HPLC法测定枇杷叶提取物中熊果酸与科罗索酸含量

目的建立同时测定枇杷叶提取物中熊果酸与科罗索酸含量的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,选用XB-C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),检测波长为215 nm,流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(88∶12∶0.12),流速1.0mL·min-1,柱温25℃。结果熊果酸与科罗索酸进样量在0.625¹0μg范围内均有良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为100.49%和100.12%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.014%和1.021%(n=9)。结论本法简便,快速,准确,重现性好,可作为枇杷叶提取物中熊果酸与科罗索酸含量测定的方法。     

菝葜对小鼠血糖和肝糖元的影响

目的:研究菝葜对小鼠血糖和肝糖元的影响.方法:分别以中药菝葜煎剂10和20g/kg、优降糖(20mg/kg)、降糖灵(40mg/kg)和等容积生理盐水(20ml/kg)灌胃,测定各组正常小鼠的血糖水平及以四氧嘧啶(70mg/kg)、肾上腺素(0.2mg/kg)和葡萄糖(2g/kg)所致小鼠高血糖模型的血糖水平,测定小鼠肝糖元含量.结果:小鼠灌胃菝葜煎剂连续3d或6d,能显著对抗肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的小鼠血糖升高,降低四氧嘧啶尿病小鼠的血糖浓度,明显增加肝糖元含量,但对正常小鼠的血糖值无明显影响.结论:菝葜对实验性糖尿病小鼠的血糖有明显的抑制作用.     

枇杷叶中科罗索酸的分离纯化及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的应用中药分离纯化技术从枇杷叶中提取纯化科罗索酸,并研究分离过程中不同样品对胃癌细胞BGC823增长的抑制作用。方法通过大孔吸附树脂富集纯化、硅胶柱层析及制备色谱法,对枇杷叶95%乙醇提取物进行纯化。用MTT法检测不同样品对胃癌细胞BGC823生长的影响。结果科罗索酸具有抑制胃癌细胞BGC823的生长的作用,分离得到的不同科罗索酸样品具有不同程度的抑制作用,且其他组分（如山楂酸或成熟果酸）和科罗索酸能够产生协同作用。结论本法为建立科罗索酸的提纯工艺,开发新型抗癌药物提供实验依据。     

苦荞黄酮提取物对2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖与血脂的影响Δ

目的:研究苦荞黄酮提取物对2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖与血脂的影响。方法:大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(30mg/kg)联合高脂高糖饮食复制大鼠2型糖尿病模型。60只SD大鼠随机均分为正常对照(等容生理氯化钠溶液)组、模型(等容生理氯化钠溶液)组、二甲双胍(300 mg/kg)组与苦荞黄酮提取物高、中、低剂量(1 000、500、250 mg/kg)组,灌胃给药,每天1次,连续4周。检测大鼠空腹血糖值,绘制时间-血糖曲线以计算大鼠时间-血糖曲线下面积(AUCG);检测大鼠血清胰岛素(INS)与血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠空腹血糖值升高,AUCG、INS、TC、TG水平升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,苦荞黄酮提取物高、中、低剂量组大鼠空腹血糖值降低,AUCG、INS、TC、TG水平降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:苦荞黄酮提取物可降低2型糖尿病模型大鼠血糖与血脂水平。     

女贞子提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用

目的:观察女贞子中含有熊果酸和齐墩果酸粗提物的抗肿瘤作用。方法:采用小鼠移植性肿瘤模型,观察了女贞子促取物(Extract of Nu Zhen Zi,ENZZ)对H_(22)肝癌、S_(180)肉瘤荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠的生命延长作用。结果:女贞子提取物对小鼠移植性肿瘤H_(22)有抑制,ENZZ 250 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,1000 mg/kg组平均抑瘤率分别为41.49％、48.32％、45.45％,对S_(180)肉瘤实体型有抑制作用,上述三个剂量的抑瘤率分别为37.50％、44.23％、46.15％;女贞子提取物对S_(180)肉瘤腹水型,H_(22)肝癌腹水型无生命延长作用。结论:女贞子提取物对移植性肿瘤H_(22)肝癌、S_(180)肉瘤有抑制作用。     

