药用植物内生真菌生物活性及其活性成分研究

内生真菌在药用植物内普遍存在,并且具有重要的生物活性,如抗菌、抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性,因此,内生真菌已成为活性代谢产物的一个新的来源。文章主要介绍了内生真菌的生物活性、阐述了其能够产生与宿主植物相同或类似的活性成分的特点以及总结了近年来内生真菌产生的重要活性物质并对其进行了分类。同时,对内生真菌的发展前景进行了初步的探讨,以期为药用植物内生真菌的应用提供理论依据。     

老鼠簕内生真菌及其次生代谢产物研究进展

老鼠簕是一种药用红树植物，具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和保肝等药理作用，然而其资源匮乏，发展与应用受到限制。已有研究表明，内生真菌可与宿主植物产生相似或相同的次生代谢产物，利用其次生代谢产物发现药理活性分子或先导化合物是解决药用植物资源匮乏问题的重要举措之一。本文系统地总结了过去20年老鼠簕内生真菌的国内外研究文献，从内生真菌分类及其次级代谢产物的化学成分与药理活性方面进行综述，旨在为老鼠簕内生真菌进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

金银花内生真菌的分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究

目的 从药用植物金银花中筛选出对指示菌有抑制作用的内生真菌,并对其抑菌特性进行研究.方法 采用组织块法对金银花内生菌进行分离;用形态学方法对内生真菌进行鉴定;以大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,对内生真菌发酵产物进行抑菌试验,并对活性物质的热稳定性进行了研究.结果 分离获得38株内生真菌,鉴定为5目、5科、8个属;其中2株有抑菌活性,且发酵液具有良好的热稳定性.结论 金银花组织中存在丰富的内生真菌,其代谢产物具有一定的抑菌作用.     

药用植物内生真菌抗菌活性的筛选

文章进行了353株药用植物内生真菌抗菌活性的研究。结果表明，内生真菌对植物病原真菌的抑菌现象较为普遍，且抑菌效果明显；对细菌的抑菌效果较差。其中对番茄早疫霉和番茄灰霉产生抑制作用的内生真菌比例分别达到15．9％和11．3％。     

内生菌在天然药物研究中的研究进展

内生菌具有丰富的生物多样性,是潜力巨大的微生物新资源。内生菌的研究对于保护野生与濒危药用植物、拓展药用资源、新药研发等均有一定意义。本文对近年来报道的内生菌的活性代谢产物、内生菌与药用植物的相互影响、内生菌对中药材道地性的影响等进行综述,为内生菌的进一步研究提供参考。     

金荞麦中具抗菌活性内生真菌的筛选和鉴定

目的 研究药用植物金荞麦的抗菌活性内生真菌.方法 采用PDA培养基,从金荞麦的块根、茎、叶中分离到20株内生真菌,鉴定其抗菌活性,并对抗菌活性菌株进行形态学特征和分子鉴定.结果 发现其中1株内生真菌FD12对金黄色葡萄球菌有抗菌活性,但对大肠杆菌、黑曲霉无抑制作用;经形态学特征和分子鉴定,确定菌株FD12为黑肉座菌Hypocrea nigricans.结论 文中结果可为保护金荞麦野生资源,寻找和开发新型抑菌生物制剂开辟了一条新途径.     

药用植物内生菌研究概况

利用药用植物内生菌生产药用植物活性物质是目前保护药用植物资源的一种重要手段,因此对药用植物内生菌的分离、内生菌所产活性物质的药用概况及研究中存在的问题进行了综合论述,并对今后的发展前景进行了展望。     

野生刺五加内生真菌的分离与鉴定

目的:研究药用植物刺五加的内生真茵.方法:对采自伊春的刺五加茎采用组织分离法对内生真菌进行分离,光学显微镜下现察真菌形态,进行种属鉴定.结果:从野生刺五加茎中分离获得25株内生真菌,分属于4目、7科、9属.结论:充分体现刺五加内生真菌的丰富多样性.     

产与宿主相同活性成分的内生真菌的研究进展

植物内生真菌是指存在于植物体内,且具有潜在药用价值的微生物。在与宿主植物长期协同进化过程中,内生真菌具有产与宿主相同或相似的活性代谢产物的能力。过去的20年间,已经从内生真菌中分离得到许多具有活性的化合物,如抗菌剂,杀虫剂,免疫抑制剂和抗癌化合物等。内生真菌资源已是目前研究的重点及热点。该文总结了产与宿主相同活性成分(如紫杉醇,鬼臼毒素,长春新碱及喜树碱等)内生真菌的研究现状,并对内生真菌研究中存在的问题及未来的发展策略进行了综述,旨在为开发利用内生真菌资源,使其早日为人类带来社会、生态及经济效益提供有价值的参考。     

