivitis

The effects of sanguinaria extract and zinc chloride on plaque growth and gingivitis inhibition were assessed on subjects with initially plaque-free tooth surfaces using a series of oral rinses in a single-blind, crossover, no-oral-hygiene study lasting 2 weeks. A placebo oral rinse containing no sanguinaria or zinc chloride (A), and test rinses containing 150 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and 0.2% zinc chloride (B), 300 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and no zinc chloride (C), and 300 micrograms/ml sanguinaria and 0.2% zinc chloride (D) were evaluated. Subjects using the higher concentration rinses C and D had significantly lower plaque scores than rinse A at 7 and 14 days (p less than 0.05 for C, p less than 0.01 for D). However, groups C and D were not significantly different from each other. Group D had significantly lower plaque (p less than 0.05) and gingivitis (p less than 0.01) scores than group B. Subjects who used rinse B and placebo rinse A had the highest plaque and gingivitis scores and comparison of these two groups revealed no significant difference. At the end of 14 days, the % distribution of 0 plaque and gingivitis scores was greatest among subjects using rinses C and D. Subjects in these 2 groups also had the lowest incidence of plaque and gingivitis scores of 2+. It is concluded that the effects of sanguinaria rinses on developing plaque and gingivitis are influenced more by sanguinaria concentrations than the presence or absence of zinc ion, but that zinc ion may provide a mild enhancement of sanguinaria effectiveness against gingivitis.     

The effect of A Triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice on plaque formation and gingivitis: a six-month clinical study

A total of 108 adult male and female subjects completed a six-month, double-blind clinical study designed to compare the effect of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and 2.0% of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid (Gantrez copolymer) in a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica base to a 0.243% sodium fluoride/silica placebo dentifrice on supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis. Subjects were stratified into two balanced groups by their baseline plaque and gingivitis scores. They received an oral prophylaxis and were assigned to use either the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice or the placebo dentifrice for the next six months. After six months, the dentifrice containing triclosan/copolymer provided a 24.93% statistically significant (99% level of confidence) reduction in supragingival plaque, and a 19.72% statistically significant (99% level of confidence) reduction in gingivitis compared to the placebo dentifrice. Twice daily use of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% of a copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base, over a six-month period, reduces supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis to a significant degree compared to a sodium fluoride/silica base placebo dentifrice.     

The effects of a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and a non-cationic antimicrobial agent on plaque and gingivitis

The antiplaque potential of metal salts in mouthwashes or dentifrices has been previously demonstrated. The purpose of the present investigation was to establish the effects on plaque and gingival health of a dentifrice which contained a combination of the metal salt, zinc citrate, and the anti-microbial agent, Triclosan. Plaque growth was reduced by a dentifrice which contained either zinc citrate or triclosan, but greater inhibition was achieved with dentifrices which contained both agents. A 4-day non-brushing study in which slurries of the dentifrice were used, confirmed that the test dentifrice which contained 1% zinc citrate and 0.5% Triclosan reduced the accumulation of plaque by 50%. In a double-blind crossover study of 28 days duration, a significant reduction in plaque accumulation and an improvement in gingival health was demonstrated for the test dentifrice compared to the placebo. Further analysis of the data indicated that the dentifrice was most efficacious for participants who brushed ineffectively. Also, the greatest benefit was obtained by subjects that used the largest amount of dentifrice.     

The effect of a dentifrice containing zinc citrate and Triclosan on developing gingivitis

A partial mouth experimental gingivitis model was employed to establish the potential efficacy of a dentifrice containing a zinc salt and the antimicrobial agent Triclosan to prevent or delay the development of gingivitis over a period of 28 days. Initially, gingival health was established in 34 subjects following a 6-week period of professional tooth cleaning and oral hygiene instruction. A toothshield was constructed to fit 4 posterior mandibular teeth. Undiluted test or placebo dentifrice was applied to the experimental teeth via the toothshield, which also prevented plaque removal from these teeth during habitual brushing of the remainder of the dentition. The presence of plaque, bleeding after probing and visual signs of inflammation were independently assessed. Plaque accumulated rapidly and gingivitis developed in both groups. At the 2-wk assessments, lower mean plaque scores were recorded for the group using the test dentifrice. At the 4-wk assessment a significantly lower level of gingivitis was recorded for the test group. It is concluded that (a) the model can be used to establish the potential efficacy of a dentifrice to maintain gingival health, (b) the dentifrice containing zinc citrate and Triclosan was efficacious and (c) the Gingival Index possibly overestimates the proportion of healthy gingival sites.     

Effectiveness of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis in Brazilian individuais with cerebral palsy

This randomized clinicai trial investigated the effect of a dentifrice containing triclosan on the reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis in institutionalized individuais with cerebral palsy. Fifty-seven residents were randomly allocated to a test group (n=28, dentifrice with triclosan) and a control group (n=29. conventional dentifrice). A single calibrated investigator performed examinations at baseline and after three months. The amount of dental plaque was assessed, and gingivitis was meas-ured. The caretakers performed brushing with dentifrice. After three months, there was a significant reduction in the plaque index in both groups, but there was no difference between the two groups. There was a significant reduction in gingivitis only in the test group, and the difference between groups was significant after three months. The authors concluded that the dentifrice with triclosan reduced interdental bleeding in the studied population.     

木糖醇牙膏对菌斑抑制效果的临床试验

目的:评价木糖醇牙膏在抑制菌斑生成的临床效果。方法: 60名军校学员随机分为3组,即黑妹木糖醇牙膏组、黑妹空白牙膏组、高露洁全效牙膏组,双盲法评价1周和4周后的刷牙效果。结果:使用木糖醇牙膏4周后,试验组全口平均菌斑指数持续下降,第4周与第1周比较P<0. 01。1周后,三组菌斑清除率无显著性差异; 4周后,黑妹木糖醇牙膏组平均菌斑清除率最高。黑妹木糖醇牙膏组与高露洁全效牙膏组菌斑清除率无显著性差别,而与黑妹空白牙膏组比较有显著性差异。结论:长期使用木糖醇牙膏能显著抑制牙菌斑形成,黑妹木糖醇牙膏与高露洁全效牙膏抑菌效果相当,均优于不含木糖醇的空白牙膏。