沙苑子提取物对小鼠血糖影响的研究

目的观察沙苑子提取物对正常小鼠以及链脲佐菌素(STZ)致高血糖小鼠血糖的影响。方法通过对正常小鼠给药10 d及建立STZ致高血糖小鼠模型后给药20 d,观察动物状态,采血分离血清测定给药前后空腹血糖值。结果沙苑子各提取物对正常小鼠血糖均无明显影响,大剂量沙苑子提取物B能明显降低STZ小鼠血糖(P<0.05)。结论沙苑子提取物B对糖尿病模型动物空腹血糖有降低作用,对糖尿病模型动物有一定的治疗作用。     

葛花的药理研究

葛花及其代表方剂“葛花解醒汤”历来被用于酒中毒、食欲不振、呕吐等。本文对其各提取部位进行药理研究。将葛花按下述分离提取方法分别获得甲醇提取物(PE-ME)、异黄酮类部位(PF-IF)、三萜皂甙部位(PF-SP)和N-酰基-N_1-葡萄糖基-色氨酸(PE-P)。它们对醇诱导的小鼠代谢异常(血中葡萄糖BG、甘油三酸酯TG和尿氮BUN浓度)和对实验肝损害(CCl_4模型和高脂肪喂饲诱导的模型)的研究表明。 PF-ME(4500mg/kg)和PF-P(400mg/kg)能抑制醇诱导的小鼠BG的升高,而PF-IF(1000mg/kg)和PF-SP(1000mg/kg)无效。PF-     

积雪草总三萜酸及其主要成分的抗抑郁活性研究

目的:探讨积雪草总三萜酸和其主要成分积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸的抗抑郁作用.方法:采用小鼠强迫游泳实验、小鼠悬尾实验、开野实验和拮抗利血平所致的小鼠眼睑下垂实验,分别以小鼠不动时间、自主活动数和拮抗率作为评价指标.结果:在强迫游泳实验中积雪草总三萜酸、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸60 mg/kg、120 mg/kg剂量均能显著缩短小鼠不动时间,在悬尾实验中30 mg/kg、60 mg/kg、120 mg/kg剂量均能显著缩短小鼠不动时间,开野实验结果表明给药后小鼠的自主活动无明显变化,在利血平拮抗实验中积雪草总三萜酸、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸均可减少小鼠眼睑下垂.结论:积雪草总三萜酸、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸有抗抑郁作用.     

野菊花提取物对KKAy糖尿病小鼠高血糖、高血脂和血醛糖还原酶的影响北大核心CSCD

目的观察野菊花提取物对糖尿病KKAy小鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响,及对醛糖还原酶(AR)的抑制作用。方法 8周龄雄性KKAy小鼠,根据初始空腹血糖随机分为模型组、野菊花提取物20和100 mg·kg^(-1)组及格列美脲0.4 mg·kg^(-1)组,以雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为正常对照组,每天ig给药1次,连续7周。每周测量小鼠体质量和摄食量,实验结束前测定空腹血糖并进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)。末次给药后禁食过夜,处死小鼠,取血清进行生化检测,ELISA测定血清中胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平,解剖取肝、肾、脾、睾周脂肪和肾周脂肪,测定脏器系数并进行常规病理组织学检查。实时PCR测定肾组织匀浆中AR m RNA表达。结果与模型组比较,野菊花提取物100 mg·kg^(-1)组小鼠摄食量明显减少(P<0.01),空腹血糖明显降低(P<0.05);OGTT结果表明野菊花提取物可显著抑制葡萄糖吸收(P<0.01),血清谷丙转氨酶、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素、瘦素和AR水平明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。组织病理学观察显示,模型组小鼠肝、肾、脂肪、胰腺和脾组织出现不同程度病变,野菊花提取物可抑制糖尿病引起的组织病理变化;同时可降低肾组织AR m RNA表达。结论野菊花提取物对KKAy小鼠有降血糖和血脂的作用,并能保护因糖尿病引起的肾、肝、脂肪、胰腺和脾损伤,其对肾的保护作用与降低肾组织AR m RNA表达从而抑制AR作用有关。     