药用植物内生菌次级代谢产物药理作用研究进展

目的:了解药用植物内生菌次级代谢产物的药理作用,以期为药用植物保护、天然药物资源扩展及新药研发提供参考。方法:对近年来药用植物内生菌次级代谢产物药理作用的研究进展进行总结分析。结果与结论:内生菌从寄主植物中吸取营养并通过新陈代谢等生命活动产生的物质即为次级代谢产物。药用植物内生菌的次级代谢物含有许多与宿主植物相同或相似的生物活性物质,例如从川芎中分离的枯草芽孢杆菌可产生川芎嗪,从雷公藤内生曲霉属真菌中可分离新的丁烯酸内酯,从内生放线菌可分离产生生物碱、多肽、聚酮类、萜类等多种生物活性物质。这些产物的活性甚至要强于宿主植物的活性物质,而且其还含有许多具有新的生物活性的物质;其药理活性主要包括抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗高血糖、抗寄生虫等。药用植物内生菌的次级代谢产物是庞大的潜在药用物质资源库,具有良好的开发前景,但目前内生菌离开宿主药用植物后的培养问题极大地限制了其次级代谢产物的开发。     

佳木斯大学校园药用植物资源调查

目的：为了配合我校药学专业学生药用植物分类学实习及理论知识的拓展,培养大学生科技创新精神,有必要对我校丰富的药用植物资源进行调查以及校园常见药用植物名录的编制。方法：通过实地调查,标本收集、数码拍照,查阅资料,访谈及向专家请教等方法对大学校园内的植物尤其是药用植物进行摸底调查。结果：现已调查校园内药用植物33科74种,并已拍摄照片。     

Ethnopharmacology of the Popoluca, Mexico: an evaluation.

Medicinal plants are an essential part of indigenous pharmaceutical systems. We studied the medicinal plants used by the Popoluca of the Sierra Santa Marta (Eastern Mexico). This study is part of a series on the ethnopharmacology of various Macro-Mayan groups. During 16 months of ethnobotanical fieldwork, 614 taxa used medicinally and 4488 individual use-reports were documented. The data are analysed using the concept of the "healers' consensus" in order to identify culturally important medicinal plants. The medicinal uses of the plants were grouped into 13 illness categories. The responses for each species were summarized for each of the categories and were ordered by frequency of mention. The most frequently recorded medicinal plants of the Popoluca are Hamelia patens, used to stop bleeding from wounds, and Byrsonima crassifolia, used against diarrhoea. The high-ranked medicinal species were assessed pharmacognostically using published phytochemical and pharmacological data. Popoluca medicinal uses were fairly consistent with published data on active ingredients for those plants for which such data exist. However, data is still lacking for many other species. Toxicological studies are particularly scarce. This study will be used as a basis for subsequent studies on the pharmacology and phytochemistry of medicinal plant species.     

崆峒山部分常见食药两用植物简介

崆峒山位于甘肃省平凉市,属六盘山支脉,是华北、东北、华中、蒙古、中国－喜马拉雅山区系成分的交汇点,植物成分复杂,分布着1000多种维管植物,是我国珍贵的自然物种基因库,有大量的珍稀植物、药用植物[1]。其中有多种植物被当作野菜食用,本文对部分常见药食两用植物作以下简介。     

The taste sensory evaluation of medicinal plants and Chinese medicines

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the artificial taste sensor in the evaluation of 11 medicinal plants and 10 Chinese medicines with bitter and/or astringent tastes, and to assess the possible application of the sensor in the evaluation of taste and quality control of medicinal products. Aqueous extracts of the six bitter medicinal plants could be classified into three types, and those of the five astringent medicinal plants into two types, on the basis of sensor output pattern profiles. These differences seem to derive from the different structures of the main components. In the principal component analysis of the taste sensor output of 10 Chinese medicines, a new measure developed, the 'Euclidean distance', defined as the distance between a control and the targeted substance on the principal component map. This measure offers a possibility for indicating the different tastes of Chinese medicines. Lastly, we confirmed that berberine adsorption on the surface of the artificial membrane of the taste sensor was of the Langmuir type. The berberine content in extracts of medicinal plants could be evaluated by the taste sensor, and it was shown to be possible to use the taste sensor for the quality control of medicinal plants.     

