机动车驾驶员健康检查标准及职业禁忌证

驾驶员的精神心理状态、生理反应速度、身体健康状况等与安全驾驶密切相关.应以规范的健康检查标准选择适合驾驶的职业人群及避免有驾驶职业禁忌证者从事职业驾驶,以保障驾驶员健康和公众安全.     

广州市机动车驾驶员就业前健康检查分析

广州市机动车驾驶员就业前健康检查分析邓在明邓凤珍刘薇薇卢杏梅本文分析我院１９９３—１９９５年报考机动车驾驶工作的１８９０２７名驾驶员就业前健康监护体检结果,以期发现职业禁忌证,预防和控制交通事故的发生。１材料与方法１．１受检对象对自愿要求学习掌握机动...     

夏津县机动车驾驶员4355名健康体检结果分析

了解我县机动车驾驶员的健康状况 ,为交通职业安全管理提供依据 ,笔者对 1998～ 2 0 0 2年本县 43 5 5名机动车驾驶员的职业健康检查结果进行了分析 ,现将结果报告如下。1　内容与方法按照《山东省机动车驾驶员职业健康检查试行方案》的要求进行。检查对象为本县各种机动驾驶员。2　结果与分析2 1　职业禁忌证检出情况　全县共查机动车驾驶员 43 5 5人 ,全部为男性 ,查出职业禁忌证 3 0 2人 ,检出率为 6 93 %。其中高血压 78人 ,色觉异常 70人 ,心电图异常 69人 ,视力不良 3 6人 ,听力下降 3 5人 ,其他职业疾患 14人 ,检出率依次为 1 79%、…     

特殊作业人员高血压职业禁忌证调查

目的 对高血压作为特种作业人员职业禁忌证有关问题进行探讨,为职业健康检查实践提供帮助.方法 对2011年某油田企业职业健康检查的高处作业、职业机动车驾驶作业、压力容器作业、电工作业在岗人员2 085人作为观察对象,以同期一般职工健康体检的2 654人为对照组,统计分析高血压作为职业禁忌证检出情况.结果 4个特殊作业人群高血压总检出率为21.5％,对照组高血压检出率为19.3％,2组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);高处作业、职业机动车驾驶作业、压力容器作业、电工作业高血压检出率分别为33.0％、30.9％、16.3％、16.9％,高处作业、职业机动车驾驶作业高血压检出率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),也明显高于压力容器作业、电工作业.高处作业人员和职业机动车车驾驶员高血压职业禁忌证检出率为33％、24.7％,高于压力容器作业、电工作业(P＜0.01).结论 将高血压列为职业禁忌证时,应充分考虑高血压病的特殊性,能否适当放宽高血压作为一些特种作业的职业禁忌证标准,有待进一步商榷.     

重庆市轨道交通企业噪声作业人员职业健康检查结果分析

目的 了解重庆市轨道交通企业噪声作业人员职业健康状况,为重庆市轨道交通企业开展噪声作业人员职业健康保护工作提供参考。方法 于2020年11—12月选取重庆市轨道交通企业参加在岗期间职业健康检查的噪声作业人员为研究对象,收集包括检维修人员和驾驶员在内的1 957名噪声作业人员在岗期间职业健康检查资料,测量重庆市轨道交通企业各岗位噪声8 h等效A声级进行统计学分析。结果 检维修人员检出疑似职业性噪声聋3例,噪声职业禁忌证15例;驾驶员检出听力职业禁忌证12例,血压职业禁忌证3例。异常检出率列前3位的项目依次是听力（20.8%）、血压（10.9%）和心电图（10.6%）,听力异常以高频听力异常为主。检维修人员听力和血压异常检出率高于驾驶员（P<0.05）;噪声作业人员听力、血压和心电图异常检出率随年龄和工龄的增长呈逐渐升高趋势（P<0.01）;左、右耳听力异常检出率随频率的升高而增加（P<0.01）。结论 噪声对重庆市轨道交通作业人员的健康影响不容忽视,应加强噪声作业尤其是检维修岗位的噪声危害防控措施。驾驶员应将职业机动车驾驶作业和噪声同时纳入职业健康监护范围,以早期发现听...     