瓦松提取物对实验性胃溃疡的治疗作用

目的：观察瓦松提取物对实验性胃溃疡的治疗作用。方法：以Wistar大鼠和昆明种小鼠为研究对象,复制5种实验性胃溃疡动物模型（小鼠束缚水浸应激致胃溃疡模型、吲哚美辛致小鼠胃溃疡模型、乙醇致大鼠胃溃疡模型、乙酸致大鼠胃溃疡模型和大鼠幽门结扎致胃溃疡模型）。将大鼠随机分为瓦松提取物400、200、100mg/kg剂量组、阳性对照组和模型对照组;小鼠随机分成瓦松提取物800、400、200mg/kg剂量组、阳性对照组和模型对照组。测定胃溃疡指数、胃液游离酸排出量及总酸排出量。结果：瓦松提取物400、800mg/kg剂量组能降低小鼠应激性溃疡溃疡指数（P〈0.05）;200～800mg/kg瓦松提取物对吲哚美辛致小鼠胃溃疡溃疡指数有明显的降低作用（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;同时对乙醇引起的大鼠胃溃疡也具有明显的抑制作用（P〈0.05）,并可明显促进乙酸致大鼠胃溃疡溃疡的愈合,但对动物胃液分泌及胃蛋白酶活性无明显影响。结论：瓦松提取物对实验性胃溃疡有明显的预防和治疗作用。     

Anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effects of aqueous-extract from the flower of Inula japonica in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

The anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effects of aqueous-extract from the flower of Inula japonica (IJ) and its two fractions (IJR and IJP) were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of IJ was also performed in normal and diabetic mice. The results showed that IJ (1000 mg/kg), IJR (500 mg/kg) and IJP (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic mice by oral administration (p<0.01). IJ and IJP markedly decreased serum triglyceride concentrations (p<0.05) in diabetic mice. Their hypoglycemic activities were better than gliclazide (40 mg/kg) and compared with metformin (250 mg/kg). IJ raised plasma insulin levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. IJ, IJR and IJP significantly decreased the consumption of water and food in diabetic mice. OGTT showed that IJ slightly lowered blood glucose levels in normal mice, but significantly decreased blood glucose in diabetic mice between 60-150 min after a glucose load (p<0.05). The data indicated that IJ has both anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic effects.     

Probiotic treatment reduces blood glucose levels and increases systemic absorption of gliclazide in diabetic rats

The action of gliclazide, a sulphonylurea with beneficial extrapancreatic effects in diabetes, may be enhanced by administering probiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of probiotics on gliclazide pharmacokinetics and the effect of both probiotics and gliclazide on blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats (2 to 3 months, weight 350 +/- 50 g) were randomly allocated to 4 groups (n =10), two of which were treated with alloxan i.v. 30 mg/kg to induce diabetes. One group of healthy and one group of diabetic rats were then gavaged with probiotics (75 mg/kg) for three days after which a gliclazide suspension (20 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to all groups. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein at various time points for 10 hours post-administration for the determination of blood glucose and gliclazide serum concentrations. It was found that probiotic treatment had no effect on blood glucose levels in healthy rats, but it reduced them (up to 2-fold; p < 0.01) in diabetic rats. Probiotic treatment reduced gliclazide bioavailability in healthy rats (3-fold) whereas it increased gliclazide bioavailability in diabetic rats (2-fold; p < 0.01). Gliclazide had no effect on blood glucose levels in either healthy or diabetic rats despite the changes in its bioavailability. In conclusion, the probiotic treatment of diabetic rats increases gliclazide bioavailability and lowers blood glucose levels by insulin-independent mechanisms, suggesting that the administration of probiotics may be beneficial as adjunct therapy in the treatment of diabetes.     