广西岑王老山自然保护区抗菌药用植物资源

目的：探明岑王老山自然保护区的抗菌药用植物资源。方法：文献综合法。结果：保护区共有抗菌药用植物39种，其中43．59％的药用植物可以抗菌5种以上，如金银花（Lonicerajaponica）、铁仔（Mysm Pafricana）、紫花地丁（Voila yedoensis）等；48．72％的药用植物能抗菌2～4种，如大青（Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum）、鱼腥草（Houttuynia cordata）、夏枯草（Prunellanella vulgaris）等；79．49％的药用植物的入药部位为全草（株）、根或块根，如肿节风（Sarcandra glabra）、了哥王（Wikstroemia indica）、紫萁（Osmunda japonica）。结论：保护区抗菌药用植物的抗菌谱广，具有良好的开发前景，但是要注意适度开采，做到可持续利用。     

Medicinal plants and malaria

OBJECTIVE To carry out a literature survey on medicinal plants documented for use in malaria,and to create a comprehensive database documenting the usage and preparation of these medicinal plants for malaria.METHODS A search was done through Scopus,ScienceDirect,and PubMed,on all ethnobotanical surveys that were specifically done on medicinal plants used in malaria using the keywords″ethnobotanical″,″survey″,″ethnopharmacological″,and″malaria″.In addition,Dr Duke′s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database,and books on medicinal plants from the Library of Botany and Horticulture,Singapore Botanic Gardens,and the Medical and Science Libraries,National University of Singapore,were used in the search.Plants used specifically as quinine substitutes were also included.Plants that were reported to be used solely for fever(other than malarial fever),external application,or insect repelling property,were excluded.Data collected were analyzed according to family,genus,location of use,method of preparation,part used,and indication(treatment and/or prevention).RESULTS A total of 1739 plants from 185 families and 973 genera were reportedly used for malaria globally,with 59 plantsused in three or more continents.Of these,11 were used in four continents for malaria,and 7of these can be found in Singapore.Anti-malarial plants from the family Fabaceae and the genus Vernoniawere the most commonly reported.Most of the plants are prepared as decoctions,followed by infusions.Leaves were most frequently used,followed by roots,and bark.97.8% of the plants are used solely for curative purposes,1.8% of the plants are both curative and prophylactic,while 0.4% are solely prophylactic.Priority of plants for further research could either focus on geographical extent of use,plant family,or genus.CONCLUSION An extensive database documenting the medicinal plants used for malaria has been compiled.Sustained interest in anti-malarial medicinal plant research is evident over the past decade.Promising plants for further research is presented.     

Sustainable medicines and global health care

The global population has now exceeded 7 billion, and forests and other resources around the world are being irreversibly depleted for energy, food, shelter, material goods, and drugs to accommodate population needs. For most of the world's population, plants, based on many well-established systems of medicine, in either crude or extract form, represent the foundation of primary health care for the foreseeable future. Contemporary harvesting methods for medicinal plants are severely depleting these critical indigenous resources. However, maintaining and enhancing the availability of quality medicinal agents on a sustainable basis is an unappreciated public health care concept. To accomplish these goals for future health care, and restore the health of the Earth, a profound paradigm shift is necessary: ALL medicinal agents should be regarded as a sustainable commodity, irrespective of their source. Several approaches to enhancing the availability of safe and efficacious plant-based medicinal agents will be presented including integrated strategies to manifest the four pillars (information, botany, chemistry, and biology) for medicinal plant quality control. These integrated initiatives involve information systems, DNA barcoding, metabolomics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, in-field analysis of medicinal plants, and the application of new detection techniques for the development of medicinal plants with enhanced levels of safe and reproducible biological agents.     

光调控对药用植物次生代谢成分合成的影响

药用植物次生代谢成分,因具有特殊的药理活性或功效对人类的健康极为重要,是药品、保健品、化妆品的主要来源。随着人类对于健康和长寿的不断追求,医药市场的需求规模持续增长,提高药用植物次生代谢成分的产量和质量变得特别重要。植物次生代谢成分是植物对环境的一种适应,是在长期进化过程中植物与生物和非生物因素相互作用的结果。药用植物次生代谢成分的产生和积累主要受植物遗传因素和环境因素的影响,其中光环境对其合成影响尤为重要,因而,长期以来光调控一直是国内外众多学者研究的热点。本文综述近年来有关光调控对药用植物次生代谢成分影响的研究进展,主要从光质、光强、光周期的影响分别阐述,以期为高效生产具有重要药理活性的次生代谢成分提供理论依据和实践指导。     

The Medicinal Plants of Mauritius – Part 1

A survey of the medicinal plants of Mauritius has been carried out and 461 plants have been identified as being medicinal. The vernacular names of the plants are given along with the data on plant parts used and for which diseases these plants can be employed.     

Anticancer bioactivity of compounds from medicinal plants used in European medieval traditions

Since centuries, natural compounds from plants, animals and microorganisms were used in medicinal traditions to treat various diseases without a solid scientific basis. Recent studies have shown that plants that were used or are still used in the medieval European medicine are able to provide relieve for many diseases including cancer. Here we summarize impact and effect of selected purified active natural compounds from plants used in European medieval medicinal traditions on cancer hallmarks and enabling characteristics identified by Hanahan and Weinberg. The aim of this commentary is to discuss the pharmacological effect of pure compounds originally discovered in plants with therapeutic medieval use. Whereas many reviews deal with Ayurvedic traditions and traditional Chinese medicine, to our knowledge, the molecular basis of European medieval medicinal approaches are much less documented.