某外企1505名劳动者上岗前职业健康检查结果分析

目的了解劳动者就业前的健康状况,及早发现职业禁忌证,同时建立劳动者职业健康监护档案,为企业科学、合理地安排劳动者从事有职业病危害的作业提供客观依据。方法采用现况调查研究的方法,对2008年4月—2009年5月某外企1505名准备从事噪声及苯系化合物作业的劳动者进行上岗前职业健康检查,对结果进行分析。结果常见病及单项指标异常者593人,检出率39.4%。职业健康检查目标疾病异常结果：纯音听阈测试异常者29人,13人为职业禁忌证;心电图异常者85人,11人为职业禁忌证;血压明显升高者5人,血常规异常者73人,均为职业禁忌证。共检出102人为职业禁忌证,检出率6.8%。结论上岗前进行职业健康检查对保障劳动者与企业的合法利益具有重要意义。     

1233名客车驾驶员体检情况报告

驾驶员应当具有与驾驶作业相应的良好的生理机能。为保障乘客生命、财产安全 ,减少道路交通事故 ,对在城市公共交通中从事客运服务的驾驶员就业前健康检查工作应严格、认真、谨慎地进行。现将 1998年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 4月期间 ,对应聘公交车驾驶员的健康检查结果报告如下。对象与方法　对取得准驾客车车型驾驶执照 ,具有 5年以上驾驶工龄的应聘驾驶员进行职业史、既往病史 ,以往体检情况等项目调查 ,并进行内科常规体检以及视力、色觉、听觉等检查。结果与讨论　 (1)受检情况 :受检驾驶员均为男性 ,共12 33人 ,平均 31 3岁 (2 3～ 42岁 ) ,…     

1080名机动车驾驶员立体视锐度调查

为了解机动车驾驶员立体视功能状况,我们对1080名机动车驾驶员进行了立体视锐度调查分析,现报告如下:1 检查对象及方法1.1 调查对象 筛选后单一从事机动车驾驶工作的专业驾驶员1080名,以未从事过驾驶工作的各行业就业前体检者542名作对照组。1.2 检查方法 按照《山东省机动车驾驶员职业健康检查规范》的要求进行检查,采用颜少明、郑竺英等著《立体视觉检查     

某企业机动车驾驶员患职业禁忌证状况调查

限于厂内行驶的机动车,如叉车、推土机、装载机和挖掘机等,涉及安全技术问题较多,易发生意外。为此,国家作出了明确规定［１,２］,并强调禁止患有职业禁忌证职工从事该项工作。为掌握企业内机动车驾驶员的健康状况,本文对某企业机动车驾驶员职业禁忌证进行了调查。１　对象和方法１．１　对象　选择该企业４个厂推土机、装载机、挖掘机、电瓶车、翻斗车和叉车等机动车驾驶工龄１年以上的驾驶员６０名,其中男５４名,女６名,年龄２５～５３岁。１．２　方法　根据有关标准［１,２］进行既往病史调查,内科、神经科、身高、视力、听…     

铁路站段不同类型机动车驾驶员职业健康检查情况分析

目的了解管内铁路站段机动车驾驶员的健康状况。方法按照《职业健康监护管理办法》、GB18463—2001《机动车驾驶员身体条件及其评价要求》规定的必检项目,对171名机动车驾驶员(包括厂内驾驶员146名和厂外驾驶员25名)进行职业健康检查。结果驾驶员既往病史中,心脑血管系统疾病占51.85%(14/27);厂内驾驶员有20.55%的人经常饮酒,其血压、远视力、辨色力、心电图异常率明显高于厂外驾驶员。结论管内铁路站段厂内驾驶员健康状况不容乐观,存在安全隐患,职业卫生监督管理和健康教育工作需要加强。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.