葛根芩连汤降血糖作用的实验研究

OBJECTIVEThe hypoglycemic effects and its mechanisum of GGQLT were investigated in animal models. METHODSFasting blood glucose (FBG) level in mice and mice with alloxan induced hyperglycemia and alloxan (ALX) induced diabetes mellitus (DM) were determined after oral administration of GGQLT. 2h blood glucose (2hBG) level in rats with dexmathasone (DX) induced insulin resistance (IR) and rats with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were measured after taken glucose in an oral dose of 10 g/kg. RESULTSGGQLT was able to antagomize the high blood glucose in mice with ALX-induced hyperglycemia (P＜0.01); able to significantly reduce the FBG level in mice and mice with ALX induced DM (P＜0.05～0.01); able to lower FBG in mice and 2hBG in rats with IGT after given oral glucose (P＜0.01); and improve IGT in rats with DX induced IR. CONCLUSIONThe results obtained suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GGQLT is similar to those of metformin and gliclazide.     

Hypoglycemic effect of astaxanthin from shrimp waste in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Hypoglycemic effect of astaxanthin obtained from shrimp waste was assessed in alloxan-induced diabetic and normal mice. Animals received oral administration of astaxanthin in dose of 5 and 10?mg/kg. The plasma glucose levels were examined and compared with that of metformin and gliclazide. Administration of astaxanthin (5 and 10?mg/kg) produced significantly fall on plasma glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, while a slight fall in normal mice. In normal mice, postprandial hyperglycemia was significantly suppressed by oral administration of astaxanthin, which significantly lowered the postprandial area under curve. These results demonstrate that astaxanthin is effective in controlling hypoglycemia in animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, astaxanthin can be a useful natural oral agent to treat diabetes.     

壳寡糖降血糖作用的实验研究

目的：探讨壳寡糖的降血糖作用.方法：以尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为模型对照组,壳寡糖高、中、低剂量组,二甲双胍组和正常对照组,每组6只.观察壳寡糖对糖尿病大鼠血糖、胰岛素的影响及病理改变,观察壳寡糖对正常小鼠血糖及糖耐量的影响.结果：壳寡糖中、高剂量组均有明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠血糖作用（P＜0.05）.壳寡糖改善模型对照组大鼠胰腺功能,3个剂量组壳寡糖使血中胰岛素有升高趋势,但与模型对照组比较差异无统计学意义.壳寡糖低、中、高剂量组与空白对照组小鼠血糖比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,中、高剂量壳寡糖使小鼠灌胃葡萄糖后0.5 h血糖降低,与空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：壳寡糖具有明显降血糖作用,对正常小鼠血糖无影响,增加小鼠糖耐量作用.     

The in vivo interaction between gliclazide and glibenclamide and insulin on glucose disposal in the rat.

Many reports suggest that extrapancreatic actions contribute to the antidiabetic effect of sulphonylurea drugs (SUs). In this work, the ability of two SUs, namely, gliclazide and glibenclamide, to augment insulin action was studied in vivo. Both drugs elevated the plasma concentration of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and lowered the plasma concentrations of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in normal intact rats. These changes were not reproduced in alloxan-diabetic or eviscerated rats. The actions of insulin on plasma glucose and NEFA were not augmented by gliclazide in alloxan-diabetic rats. Neither gliclazide nor glibenclamide (given acutely and for 30 days) augmented the actions of exogenously administered insulin in reducing plasma glucose or NEFA concentrations in intact or eviscerated animals. It was concluded that these SUs do not produce their acute or chronic effects on blood glucose by augmenting the actions of insulin.     

Studies on the glycemic and lipidemic effect of monopril and losartan in normal and diabetic rats.

The effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor monopril and the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan on serum glucose, protein levels and some serum lipid components were compared in normal and diabetic rats receiving oral antidiabetic drugs 'repaglinide or gliclazide'. The two antihypertensive agents, when administered concurrently with oral hypoglycemic agents 'repaglinide or gliclazide' in normal and diabetic rats exerted a significant hypoglycemic effect. Serum protein levels were mainly unaffected by the two antihypertensive drugs. Monopril and losartan exhibit a hypolipidemic effect in normal and diabetic rats when administered in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents 'gliclazide or repaglinide'. Monopril or losartan when used alone exerted insignificant effect in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in normal rats, while in combination with gliclazide or repaglinide caused a significant increase in HDL in normal rats. Concomitantly, monopril or losartan, when administered alone or in combination with repaglinide or gliclazide in diabetic rats exerted a significant increase in serum HDL. On the other hand, all the investigated drugs showed a significant decrease in serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) in normal and diabetic rats.     

α-硫辛酸对糖尿病小鼠血糖和氧化应激水平的影响

目的：探讨抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸对糖尿病小鼠的治疗作用。方法：25只小鼠随机分成正常对照组，糖尿病组．α-硫辛酸治疗低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组（分别15mg／kg、30mg／kg、60mg／kg腹腔注射共14d）。单次尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶诱发糖尿病小鼠模型．采用TBA法检测骨骼肌丙二醛（MDA）含量．葡萄氧化酶生物传感器测定尾静脉随机血糖。结果：糖尿病组血清、骨骼肌组织中MDA含量高于对照组及α-硫辛酸治疗各组（P〈0．01）：正常对照组与高剂量组、中剂量组血清MDA含量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），低剂量组高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）：低、中、高剂量3组小鼠骨骼肌组织中MDA含量随α-硫辛酸用量的增加而减少，高剂量组与正常对照组未见差异（P〉0．05）；高、中、低剂量组小鼠给药后血糖较给药前下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：α-硫辛酸通过清除氧自由基．抑制氧化应激．调整糖尿病小鼠的血糖．     

格列齐特治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效观察

目的 对格列齐特缓释片治疗初发2型糖尿病患者的临床疗效进行观察.方法 将118例初发2型糖尿病患者随机分为三组,分别应用格列齐特缓释片、瑞格列奈(进121)、重组人胰岛素治疗12周,测定三组受试者治疗前后的糖化血红蛋白、空腹及餐后2 h血糖,并观察低血糖事件,对测试结果进行比较.结果 格列齐特缓释片治疗组空腹和餐后2 h血糖水平与重组人胰岛素治疗组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).格列齐特缓释片治疗组空腹血糖控制优于瑞格列奈(进口)治疗组(P<0.01).重组人胰岛素对空腹血糖的控制优于瑞格列奈(进口)组(P<0.01),但两组间餐后血糖水平无明显差异.结论 对空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及糖化血红蛋白的控制,格列齐特缓释片、重组人胰岛素、瑞格列奈(进口)均有较好疗效.     

Effect of middle-term gliclazide treatment on insulin secretion in non-insulin dependent diabetics

Summary

Insulin secretion was studied in 12 non-insulin dependent diabetics during middle-term administration of the sulphonylurea gliclazide. Blood sugar, C-peptide and glucagon were also estimated during the intravenous glucose tolerance and arginine tests performed before and after therapy. After 3 months of gliclazide/therapy (240?mg/day) in addition to a low carbohydrate diet, the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels and in the partial and total areas under the blood sugar curve, as well as an improvement in early insulin secretion, characterized by a significant increase in plasma C-peptide at 4, 10 and 20 minutes. Plasma glucagon levels were not affected by the sulphonylurea therapy. In the arginine test, blood sugar levels were lower at the end of the treatment period; plasma insulin, C-peptide and glucagon did not change significantly. In this study, plasma C-peptide has proved to be a better indicator of stimulated insulin secretion than plasma insulin levels. The scarcity of hypo-glycaemic episodes during therapy with gliclazide may be related to the selective stimulation of early insulin secretion by this drug.