反相高效液相色谱法测定千金藤啶碱片的含量

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱测定千金藤啶碱片含量的方法。方法 :采用C18 柱 ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 -三乙胺溶液 (60∶20∶20) ,流速为1 0ml/min ,检测波长为284nm ,地西泮为内标物。结果 :对照品在40～160μg/ml范围内线性关系良好 ,回归方程为 :Y=6 65X—0 996 ,r=0 9999 ,平均回收率为99 56 %～100 7 % ,RSD<0 35 % (n=5)。日内RSD<0 25 % (n=6) ,日间RSD<0 60 % (n=5)。结论 :本法简便、可靠、快速、准确 ,可用于测定千金藤啶碱片的含量。     

一测多评法同时测定妇科千金片中5 种指标性成分的研究

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评(QAMS) 的方法用来测定妇科千金片中5种指标性成分的含量。方法: 以阿魏酸为参照物,采用HPLC法,以Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) ;流动相为乙腈 0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱; 流速:1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长: 254 nm;柱温：30℃;进样量：10 μl。应用QAMS法的方法测定5种指标性成分之间的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法和一测多评法测定妇科千金片中的5种指标性成分的含量,并对２种方法计算结果进行对比分析,以验证一测多评法的实用性与稳定性。结果: 建立QAMS法用于测定妇科千金片中5种指标性成分的含量,并对6批妇科千金片进行测定,其计算值与测定值的差异较小(P＞0.05) 。结论: QAMS 法用于测妇科千金片中5种指标性成分的含量,方法简单、有效、结果准确,可用于妇科千金片的质量控制,并为后续的一测多评的研究提供参考价值。     

氢氧化钠溶液呈色的分光光度法测定红霉素片含量

目的 :测定红霉素片的含量。方法 :以 0 .5mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液为显色剂 ,在 2 36nm波长处测定红霉素片的含量。结果 :红霉素浓度在 2 0 .6 8～ 10 3.4 μg·ml-1范围内呈良好线性关系 (r =0 .9999,n =5 ) ,平均回收率为 10 0 .0 1% ,RSD =0 .91% (n =5 )。结论 :本法简便、准确 ,可用于快速测定红霉素片的含量。     

基于生物检定法的妇科千金片质量控制方法研究北大核心CSCD

目的:建立妇科千金片的生物检定法并用于质量控制。方法:以妇科千金片处方中具有抗菌作用的2种药材单面针和穿心莲为指标,考察它们的单煎混合液对4种标准菌株(金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌)的抑菌作用;利用单面针和穿心莲对照药材单煎混合液对敏感菌的抑菌圈直径大小与质量浓度的对数建立标准曲线,并根据量效曲线测定不同批号妇科千金片的生物效价。结果:单面针和穿心莲对照药材单煎混合液对以上4种标准菌株均有较强的抑菌作用;当单面针和穿心莲对照药材单煎混合液相对生药的质量浓度在0.029~0.137 g·mL^(-1)范围内时,质量浓度的对数与反应效应呈线性关系,且相关性好(r=0.967 0)。结论:生物效价测定法可配合传统的分析方法对妇科千金片的质量进行有效控制。     

HPLC法测定妇科千金片中穿心莲内酯的含量

妇科千金片收载于<中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准>中药成方制剂第十八册,以穿心莲内酯含量为质控指标,穿心莲内酯来源于爵床科穿心莲属植物穿心莲,具有清热解毒,消肿止痛,平喘止咳的作用.<卫生部药品标准>应用紫外吸收法测定妇科千金片中穿心莲内酯的含量,方法复杂,包括回流提取,薄层色谱分离,洗脱并以分光光度法测定.步骤繁琐,不易操作.本文应用高效液相色谱法测定妇科千金片中穿心莲内酯的含量,方法快速,灵敏,准确.     

LEEP联合妇科千金片治疗慢性宫颈炎临床效果观察

目的:观察LEEP联合妇科千金片治疗慢性宫颈炎的临床效果.方法:随机选取120例慢性宫颈炎患者,分为对照组(LEEP)和治疗组(LEEP+妇科千金片),比较两组的疗效.结果:治愈率和总有效率对照组为80.0%～90.0%,治疗组为90.0%和98.3%,两组比较,治疗组疗效要明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:LEEP联合应用妇科千金片可显著提高慢性宫颈炎的疗效,值得推广.     

紫外分光光度法测定苯妥英钠片的含量

目的　测定苯妥英钠片的含量。方法　采用紫外分光光度法 ,以 0 .0 5mol·L-1NaOH为溶剂 ,在 2 12nm处测定。结果　苯妥英钠浓度在 3～ 15mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9998) ,平均回收率为 10 0 .2 % (n =5 ) ,RSD =0 .76 %。结论　所建立的方法简便、灵敏、准确 ,可供苯妥英钠片的含量测定。     

HPLC测定利巴韦林口含片的含量

目的 :建立测定利巴韦林口含片含量的方法。方法 :采用ODS C18柱 ,甲醇 水 (5 2∶48)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 0 7nm ,流速 0 .5ml·min 1。结果 :线性范围为 10～ 5 0 μg·ml 1,平均回收率 10 0 .95 % ,RSD =0 .84%。结论 :该方法简便 ,结果准确     

呋喃妥因片含量测定方法的改进

目的 　研究糖衣对呋喃妥因片含量测定的影响。方法　采用紫外分光光度法 ,并设计 t检验。结果 　糖衣溶液在 3 0 0～ 40 0 nm范围内无吸收 ,重复性试验 ( n=5 ) ,RSD=0 .44 %,稳定性较好 ,( P>0 .0 5 ) ,无显著性差异。 结论 　糖衣对呋喃妥因片的含量测定无干扰 ,不除糖衣可以直接测定呋喃妥因片的含量     

HPLC法测定胃得宁片中芍药苷含量

目的:建立测定胃得宁片有效成分含量的方法.方法:采用HPLC法对胃得宁片中芍药苷的含量进行测定.流动相:甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾-醋酸-异丙醇(50:200:3:);检测波长:234nm.结果:芍药苷在1.018-9.183μg之间具有良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.7%,RSD=2.76%(n=5).结论:该方法灵敏.重现性好,适用于胃得宁片中芍药苷的含量测定.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.